预后营养指数与食管鳞癌患者术后并发症和远期预后的相关性研究

  目的  分析预后营养指数（prognostic nutritional index,PNI）和食管鳞癌患者术后并发症与预后的关系。  方法  回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年12月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院收治的食管鳞癌术后患者258例。其中高PNI患者157例,低PNI患者101例。比较两组患者临床病理特征、术后并发症、中位生存期和5年生存率。  结果  低PNI组患者的TNM分期较晚,肿瘤直径 > 3 cm、有吸烟史、饮酒史和血清白蛋白值低的患者较多（P < 0.05）。高PNI组总并发症（28.0% vs. 40.6%）、肺部并发症（7.6% vs. 16.8%）和吻合口瘘发生率（4.5% vs. 40.9%）低于低PNI组（P < 0.05）。高PNI组中位生存期和第1、3和5年生存率均优于低PNI组（87.3%,71.3%,50.3% vs. 76.2%,56.4%,32.7%,P < 0.001）。Cox多因素生存分析显示TNM分期和PNI水平与生存率显著相关（P < 0.05）。  结论  术前PNI可用于判断食管癌术后患者预后状况。      

食管及贲门癌术后致死并发症的防治

目的 探讨防治减少食管及贲门癌术后致死并发症的措施。方法 1981年5月～1996年12月共对1084例食管,贲门癌行切除手术,并正确地装配及安放适当型号的吻合器。结果 术后并发症共75例次,发生率6.9％,吻合口瘘及肺部并发症35例次,占总并发症的46.7％,其中吻合口瘘7例,肺部并发症28例,死亡10例,占死亡11例的90.9％。肺部并发症及吻合口瘘各致死5例。结论 对食管、贲门癌只要能正确地使用吻合器,重视围手术期管理就能明显减少术后主要致死并发症吻合口瘘及肺部并发症的发生,降低术后死亡率。     

胃癌D2根治术后短期并发症对患者远期生存率的影响

目的 探讨胃癌D2根治术后短期并发症对患者远期生存率的影响.方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究方法,选取接受胃癌D2根治手术治疗的421例患者;根据术后短期有无并发症分为实验组(并发症组)76例和对照组(无并发症组)345例.为减小选择偏倚,通过倾向性得分匹配(PSM)平衡各组变量后,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法检...     

食管癌术后淋巴结转移对生存率的影响和放射治疗的意义

目的 分析淋巴结转移个数对生存率的影响及放射治疗的意义。方法 495例食管癌根治性手术切除患者,随机分为单一手术组(275例)和术后放疗组(220例),根据淋巴结转移的个数分为3组：A组无淋巴结转移,占47．2％;B组淋巴结转移个数1～2枚,占29．5％;C组淋巴结转移个数≥3枚,占23．2％。结果(1)相同T分期(T3)时,A、B、C三组的5年生存率分别为52．6％、28．8％和10．9(P=0．0000);在C组,单一手术和术后放疗者的5年生存率分别为0和19．3％(P=0．0336)。(2)在淋巴结阳性组(B C组),单一手术和术后放疗者的胸内淋巴结转移率分别为35．9％和21．2％(P=0．014),锁骨上淋巴结转移率分别为19．7％和4．4％(P=0．000);在淋巴结阴性组(A组),单一手术和术后放疗的胸内淋巴结转移率分别为27．8％和10．3％(P=0．003);A、B、C三组的腹腔淋巴结转移率分别为3．9％、9．4％和17．5％(P=0．000)。血行转移率以C组最高,为27．8％。结论 淋巴结转移个数是影响食管癌生存率的因素之一。淋巴结转移个数≥3枚时,血行转移率高,是全身化疗的指征。术后放疗降低了放疗部位淋巴结转移率,明显提高了C组生存率。     

食管贲门癌术后主要并发症的原因及处理

目的探讨食管贲门癌切除术后主要并发症的原因及减少其发生的方法。方法回顾1995年6月~2003年12月收治的1268例食管贲门癌患者的临床资料,对65例出现主要并发症患者的资料进行分析。结果吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄与吻合术式密切相关,肺部并发症与患者体质、肺功能、术中对肺的压迫是分不开的,乳糜胸为术中损伤胸导管所致。结论熟练的操作技术,良好的吻合方法,熟悉毗邻解剖关系,缩短手术时间,加强围手术期的肺功能锻炼,对减少并发症具有重要意义。     

健康管理对食管癌术后患者生活质量及并发症的影响

目的探讨健康管理对食管癌术后患者生活质量及并发症的影响。方法将2014年8月至2016年8月收治的40例食管癌手术患者作为对照组,给予常规管理措施;将2016年9月至2018年2月收治的40例食管癌手术患者作为观察组,在常规管理的基础上进行健康管理。术前和术后4周,采用生活质量(QOL)量表评估两组患者的生活质量,采用广泛性焦虑量表-7(GAD-7)评估两组患者的焦虑抑郁情况。术后1天和术后4周比较两组患者并发症改善情况。结果术后4周,两组患者躯体功能、心理功能、生理功能和社会功能评分均高于本组术前,焦虑和抑郁发生率均低于本组术前,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);且观察组患者躯体功能、心理功能、生理功能和社会功能评分均明显高于对照组患者(P﹤0.01),焦虑和抑郁发生率均低于对照组患者(P﹤0.05)。术后4周,观察组患者并发症总发生率为5.0%,低于对照组患者的20.0%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);且观察组患者的并发症总发生率低于本组术后1天,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论健康管理可降低食管癌术后患者并发症发生率,改善焦虑和抑郁情绪,提高食管癌患者术后的生活质量。     

原发性胃癌患者术后体质指数与预后的关系研究

目的 探讨原发性胃癌（PGC）患者术后体质指数（BMI）与预后的关系。方法 选取巴中市中心医院2011年1月至2016年12 月收治的362例PGC患者作为研究对象,根据BMI中国标准分为低体重（BMI<18.5 kg/m2 ）、正常体重（BMI 18.5~23.9 kg/m2 ）、超重（BMI 24.0~27.9 kg/m2 ）、肥胖（BMI≥28.0 kg/m2）四组,采用Kaplan⁃Meier法计算生存期和无病生存期,4组间的差异比较采用Log⁃rank检验, 采用Cox比例风险模型进行预后影响因素分析。结果 低体重、正常体重、超重和肥胖的PGC的3年无病生存率分别为：90.0%、77.4%、 78.9%和79.8%,经Log⁃rank检验,组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.110, P=0.832）;低体重、正常体重、超重和肥胖的PGC的5年总生存率 分别为：32.3%、86.9%、71.5%和69.0%,经Log⁃rank检验,组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.616, P=0.027）,且进一步两两比较发现,低体 重和肥胖患者的总生存率水平最低。多因素分析显示,相对于正常体重患者,肥胖（BMI≥28.0 kg/m2）患者（RR=1.559,95%CI= 1.262~ 2.420, P=0.022）、体重过低（BMI≤18.5 kg/m2）患者（RR=3.385,95%CI=1.698~6.767, P=0.002）是影响PGC患者术后生存的独立危险 因素。结论 术后体重过低及肥胖可作为影响原发性胃癌生存率的独立影响因素。     

胃食管吻合及浆肌层内翻缝合包埋处理对食管癌患者术后并发症的影响研究

目的 探讨胃食管吻合及浆肌层内翻缝合包埋处理对食管癌患者术后并发症的影响.方法 选取接受治疗且手术前确诊为食管癌,并行食管癌切除和胃食管吻合手术的患者177例,其中65例患者行单纯胃食管吻合术,设为对照组;112例患者在胃食管吻合术基础上进行吻合口浆肌层的内翻缝合包埋,设为观察组;比较两组患者手术后切口感染、吻合口瘘、肺部感染、喉返神经受损和乳糜胸发生情况,手术后1个月食管X线钡餐检测测量吻合口狭窄、吻合口直径和反流反酸、吞咽困难的评分状况.结果 术后观察组患者吻合口直径小于对照组,吻合口狭窄发生情况多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);两组患者术后并发症发生情况及围手术期内死亡情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);对照组患者术后吞咽困难评分优于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),两组患者反流反酸评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 吻合口浆肌层内翻缝合包埋对防止出现吻合口瘘没有临床意义,无法使患者术后吻合口瘘发生率降低,同时使术后出现吻合口狭窄的概率增大.     

改良管状胃代替食管对胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术患者肺功能及术后并发症的影响

目的 探讨改良管状胃代替食管对胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术患者肺功能及术后并发症的影响.方法 根据手术方式的不同将150例食管癌患者分为对照组(n=78)和改良组(n=72),对照组患者胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术中给予管状胃代替食管,改良组患者胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术中给予改良管状胃代替食管.比较两组患者的围手术期指标(手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间)、肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大通气量(MVV)]及并发症发生情况.结果 改良组患者手术时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P﹤0.05),术中出血量低于对照组(P﹤0.05).术后1、3周,改良组患者FEV1、VC、MVV均明显高于对照组(P﹤0.01).改良组患者的并发症总发生率为9.72％,低于对照组患者的21.79％(P﹤0.05).结论 改良管状胃代替食管可缩短胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术患者的手术时间、住院时间,降低并发症发生率、术中出血量,促进患者肺功能的恢复.     

食管癌患者术后发生肺部并发症的影响因素分析

目的 探讨食管癌患者术后发生肺部并发症的影响因素.方法 收集265例接受食管癌根治术的食管癌患者的病历资料,统计患者的术后肺部并发症发生情况,采用Logistic回归模型分析食管癌患者术后发生肺部并发症的影响因素.结果 265例患者中,术后出现肺部并发症41例(15.47％).单因素分析结果显示,年龄、第1秒用力呼气容...     

The role of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for lymph node-positive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis

The prognosis of patients with lymph node-positive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who primarily receive radical esophagectomy remains poor. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the role of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel- or paclitaxel-based regimens in these patients. A total of 434 consecutive patients were included in this study who underwent radical esophagectomy and were pathologically confirmed to have lymph node-positive ESCC from January 2005 to December 2010 in our institution. Among these patients, 113 patients received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (Group SC), and 321 patients underwent surgery alone (Group S). Propensity score matching and multivariate analyses were used to compensate for differences in some baseline characteristics. After matching, Group SC had significantly longer median disease-free survival (DFS) than that in Group S (23.63 months vs. 16.70 months; p = 0.006); further subset analysis revealed that a benefit regarding DFS was only associated with patients with N1 stage and with tumor length <4.5 cm. The median overall survival (OS) was similar between the two groups (38.57 months for Group SC vs. 25.27 months for Group S; p = 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative chemotherapy, length of the tumor, T status, and N category were significantly independent predictive factors of tumor recurrence (p < 0.05). Our data suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel- or paclitaxel-based regimens could significantly improve DFS for patients with N1 stage and tumor length <4.5 cm ESCC and that it could potentially prolong OS for patients with lymph node-positive ESCC after surgery, compared with surgery alone. These results warrant further confirmation in prospective, randomized trials.     

肌少症对食管鳞癌术后复发患者放化疗不良反应及预后影响

目的 探讨基于定位CT分析肌少症对食管鳞癌术后复发患者放化疗期间不良反应及预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2016—2017年于淮安市第一人民医院行放化疗的147例食管鳞癌术后局部复发患者,依据模拟定位CT勾画计算主动脉弓上缘水平横断面双侧胸肌面积（PMA）。PMA身高校正（PMA/身高²）得出胸肌指数（PMI）。将男女患者分别依据PMI三分位数分组,其中低PMI者（男性<11.55 cm²/m²,女性<8.69 cm²/m²）为肌少症组。比较肌少症组与非肌少症组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率及1年和3年总生存（OS）率的差异。结果 147例患者中49例（33.3%）存在肌肉减少,该类患者3‐4级不良反应发生率显著高于非肌少症患者（40.8%∶18.4%,P=0.005）。肌少症患者1年和3年OS（61.2%和10.2%）显著低于非肌少症患者（82.7%和28.6%）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）,多因素分析证实肌少症是预测不良预后的独立危险因素（P<0.001）。结论 基于定位CT获得的PMI在诊断肌少症方面具有较好的临床价值,可能可以作为诊断肌少症的新工具。     

肌少症对食管鳞癌术后复发患者放化疗不良反应及预后影响北大核心CSCD

目的探讨基于定位CT分析肌少症对食管鳞癌术后复发患者放化疗期间不良反应及预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2016—2017年于淮安市第一人民医院行放化疗的147例食管鳞癌术后局部复发患者,依据模拟定位CT勾画计算主动脉弓上缘水平横断面双侧胸肌面积(PMA)。PMA身高校正(PMA/身高2)得出胸肌指数(PMI)。将男女患者分别依据PMI三分位数分组,其中低PMI者(男性<11.55 cm^(2)/m^(2),女性<8.69 cm^(2)/m^(2))为肌少症组。比较肌少症组与非肌少症组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率及1年和3年总生存(OS)率的差异。结果147例患者中49例(33.3%)存在肌肉减少,该类患者3-4级不良反应发生率显著高于非肌少症患者(40.8%∶18.4%,P=0.005)。肌少症患者1年和3年OS(61.2%和10.2%)显著低于非肌少症患者(82.7%和28.6%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),多因素分析证实肌少症是预测不良预后的独立危险因素(P<0.001)。结论基于定位CT获得的PMI在诊断肌少症方面具有较好的临床价值,可能可以作为诊断肌少症的新工具。     

Comparison between surgery and definitive chemoradiotherapy for patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a propensity score analysis

Purpose

Our intent was to compare survival following neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery versus chemoradiotherapy (CRT) among patients with potentially resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

Information about 406 consecutive esophageal cancer patients with resectable disease who underwent surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil or who underwent definitive CRT was reviewed. The survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and propensity score-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Relevant variables were included in the propensity score model.

Results

Overall, 206 patients planned to undergo surgery (S group) and 200 patients planned to undergo CRT (CRT group). In the unadjusted situation, progression-free survival and overall survival did not differ statistically between the groups. After matching, both survival outcomes were better in the S group compared to the CRT group. Subanalysis showed both survival outcomes were better in the S group for patients with only stage III disease. However, survival outcomes for stages I, II, and IV were not significantly different between treatment groups.

Conclusions

Among patients with resectable disease, survival outcomes in the S group were favored over those of the CRT group. These results indicate that different therapeutic strategies should be used for stage III esophageal cancer than for other stages.

     

术前平均血小板体积预测老年食管鳞癌患者术后生存情况的价值

目的:探讨术前平均血小板体积(MPV)预测老年食管鳞癌患者术后生存情况的价值。方法:纳入2014年1月-2016年12月在我院接受手术治疗的259例老年食管鳞癌患者作为研究对象,绘制术前MPV预测老年食管鳞癌患者术后生存情况的ROC曲线,获得术前MPV的最佳诊断截点,根据术前MPV的最佳诊断截点将所有患者分为两组,Logistic模型估计每个患者的倾向性评分,运用1∶1最近邻居倾向性匹配评分(PSM)法将两组中的倾向性评分最为相近的两个患者进行配对,比较匹配前后两组间各临床病理指标的均衡性,Kaplan-Meier生存分析比较匹配后两组患者术后无病生存率和总生存率,Cox回归模型进行敏感性分析,验证匹配后术前MPV对老年食管鳞癌术后生存情况的预测价值。结果:259例老年食管鳞癌患者术后1年、3年、5年无病生存率和总生存率分别为60.3%、41.9%、25.1%和86.1%、62.6%、43.2%,ROC分析结果显示,术前MVP预测老年食管鳞状细胞癌患者术后生存情况的AUC 为 0.835(95%CI:0.776~0.897),最佳诊断截点为12.7 fL,相应的灵敏度和特异度分别为83.6%和85.4%,根据术前MPV的最佳诊断截点,将所有患者分别分为MPV≥12.7 fL组112例(43.2%)和MPV<12.7 fL组147例(56.8%),采用1∶1最近邻居 PSM法,结果两组共65对匹配成功,匹配后两组肿瘤直径、胸膜粘连、TNM/T分期、淋巴结转移、淋巴结转移数目、脉管癌栓6个指标比较均无明显差异,两组间各指标分布的均衡性得到了明显的提高(P>0.05),Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,匹配后MPV≥12.7 fL组患者术后1年、3年、5年无病生存率明显低于MPV<12.7 fL组(51.6%、23.8%、18.5% vs 66.5%、48.8%、32.7%,χ2/P=5.789/0.024),MPV≥12.7 fL组患者术后1年、3年、5年总生存率明显低于MPV<12.7 fL组(85.6%、51.8%、32.5% vs 92.5%、72.8%、51.7%,χ2/P=5.674/0.026),Cox回归分析显示,老年食管鳞癌患者术前MVP每增加1 fL,患者术后5年内肿瘤复发转移的风险增加0.895倍,患者术后5年内死亡的风险增加1.016倍。结论:MPV作为活化血小板的评价指标可用于评估老年食管鳞癌患者术后的生存情况,并且具有较高的预测价值。     

Impact of anastomotic leakage on postoperative survival of patients with colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis using propensity score matching studies

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of anastomotic leakage (AL) on postoperative survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).BackgroundAlthough several studies have compared the postoperative survival of patients with CRC with and without AL, the background characteristics of the two groups were not aligned in most studies.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive electronic search of the literature up to March 2020 to identify propensity score matching (PSM) studies that compared postoperative survival between CRC patients with and without AL. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity was analyzed using I (Akiyoshi et al., 2011) [2] statistics.ResultsFour PSM studies involving a total of 1676 patients with CRC undergoing surgery were included in this meta-analysis. Among 234 patients who had AL, 163 (69.7%) survived at 5 years after surgery, whereas among 1422 patients who did not have AL, 1156 (81.3%) survived at 5 years after surgery. Background characteristics of the two groups were adjusted with PSM in all 4 studies. The result of the meta-analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.09–2.45; P = 0.02; I² = 66%) in 5-year overall survival (OS).ConclusionsThe results of this meta-analysis demonstrate a significantly decreased 5-year OS in patients with CRC who had AL compared with patients with CRC who did not have AL.     

The effects of body mass index on complications and survival outcomes in patients with cervical carcinoma undergoing curative chemoradiation therapy

BACKGROUND:

The effect of body mass index (BMI) on treatment outcomes for patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma who receive definitive chemoradiation is unclear.

METHODS:

The cohort in this study included all patients with cervical carcinoma (n = 404) who had stage IB₁ disease and positive lymph nodes or stage ≥IB₂ disease and received treatment at the authors' facility between January 1998 and January 2008. The mean follow‐up was 47.2 months. BMI was calculated using the National Institute of Health online calculator. BMI categories were created according to the World Health Organization classification system. Primary outcomes were overall survival, disease‐free survival, and complication rate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were generated and compared using Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS:

On multivariate analysis, compared with normal weight (BMI 18.5‐24.9 kg/m²), a BMI <18.5 kg/m² was associated with decreased overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.28‐4.38; P < .01). The 5‐year overall survival rate was 33%, 60%, and 68% for a of BMI <18.5 kg/m², a BMI from 18.5 kg/m² to 24.9 kg/m², and a BMI >24.9 kg/m², respectively. A BMI <18.5 kg/m² was associated with increased risk of grade 3 or 4 complications compared with a BMI >24.9 kg/m² (radiation enteritis: 16.7% vs 13.6%, respectively; P = .03; fistula: 11.1% vs 8.8%, respectively; P = .05; bowel obstruction: 33.3% vs 4.4%, respectively; P < .001; lymphedema: 5.6% vs 1.2%, respectively; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

Underweight patients (BMI <18.5 kg/m²) with locally advanced cervical cancer had diminished overall survival and more complications than normal weight and obese patients. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

Biomarkers of apoptosis and survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background  

Cancer of the esophagus is a deadly malignancy, and development of biomarkers that predict survival is an urgent need. The apoptotic pathways have been hypothesized as important in progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated a panel of proteins that regulate apoptosis as candidate of biomarkers of prognosis in ESCC.