荧光膀胱镜在尿路上皮膀胱癌中的诊断价值

目的:评估以5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-aminolevulinic acid, 5-ALA)作为荧光剂的荧光膀胱镜检查对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的诊断价值。方法:按照筛除纳入标准,纳入97名研究对象,膀胱灌注50 mL浓度为3%的5-ALA溶液,保留1小时后,排空膀胱后置入膀胱镜,分别在普通白光和荧光下观察,对白光和/或荧光下显示阳性或可疑区域取组织做病理活检,同时行电切术。结果:97例患者中,19例患者普通白光膀胱镜及荧光膀胱镜下检查均为阴性,剩余78例患者取156处组织进行活检,平均每例患者取2块组织。结果显示97处病理报告为尿路上皮癌。经计算得出荧光膀胱镜的敏感性为91.75%(89/97),特异性为64.41%(38/59);普通白光膀胱镜的敏感性为71.13%(69/97),特异性55.93%(33/59);P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论:荧光膀胱镜在诊断尿路上皮膀胱癌上的敏感性和特异性均显著高于普通白光膀胱镜,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

THP定位诊断早期非肌层浸润性膀胱癌

目的:研究THP(吡柔比星)对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌早期的定位诊断效果。方法:选择35例已诊断膀胱癌或高度怀疑尿路上皮癌患者。病人术前及术后复查时,30mgTHP溶入50ml 5%葡萄糖液中,灌入已排空的膀胱中,保留15分钟,排出THP,彻底冲洗膀胱。普通膀胱镜检查,有THP吸收的非肿瘤区域取活检,无THP吸收的部位随机活检。结果:35例患者中存在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌早期的共6例。结论:THP对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌早期的定位诊断效果明确,安全性好。     

THP定位诊断早期非肌层浸润性膀胱癌

目的：研究THP（吡柔比星）对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌早期的定位诊断效果。方法：选择35例已诊断膀胱癌或高度怀疑尿路上皮癌患者。病人术前及术后复查时,30mgTHP溶入50m15％葡萄糖液中,灌入已排空的膀胱中,保留15分钟,排出THP,彻底冲洗膀胱。普通膀胱镜检查,有THP吸收的非肿瘤区域取活检,无THP吸收的部位随机活检。结果：35例患者中存在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌早期的共6例。结论：THP对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌早期的定位诊断效果明确,安全性好。     

绿激光联合THP术前膀胱灌注对治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效分析

目的:评价经尿道绿激光联合盐酸吡柔比星(THP)术前膀胱灌注对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。方法:选取50例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,随机分为绿激光联合术前THP膀胱灌注组28例与单纯绿激光组22例。对两组病变检出率,术后复发率等指标进行比较。结果:两组病例均一次手术成功。绿激光联合术前THP膀胱灌注组对病变检出率、术后复发率与单存绿激光组进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:绿激光联合术前膀胱灌注盐酸吡柔比星(THP)可提高非肌层浸润性膀胱癌病变检出减少、漏诊漏治,降低术后复发率。     

绿激光联合THP术前膀胱灌注对治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效分析

目的：评价经尿道绿激光联合盐酸吡柔比星（THP）术前膀胱灌注对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。方法：选取50例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,随机分为绿激光联合术前THP膀胱灌注组28例与单纯绿激光组22例。对两组病变检出率,术后复发率等指标进行比较。结果：两组病例均一次手术成功。绿激光联合术前THP膀胱灌注组对病变检出率、术后复发率与单存绿激光组进行比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：绿激光联合术前膀胱灌注盐酸吡柔比星（THP）可提高非肌层浸润性膀胱癌病变检出减少、漏诊漏治,降低术后复发率。     

口服水飞蓟宾胶囊联合吡柔比星膀胱灌注对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者术后复发的影响

目的:观察口服水飞蓟宾胶囊联合吡柔比星膀胱灌注对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者术后复发的影响。方法:将非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者124例患者随机分为对照组62例和观察组62例,对照组给予吡柔比星膀胱灌注,观察组给予口服水飞蓟宾胶囊联合吡柔比星膀胱灌注。单因素分析性别、年龄、血尿、吸烟、肿瘤数目、肿瘤大小、肿瘤病理分级、肿瘤分期、水飞蓟宾联合吡柔比星对膀胱肿瘤复发的影响。将单因素分析可能影响肿瘤复发的因素纳入多因素Cox回归分析独立影响肿瘤复发的因素。结果:单因素分析结果提示肿瘤数目、肿瘤大小、肿瘤病理分级、肿瘤分期、水飞蓟宾联合吡柔比星可能是影响膀胱肿瘤复发的因素（P＜0.05）;多因素Cox回归分析显示肿瘤多发、T1是非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）,水飞蓟宾联合吡柔比星是非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的独立保护因素（P＜0.01）。结论:口服水飞蓟宾胶囊联合吡柔比星膀胱灌注对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌TUR-BT术后复发的预防效果较好,可减少患者术后早期复发率,且不增加不良反应,较为安全,值得临床推广应用。     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的应用价值

  目的  探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术（transurethral enucleation of bladder tumor,TUEBT）治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（non muscle-invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC）的安全性及疗效。  方法  回顾性分析2015年11月至2018年1月82例锦州医科大学附属第一医院NMIBC患者的临床病理资料,根据手术方式分为TUEBT组38例和经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT）组44例,比较两组的术中和术后指标及病理情况。  结果  TUEBT组膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间及术后住院时间分别为（21.00±3.55）h、（4.34±0.81）d、（5.29±0.96）d,少于TURBT组的（27.57±3.87）h、（5.32±0.83）d、（6.32±0.86）d,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。TUEBT组手术时间为（29.55±4.13）min,长于TURBT组的（25.30±4.01）min;TUEBT组血红蛋白减少量为（2.00±0.38）g/dL,少于TURBT组的（2.30±0.32）g/dL;TUEBT组闭孔神经反射发生率为13.16%（5/38）,低于TURBT组的34.09%（15/44）;TUEBT组复发率为10.53%（4/38）,低于TURBT组的29.55%（13/44）;TUEBT组肌层缺失率为0（0/38）,低于TURBT组的31.82%（14/44）;TUEBT组符合二次经尿道切除术（repeat transurethral resection,ReTUR）标准例数为22例、TURBT组为33例,其中因肌层缺失而需ReTUR的TUEBT组为0、TURBT组为14例,TURBT组明显多于TUEBT组;两组比较差异均具有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。  结论  TUEBT能够完整剜除肿瘤,保留肌层,提高病理分期的准确性,降低ReTUR概率,对NMIBC可获得满意的临床效果,其手术安全性及远期疗效与TURBT相比更具有优势。      

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌新型灌注药物的研究进展

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）指局限于黏膜和黏膜下的膀胱恶性肿瘤.NMIBC具有高复发性,且有可能进展为肌层浸润性膀胱癌,术后的辅助腔内灌注治疗可使部分患者获益.目前临床上用于膀胱灌注的药物很多,但寻找出更加有效、安全的新型膀胱灌注药物一直是研究热点.     

术前白蛋白与纤维蛋白原比值对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者预后的价值

目的:探讨术前白蛋白与纤维蛋白原比值（AFR）与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者预后的关系。方法:回顾性分析于我院行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术的205名非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者的临床资料,根据受试者工作曲线确定AFR最佳临界值为12.127,并将患者分为高AFR组（n=136）和低AFR组（n=69）。并分析AFR水平与膀胱癌患者临床资料及预后的关系。构建患者术后无复发列线图,并利用Bootstrap法计算一致性指数（C指数）以及校准曲线对其预测精准度及一致性进行验证。结果:低AFR组患者具有更高的糖尿病患病率、更大的肿瘤体积、更多肿瘤数量以及更差的组织学分级（P<0.05）。低AFR组患者的无复发生存时间较高AFR组明显缩短。COX多因素分析提示肿瘤分化程度（HR=0.530,95%CI:0.314~0.895,P=0.017）及AFR<12.127（HR=0.275,95%CI:0.161~0.471,P<0.001）是影响患者术后复发的独立危险因素。结论:AFR是非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者的预后不良因素,对预后有一定预测价值。     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效分析

目的探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。方法采用随机数字表法将98例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者分为观察组和对照组,每组49例,观察组患者接受经尿道膀胱肿瘤整块切除术,对照组患者接受经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)。比较两组患者的围手术期相关指标(手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、留置导尿管时间、膀胱冲洗时间),术前及术后3个月的血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、重组人Dickkopf相关蛋白1(DKK1)、人类软骨糖蛋白-39(YKL40)水平及手术相关并发症的发生率。结果观察组患者的手术时间、住院时间、留置导尿管时间、膀胱冲洗时间均明显短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术前,两组患者的血清VEGF、DKK1、YKL40水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。术后3个月,两组患者的血清VEGF、DKK1、YKL40水平均较本组术前降低(P﹤0.05);术后3个月,两组患者的血清VEGF、DKK1、YKL40水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。观察组患者的并发症总发生率为4.08%,低于对照组的16.33%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论经尿道膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的效果与TURBT相当,但创伤更小、术后恢复更快、并发症更少。     

Comparison between intravesical and oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid in the clinical benefit of photodynamic diagnosis for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer

BACKGROUND:

This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical value of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) with intravesical and oral instillation of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) (ALA‐PDD), and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) guided by ALA‐PDD (PDD‐TURBT) for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

METHODS:

Of all 210 cases, 75 underwent PDD with intravesically applied ALA, and 135 cases underwent PDD with orally applied ALA. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by comparing the level on images of ALA‐induced fluorescence with the pathological result. PDD‐TURBT was performed in 99 completely resectable cases corresponding to 210 ALA‐PDD cases. To evaluate the abilities of PDD‐TURBT, survival analysis regarding intravesical recurrence was retrospectively compared with the historical control cases that underwent conventional TURBT.

RESULTS:

The diagnostic accuracy and capability of ALA‐PDD were significantly superior to those of conventional endoscopic examination. Moreover, 72.1% of flat lesions, including dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, could be detected only by ALA‐PDD. The recurrence‐free survival rate in the cases that underwent PDD‐TURBT was significantly higher than that of conventional TURBT. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that the only independent factor contributing to improving prognosis was PDD‐TURBT (hazard ratio, 0.578; P = .012). Regardless of the ALA administration route, there was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy, ability of PDD, or recurrence‐free survival. All procedures were well tolerated by all patients without any severe adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS:

This multicenter study is likely to be biased, because it is limited by the retrospective analysis. This study suggests that regardless of the ALA administration route, ALA‐PDD and PDD‐TURBT are remarkably helpful in detection and intraoperative navigation programs. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

Hexyl aminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy in bladder cancer

Although bladder cancer occurs frequently, early diagnosis and complete removal of malignant lesions usually lead to good clinical outcomes. In the USA, white light cystoscopy (WLC) is commonly used for bladder cancer diagnosis and guidance of the surgical resection. However, with WLC malignant and precancerous lesions may be missed, resulting in a high rate of disease recurrence. Monitoring for and treating these recurrences carry high direct and indirect costs. Because hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL; 5-ALA-hexylester) fluorescence cystoscopy has greater sensitivity than WLC, especially for detecting early stage lesions, and its use provides more complete resection and lower disease recurrence, it has been recommended in European clinical guidelines. This article reports our own HAL experiences and first time recurrence data, describes how HAL was developed, provides key clinical trial results, and discusses how HAL, which has revolutionized fluorescence cystoscopy and bladder cancer care in Europe, may ultimately revolutionize bladder cancer care in the USA.     

Novel combination markers for predicting progression of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer

To identify prognostic markers in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the combined effect of RUNX3 and MGC17624 for predicting NMIBC progression was assessed. RUNX3 promoter methylation was examined using methylation specific-polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR). MGC17624 mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. Patients were divided into three groups according to the status of the two genes and the prognostic effects of these markers were evaluated. The median follow-up period was 57.8 months (range, 9.1-189.7). The mRNA expression level of MGC17624 was significantly lower in patients with positive RUNX3 methylation than in those with negative methylation (p = 0.047). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed significant differences in time-to-progression between the genetic combination predictors (log-rank test; p < 0.001). Patients with a poor predictive combination were at a significantly higher risk for progression [Hazard ratio (HR), 22.579] than patients with a good predictive combination in multivariate Cox regression analysis. In the subgroup analysis, a poor predictive combination accurately estimated progression in patients with intravesical therapy (HR, 20.081) and in those who experienced recurrence (HR, 54.233). Assessment of the status of RUNX3 and MGC17624 in combination was identified as a reliable method for predicting NMIBC progression.     

Detection and clinical outcome of urinary bladder cancer with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence cystoscopy : A multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

BACKGROUND:

The medical community lacks results from prospective controlled multicenter studies of the diagnostic efficacy of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) cystoscopy on tumor recurrence in patients with superficial bladder tumors.

METHODS:

A prospective randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted in 370 patients with nonmuscle‐invasive urinary bladder carcinoma who received either 5‐ALA (n = 187) or a placebo (n = 183) intravesically before cystoscopy. Each group underwent cystoscopy under visible white light and under fluorescent light followed by transurethral tumor resection. The primary study objective was to evaluate the 12‐month recurrence‐free survival.

RESULTS:

Slightly more patients with tumors were detected by using 5‐ALA than by using the placebo (88.5% vs 84.7%). The mean numbers of tumor specimens per patient were 1.8 (5‐ALA) and 1.6 (placebo). Intrapatient comparison of fluorescent light versus white light cystoscopy in patients randomized to receive 5‐ALA showed a higher tumor detection rate with fluorescent light than with white light cystoscopy. In patients receiving 5‐ALA cystoscopy, the percentage of lesions that would not have been detected in these patients by white light cystoscopy ranged between 10.9% (pT1) and 55.9% (atypia). Progression‐free survival was 89.4% (5‐ALA) and 89.0% (placebo) (P = .9101), and recurrence‐free survival 12 months after tumor resection was 64.0% (5‐ALA) and 72.8% (placebo) (P = .2216).

CONCLUSIONS:

In comparison to the placebo, 5‐ALA cystoscopy did not increase the rates of recurrence‐free or progression‐free survival 12 months after tumor resection. Although more tumors per patient were detected in the 5‐ALA group, the higher detection rate did not translate into differences in long‐term outcome. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

超声及钼靶X线对乳腺导管内癌与乳腺浸润性导管癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨乳腺导管内癌（ductal caicinoma in situ,DCIS）与乳腺浸润性导管癌（invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC）的超声及钼靶X线影像特征差异。方法:回顾性分析160例患者（包括62例DCIS患者及98例IDC患者）的超声及钼靶X线资料。结果:161个乳腺病灶中,有62个DCIS病灶（DCIS组）及99个IDC病灶（IDC组）。超声对IDC组病灶的检出率明显高于DCIS组,两组间的检出率有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组间病灶超声表现中形状、边界、边缘特征及血流信号差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。钼靶X线在两组病灶检出率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组间病灶钼靶X线表现形状及边缘特征的例数差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对于DCIS组,超声及钼靶X线病灶的检出率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在病灶边缘及乳腺腺体内钙化检出率这些方面,两种方法有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:乳腺钼靶X线对DCIS腺体内钙化灶诊断率较高,乳腺超声对DCIS病灶检出、病灶边缘特征显示具有诊断优势。     

膀胱白斑病24例诊治体会

目的：探讨膀胱白斑临床特点及诊断与治疗方法.方法：系统性回顾分析24例患者临床资料.结果：24例患者经治疗临床症状消失,随访3个月-3年,未见复发及恶变者.结论：膀胱镜检查及病理活检是早期发现和诊断膀胱白斑的首选方法,经尿道电灼术和术后膀胱定期灌注化疗是治疗膀胱白斑和预防其恶变最有效的方法.