食管静脉曲张 EVL 与 EVL-EVS 治疗疗效对比

目的：比较食管静脉曲张单一结扎治疗与结扎-硬化序贯治疗的临床疗效。方法将156例食管静脉曲张患者随机分为两组，分别采用经内镜结扎治疗或经内镜结扎-硬化序贯治疗，于治疗后6-12个月复查，比较两组治疗效果。结果单一静脉结扎组总有效率为74.1％，结扎-硬化序贯治疗组总有效率为93.7％，两组总有效率有显著性差异；单一静脉结扎组和结扎-硬化序贯治疗组并发症：胸痛分别为22.1％、20.3％，急性食管出血5.2％、1.3％，两组无显著性差异。结论食管静脉曲张结扎-硬化序贯治疗较单一结扎治疗疗效高，安全性好。     

内镜下组织黏合剂栓塞术治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床研究

目的比较内镜下套扎法及组织黏合剂注射法治疗肝硬化胃底静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法将154例肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张患者随机分为内镜下套扎组(对照组)及组织黏合剂注射组(观察组),观察两组患者的再次出血发生率、曲张静脉改善有效率及并发症的发生率。结果两组患者手术均成功,均无严重的并发症发生。随访9个月,观察组3、6、9个月内再出血发生率明显低于对照组,而曲张静脉改善的有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论内镜下注射组织黏合剂能更加有效的预防再出血的发生,其临床疗效更为确切,可作为治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的首选方法。     

内镜下食管静脉曲张及其出血治疗的护理体会

食管静脉曲张破裂出血是肝硬化病人的主要并发症和致死原因,内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术是目前预防和治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的有效方法之一,预防和治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血是降低死亡率的关键,而内镜下套扎治疗已经代替了硬化疗法成为现在急性静脉曲张出血的最普遍的治疗方法。近年来,我院消化内镜中心用六连发套扎器对该类患者进行了治疗和护理,取得了良好的疗效,现报告如下。     

和血明目片联合雷珠单抗治疗湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性的临床效果

 目的 观察和血明目片联合抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)药物雷珠单抗治疗湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(wet age-related macular degeneration, wAMD)的临床效果。方法 选择2016-06至2018-06收治的96例(96只眼)wAMD患者,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组48例(48只眼)。治疗组给予雷珠单抗球内注射联合和血明目片口服治疗,对照组仅给予雷珠单抗球内注射治疗。两组均连续治疗3个月,治疗结束后随访3个月,观察最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、黄斑区视网膜中央厚度(central retinal thickness,CRT)、黄斑出血面积、渗出面积及累积损伤面积等情况,随访结束后黄斑水肿复发情况,并进行统计学评价。结果 (1)BCVA:治疗3个月后,两组均比治疗前升高(t=8.320,t=4.689,P＜0.01),且治疗组高于对照组(t=2.509,P＜0.01);随访3个月后,两组均比治疗前高,差异有统计学意义(t=7.909,t=3.808,P＜0.01),且治疗组高于对照组(t=3.164,P＜0.01)。(2)CRT:治疗3个月后,两组均低于治疗前(t=16.864,t=14.175,P＜0.01),但两组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.402);随访3个月后,两组均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(t=14.478,P＜0.01),且治疗组低于对照组(t=2.687,P＜0.05)。(3)治疗后3个月,两组眼底出血、渗出及总的累积损伤面积均较治疗前明显缩小(P均＜0.05),且治疗组眼底出血面积(t=2.893,P＜0.05)和累积损伤面积缩小幅度(t=2.164,P＜0.05)较对照组更明显,均有统计学意义。(4)两组复发率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.937,P＜0.05)。结论 抗VEGF球内注射联合和血明目片治疗wAMD的临床疗效肯定,联合治疗在控制黄斑出血及水肿复发方面有优势。     

国产组织胶内镜下注射联合套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的临床应用

目的探讨国产组织胶内镜下注射联合套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的临床效果。方法24例食管胃底静脉曲张患者。分三种方法治疗：（1）套扎＋组织胶注射1次完成10例;（2）套扎与组织胶注射分次完成10例;（3）采用组织胶直接注射治疗4例。结果4例活动性出血经治疗均即刻止血,成功率100％,10例套扎＋组织胶注射1次完成者,食管和胃底静脉曲张治疗总有效率100％;10例套扎＋组织胶分次完成者,食管静脉曲张治疗总有效率90％,胃底静脉总有效率80％,两组疗效比较无统计学意义;并发症：总发生率12．5％（3／24）,2例注射完拔针后少许出血,1例术后2周排胶出血,经适当处理均止血。结论国产组织胶注射联合套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张和／或出血,近期疗效可靠、操作安全,并发症少而轻。     

团体认知行为治疗青少年网络成瘾综合征的疗效

 目的 探讨团体认知行为治疗对青少年网络成瘾患者的疗效。方法 将130例青少年网络成瘾患者随机分为团体认知行为治疗组(研究组)和对照组,各65例。对照组给予一般心理治疗。研究组在一般心理治疗的基础上给予团体认知行为治疗,每周3次,2 h/次,疗程为16周。在治疗前后进行中文网络成瘾量表(CIAS)、应对方式问卷(CSQ)和自我和谐量表(SCCS)评价治疗效果。结果 治疗前研究组与对照组CIAS、CSQ和SCCS得分比较,差异无统计学意义。在治疗结束时,研究组(33.7±6.2)和对照组(41.5±7.8)CIAS总分均较治疗前明显下降(P＜0.01)。两组间比较,研究组CIAS得分低于对照组(P＜0.01), CSQ中的自责、幻想、退避因子得分低于对照组(P＜0.01);SCCS中自我与经验的不和谐得分低于对照组(P＜0.01),自我的灵活性得分高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 团体认知行为治疗青少年网络成瘾效果显著,更有利于改善应对方式、提高自我和谐度。     

高通量血液透析对终末期肾衰竭患者细胞免疫、钙磷代谢及β2-MG的影响

 目的 研究高通量血液透析对终末期肾衰竭患者细胞免疫、钙磷代谢以及β₂-微球蛋白(β₂-Microglobulin,β₂-MG)的影响。方法 选取2017-04至2019-04于医院肾内科收治的157例终末期肾衰竭患者作为研究对象,根据患者透析方案进行分组,其中采用高通量血液透析的76例患者作为观察组,采用常规血液透析的81例患者作为对照组,比较两组患者治疗前后生化指标、细胞免疫、β₂-MG以及钙磷代谢情况。结果 治疗后观察组SCr水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),观察组BUN、ALB以及Hb水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)。治疗后观察组患者血磷、iPTH水平以及β₂-MG水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),观察组患者血钙明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)。治疗后观察组患者CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组患者治疗后生活质量评分明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 高通量血液透析能够改善终末期肾衰竭患者机体的免疫功能、钙磷代谢以及β₂-MG情况,可作为临床改善终末期肾衰竭患者生活质量以及延长生存期的有效治疗措施。     

碳酸司维拉姆治疗维持性透析患者高磷血症的有效性和安全性

 目的 评价碳酸司维拉姆治疗维持性血液透析(MHD)合并高磷血症的有效性和安全性。方法 选取2017-05至2018-01陆军总医院MHD合并高磷血症患者共81例,随机分为试验组和对照组,两组在常规治疗基础上分别应用碳酸司维拉姆(n＝39)和醋酸钙(n＝42)进行治疗,观察6个月,记录两组患者血磷、血钙、钙磷乘积、甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)及低密度脂蛋白水平,同时记录不良反应。结果 (1)试验组治疗后2、4、6个月血清磷明显降低(P＜0.05),对照组治疗后4、6个月明显降低(P＜0.05)。两组间对比,试验组在治疗2个月时水平低于对照组(P＜0.05)。(2)试验组治疗2、4、6个月时血清钙水平无明显变化,对照组治疗4、6个月时较治疗前有所增加(P＜0.05),试验组在治疗6个月时水平低于对照组(P＜0.05)。(3)试验组在治疗2、4、6个月后钙磷乘积水平明显下降(P＜0.05),对照组在治疗6个月后水平较治疗前下降(P＜0.05),试验组在治疗6个月时水平低于对照组(P＜0.05)。(4)两组治疗后iPTH水平均显著降低(P＜0.05)。(5)试验组低密度脂蛋白在治疗6个月后较治疗前明显降低(P＜0.05),对照组治疗6个月后无明显变化。(6)两组间不良反应发生率无统计学差异。结论 碳酸司维拉姆能安全有效地用于治疗维持性透析患者高磷血症,并且在降低钙磷乘积和低密度脂蛋白方面和醋酸钙相比有一定优势。     

横突上嵴椎弓根螺钉置入治疗胸椎骨折的疗效

 目的 探讨采用横突上嵴椎弓根螺钉置入治疗胸椎骨折的临床效果。方法 对本院骨科2012-02至2014-12收治的73例胸椎骨折患者的诊治及随访资料进行分析,根据手术方法分为研究组(39例,采用横突上塉椎弓根螺钉置入治疗)和对照组(34例,采用传统植钉法置入治疗),对两组患者的手术情况及术后12个月的随访情况进行比较分析。结果 研究组的手术时间(189.5±27.9)min、术中出血量(420.4±61.5)ml均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。研究组在术后即刻、末次随访时的椎体前缘高度(36.1±1.5)mm、椎体后缘高度(36.2±1.5)mm均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。术后即刻研究组的Cobb角(4.1±0.7)°显著小于对照组的(6.2±0.8)°(P＜0.05),术后末次随访研究组的Cobb角丢失度为(2.3±0.5)°显著小于对照组的(3.9±0.8)°(P＜0.05)。研究组的术后并发症率为10.25%低于对照组的14.71%但两组差异无统计学意义。结论 采用横突上塉椎弓根螺钉置入治疗胸椎骨折较传统置钉法置入术能够显著缩短手术时间、减少术中出血,有利于术后患者的恢复且疗效可靠。     

影响内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术疗效的危险因素分析

目的 研究影响内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术内镜下套扎术(EVL)疗效的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析140例行EVL患者的临床资料,寻找影响EVL疗效的危险因素.结果 早期再出血组与未出血组的出血次数、Grade分级、Child-Pugh分级、门静脉宽度、曲张静脉根数、结扎静脉根数、丙氨酸转移酶、天门冬氨酸转移酶、总胆红素、凝血酶原活动度等观察指标具有统计学差异(P＜0.05),以上各项指标均为EVL术后早期再出血的危险因素.结论 对于食管静脉曲张出血的患者,在行EVL前,应该仔细评价患者的各项临床指标,对患者进行危险分层,做好充分的术前准备,筛除高危患者,尽可能地减少术后早期再出血的发生率,延长患者寿命.     

内镜下套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血（附43例）

目的：探讨内镜下套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的临床疗效。方法：对我院86例食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者分别给予内镜下套扎治疗与内科药物治疗,比较两组治疗疗效。结果：治疗组：止血成功率达90.7%,死亡率达4.7%,再出血率达11.6%。对照组则依次为69.8%、23.3%、32.6%。两组止血成功率、死亡率、再出血率的比较,均（P〈0.05）。结论：内镜套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血具有创伤小、止血迅速、临床疗效好,值得推广使用。     

An emergency hybrid procedure that combines endoscopic treatment with partial splenic embolization for bleeding esophagogastric varices

Management of splenomegaly is important in the treatment of portal hypertension. We report 2 cases who were treated by an emergency hybrid procedure combining endoscopic treatment and partial splenic embolization (PSE) based on a new concept "splanchnic caput Medusae". Case 1 with refractory esophageal variceal bleeding due to alcoholic liver cirrhosis was treated by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) with ligation and PSE at the same time. Case 2 with gastric variceal bleeding due to polycystic liver disease was treated by EIS using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and PSE at the same time. Six days after the hybrid procedure, transjugular retrograde obliteration was added. In both cases, post-treatment 3D-CT reconstruction images revealed that the spleen-portal system reversed to almost normal form. We conclude that an emergency hybrid procedure combining endoscopic treatment and PSE is effective for patients with bleeding esophagogastric varices.KEYWORDS: Emergency hybrid procedure, Splanchnic caput Medusae, Esophagogastric varices, Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, Partial splenic embolization, Polycystic liver disease     

Risk and causes of gastroesophageal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND/AIM: Variceal bleeding is the most life-threating complication in liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the sources of gastroesophageal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis and to ascertain the risk factors of bleeding from esophageal varices. METHODS: This prospective study included 52 patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Severity of liver dysfunction according to Child's classification, coagulation parameters, and endoscopic findings were analyzed. In patients with varices we analyzed the size, color, location of varices, and the presence of red signs. The varices were classified as small, medium and large. RESULTS: Esophageal varices were found in 76.9% of the patients. Isolated varices were present in 36.6%, and associated with other findings in 40.3%. Small varices were present in 10%, medium in 25% and large in 65% patients. Of them 55% had variceal bleeding. Variceal bleeding was present in 50% of the patients with medium and in 65.38% of the patients with large varices. There was no bleeding in the patients with small varices. Endoscopy revealed red signs before bleeding in 85% of the patients with large varices. There was a higher incidence of variceal bleeding in the Child's group B. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the coagulation parameters in patients with and without variceal bleeding. Rebleeding was present in 86.36% of the patients. Most of them (52.63%) were rebleeding between 7 weeks and 12 months after the first episode of variceal bleeding. In the patients with the most severe hepatocellular dysfunction (Child's group C) the period between the first bleeding and rebleeding was the shortest (mean, 20.8 days). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that esophageal varices are the most frequent sources of bleeding in the patients with liver cirrhosis. There is the association between the first bleeding and large varices and the red signs. Coagulation disorders and hepatic dysfunction were not related to the initial episode of variceal bleeding. The risk of early rebleeding was higher in the patients with severe hepatic dysfunction (Child's class C).     

食管静脉曲张硬化治疗后食管发生狭窄的相关因素

目的回顾性分析食管静脉曲张硬化治疗后食管狭窄发生的相关因素。方法收集解放军总医院行食管静脉曲张硬化治疗后发生食管狭窄的32例,与同期未发生狭窄的30例对照分析其临床特点,包括病因、狭窄部位、狭窄程度、硬化次数、硬化点数、硬化剂量及治疗结果等。通过相关因素分析,筛选出狭窄发生的危险因素。结果食管静脉曲张硬化治疗后狭窄发生以食管下段为主,狭窄发生部位距门齿距离为(37.31±2.15)cm;平均直径为(7.51±1.45)cm;平均硬化治疗次数为(4.68±1.68)次;总硬化剂量为(105±41.32)ml;狭窄需行内镜下球囊扩张治疗者16例。多因素分析表明,狭窄的发生与硬化剂量及治疗总次数相关;而与年龄、性别、硬化点数等因素无关。结论科学掌握硬化治疗剂量、部位与次数,对预防食管静脉曲张硬化治疗后狭窄的发生有重要意义。     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血胃镜下套扎治疗的疗效

目的探讨肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血胃镜下套扎临床疗效。方法回顾性分析204例肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血病例,根据治疗方法分为三腔二囊管组（三腔管组）81例和曲张静脉套扎组（套扎组）123例,比较两组止血成功率、病死率、住院时间、并发症发生率、生存时间等。结果套扎组72h止血成功率100％高于三腔管组的84．0％（x^2=21．084,P〈0．01）;套扎组无死亡患者,三腔管组死亡6例（x^2=9．387,P〈0．01）;套扎组住院时间显著少于三腔管组;套扎组并发症为18．7％显著少于三腔管组的63．0％（x^2=41．394,P〈0．01）;术后2W复查,套扎组中度为60．0％（x^2=8．499,P〈0．01）及重度食管静脉曲张的66．2％（x^2=5．343,P〈0．05）均显著低于三腔管组。套扎组上消化道出血复发1次（x^2=30．997,P〈0．01）及2次以上比例显著低于三腔管组（x^2=19．088,P〈0．01）;12个月内病死率显著低于三腔管组（x^2=21．113,P〈0．01）;4年累计生存率（86．6％）显著高于三腔管组（22．3％）。结论肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血套扎成功率高、并发症少、复发率低,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

Evaluation of portosystemic collaterals by MDCT-MPR imaging for management of hemorrhagic esophageal varices

Objective

To study the correlation between changes in portosystemic collaterals, evaluated by multidetector-row computed tomography imaging using multiplanar reconstruction (MDCT-MPR), and prognosis in patients with hemorrhagic esophageal varices (EV) after endoscopic treatment.

Methods

Forty-nine patients with primary hemostasis for variceal bleeding received radical endoscopic treatment: endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) or endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). Patients were classified according to the rate of reduction in feeding vessel diameter on MDCT-MPR images, into the narrowing (n = 24) and no-change (n = 25) groups. We evaluated changes in portosystemic collaterals by MDCT-MPR before and after treatment, and determined rebleeding and survival rates.

Results

The left gastric and paraesophageal (PEV) veins were recognized as portosystemic collaterals in 100 and 80%, respectively, of patients with EV on MDCT-MPR images. The rebleeding rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after endoscopic treatment were 10, 15, 23, and 23%, respectively, for the narrowing group, and 17, 24, 35, and 67%, respectively, for the no-change group (P = 0.068). Among no-change group, the rebleeding rate in patients with large PEV was significantly lower than that with small PEV (P = 0.027). The rebleeding rate in patients with small PEV of the no-change group was significantly higher than that in the narrowing group (P = 0.018). There was no significant difference in rebleeding rates between the no-change group with a large PEV and narrowing group (P = 0.435).

Conclusion

Changes in portosystemic collaterals evaluated by MDCT-MPR imaging correlate with rebleeding rate. Evaluation of portosystemic collaterals in this manner would provide useful information for the management of hemorrhagic EV.     

Esophageal varices before and after endoscopic variceal ligation: evaluation using helical CT

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of helical CT in assessing the therapeutic effects of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). Twenty-four patients with esophageal varices were examined. Helical scanning was initiated 60 s after intravenous injection (Iopamidol 300 mgI/ml, total 120 ml, 3 ml/s) was started. Esophageal varices were clearly depicted as high-density areas. Multiplanar reformation and 3D images demonstrated collateral circulation three-dimensionally. After EVL, mucosal high-density areas had diminished markedly, but collateral veins around the esophagus, and gastro- and/or spleno-renal shunts, were unchanged in all patients. Of 21 patients with collateral circulation, esophageal varices recurred endoscopically in 6 patients within 12 months. In 3 patients without collateral circulation, esophageal varices did not recur within 12 months. From these findings, we conclude that helical CT is a useful method for assessing the therapeutic effects of EVL. Received: 2 July 1998; Revised: 1 December 1998; Accepted: 12 February 1999     

静脉曲张套扎联合部分脾栓塞治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血的META分析

目的评价内镜下静脉曲张套扎（EVL）联合部分脾栓塞（PSE）治疗食管静脉曲张出血的临床疗效。方法检索PubMed、 EMBASE、 Web of Science、 The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、 Elesiver、全文数据库、中国科技期刊数据库（维普）、万方数字化期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库等关于内镜下静脉曲张套扎联合部分脾栓塞治疗食管静脉曲张的疗效及安全性的随机对照试验（RCT）,使用Rev—Man5．2版软件对纳入的研究进行Meta分析。结果共7项RCT包含428例患者符合入选标准。Meta分析结果显示：（1）EVL联合PSE患者根治率高于EVL组（RR=1．55,95％CI：1．27～1．06,P〈0．0001）;EVL联合PSE患者再出血率较EVL组明显降低（RR=0．43,95％CI：0．26～0．72,P=0．001）;EVL联合PSE患者病死率与EVL组相比差异无统计学意义（RR=0．39,95％CI：0．12～1．26,P=0．12）。（2）EVL联合PSE患者血小板计数与EvL组相比明显增高（WMD=53．85,95％CI：45．72～61．98,P〈0．00001）。结论EvL联合PSE在临床疗效及改善血小板计数明显优于EVL,但由于相关的高质量研究文献数量有限及纳入的样本量较小,尚待高质量随机对照试验证实。