LAMP和荧光定量PCR检测食品中致病微生物的比较研究

目的比较环介导等温扩增(LAMP)和荧光定量PCR技术对沙门菌、大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的检测效果。方法对2株沙门菌、2株大肠埃希菌和3株金黄色葡萄球菌分别采用LAMP及荧光定量PCR进行检测,比较两种方法的检测结果。结果两种方法均展示很好的检测效果,在对牛奶和污水的检测中,两者的检测率相同,在对虾的检测中,荧光定量PCR相对于LAMP表现更高检测率,对沙门菌和大肠埃希菌的检测率,两法差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),对金黄色葡萄球菌的检测率,两法差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论荧光定量PCR和LAMP对食品致病菌的检测都具有较高的敏感度。     

237株ESBLs克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的耐药检验

目的：了解超广谱β－内酰胺酶（ESBLs)克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的阳率率和耐药性,方法：应用双纸片协同试验法,检测在我院分离到237株克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌产ESBLs特性,结果：ESBLs总阳性率为23．6％,大肠埃希菌ESBLs,阳性率为24．5％,克雷伯菌ESBLs阳性率为22．1％,通过缩短纸片间的距离至16－18mm,在一定程度上,提高了提该方法的敏感性,结论：我院分离的克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌ESBLs阳性率较低,双纸片协同试验法的敏感性值得进一步研究提高。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌的耐药性分析

目的 了解大肠埃希菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的流行情况,分析产ESBLs细菌的耐药性.方法 对154株大肠埃希菌用表型确证试验检测ESBLs,用Kirby-Bauer琼脂扩散法做药物敏感试验.结果 154株大肠埃希菌中共检出产ESBLs菌80株,检出率51.95%.在各类标本中,尿中产ESBLs菌株分离率最高(52.50%),其次是痰(22.50%).除亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢西丁、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和阿米卡星外,产ESBLs菌株对其他8种抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌株(P<0.05).结论 该院产ESBLs大肠埃希菌株对多类药物表现出较高的耐药率,临床应加强对产ESBLs大肠埃希菌耐药性监测,严格掌握抗生素的使用指征,防止耐药菌株的传播流行.     

产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌检测及耐药性分析

目的研究产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌检测及耐药性,指导临床合理应用抗菌药物。方法采用初筛试验和确证试验对临床分离的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌进行检测,以确定产ESBLs菌株,并进行抗生素耐药性分析。结果产ESBLs菌在大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中的检出率分别为44.8%和23.6%,对亚胺培南最为敏感,对头孢唑啉和氨苄西林耐药。结论临床对产ESBLs细菌治疗以碳青霉烯类药物为首选,含酶抑制剂复合药物部分有效。     

大肠埃希菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因型及耐药性研究

 目的 了解沈阳地区产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌的流行和耐药特点,初步确定产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的基闪型.方法 收集沈阳地区大肠埃希菌临床分离株246株,通过CLSI确认试验确认产ESBLs大肠埃希菌,应用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,采用PCR方法检测ESBLs的基冈型.结果 产ESBLs大肠埃希菌共127株(51.6%),对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、氨曲南、头孢他啶、头孢两丁及阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率分别是:68.3%、92%、43.1%、24.4%、10.5%及37.4%,亚胺培南和美洛培南的敏感率均为100%;在72株CTX-M型中53株(60.2%)为CTX-M-9型、15株(17%)为CTX-M-1型,4株(4.6%)同时携带了CTX-M-9及CTX-M-1两种基因.结论 产ESBLs大肠埃希菌具有多重耐药的特点,产ES-BLs的大肠埃希菌大都携带CTX-M型ESBLs基因.     

由淡水产品引起的嗜盐菌食物中毒二起调查报告

自1962年以来,国内对致病性嗜盐菌食物中毒陆续有所报告。但国内外报道的病例多发生于沿海地带,其污染物大多为海产品,一般认为淡水产品即使污染亦不致引起流行。我们于1963年9月,在北京地区收治了由该菌引起食物中毒2起,共41例,经调查发现     

某部一起致病性大肠埃希菌引起感染性腹泻的调查

2004年3月，某部在进行武装奔袭野营拉练后突然出现一起以腹泻、腹痛伴呕吐、发热为主要症状的86例感染性腹泻。经流行病学调查，结合临床症状和病原学检查。证实为一起水源性致病性大肠埃希菌所致感染性腹泻。现将调查结果报告如下。     

气相色谱仪鉴别大肠埃希菌初探

大肠埃希菌感染可引起食物中毒 ,其中 0 15 7∶Ｈ7菌株感染严重者可引起出血性肠炎 ,出现溶血尿毒综合征、肾功能衰竭及血小板减少性紫癜 ,部分病人因肾功能衰竭死亡。因此探讨其快速、准确的检测手段 ,有一定的临床意义。我们采用气相色谱 (ＧＣ)分析大肠埃希菌脂肪酸成分 ,现将结果报道如下。1　材料与方法1 1　菌株　共分析 8株大肠埃希菌 ,分别为Ｏ15 7∶Ｈ7、Ｏ2 6∶Ｈ11、Ｏ2 6∶Ｈ11、Ｏ2 6∶Ｈ-、ＥＩＥＣ、Ｏ2 6∶Ｋ6 0、Ｏ2 9∶Ｋ5 (购于中国预防医学科学院流行病研究所 )。将菌株用ＬＢ半固体培养基 37℃培养 2 4ｈ ,取单个菌落…     

红河州2011～2013年泌尿系感染患者大肠埃希菌的耐药性分析

目的了解本地区泌尿系感染患者的尿培养大肠埃希菌对抗生素的耐药性及其变迁情况。方法用黑马Bact-IST微生物药敏分析系统和WHONET5.6统计软件,对尿培养大肠埃希菌进行鉴定和药敏试验结果分析。结果 2011～2013年我州3所医院尿培养检出1185株大肠埃希菌,3年来大肠埃希菌检出率在40.7%～48.2%之间,其中产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌有747株,占63.0%,且呈逐年上升趋势,其耐药率普遍高于不产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌;碳青霉烯类抗生素亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率最低,而氨苄西林和头孢唑林耐药率最高。结论大肠埃希菌是我州2011～2013年泌尿系感染的主要病原菌,其中大多是产ESBLs的多重耐药菌。建议临床治疗泌尿系感染患者时,应常规进行细菌培养鉴定及药敏试验,严格按照药敏试验结果和抗生素使用管理办法合理使用抗菌药物。     

大肠埃希菌对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药机制的研究进展

自耐药大肠埃希菌被报道以来，大肠埃希菌对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药菌株在世界各地引起了广泛感染、传播和流行，由其产生的耐药问题已成为当前全球最重要的耐药问题之一。本文对大肠埃希菌对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药机制的研究进展作简要综述。     

Ciguatera fish poisoning: impact for the military health care provider

Ciguatera toxin is a marine neurotoxin produced by microorganisms that becomes concentrated in predatory fish. Toxicity in humans results from the ingestion of contaminated fish harvested in tropical waters. Clinical manifestations of illness include the rapid onset of gastrointestinal symptoms and neurological abnormalities. Because of the rapid onset of symptoms and the potential for case clusters from a common source ingestion of contaminated fish, there is the potential that ciguatera poisoning may initially mimic illnesses caused by antipersonnel biological and chemical agents. We present data on an active duty soldier who presented to sick call for evaluation of new onset paresthesias and was diagnosed with ciguatera toxin poisoning. We also present a review of ciguatera poisoning literature with emphasis on the distinguishing features between ciguatoxin and other neurotoxins of military significance.     

Plasma cholinesterase: double-edged parameter in the diagnosis of acute organophosphorus poisoning

Biochemical markers are one of the mainstays in the diagnosis of ill health. Plasma cholinesterase is one such marker of the ill health caused by acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Organophosphorus pesticides are powerful inhibitors of plasma cholinesterase; consequently, the reduced level of this biochemical marker has been used in the diagnosis of cases of acute poisoning. But how dependable is this biochemical marker in the diagnosis of suspected organophosphorus pesticide poisoning without adequate clinical signs and symptoms? In the case reported here, the low level of plasma cholinesterase which was suspected to be due to organophosphorus poisoning was found to be caused by pulmonary Koch's and hepatitis B with associated malnutrition.     

部队餐饮单位食品卫生安全状况的横断面调查分析

目的：了解部队餐饮单位的食品卫生安全现状,分析存在的主要卫生问题,以完善部队餐饮卫生保障体系。方法采用横断面问卷调查,结合现场查看和快速检测的方法,对全军选取的70家餐饮单位进行了调查。结果在70家部队餐饮单位中,主要以军队自管为主,占总体比例的70．0％,其次为社会化保障,占28．6％。办伙方式以团以上集约化办伙为主,占64．3％。在食品加工环节中,主要存在5个方面的卫生安全问题,包括：餐饮具清洗消毒不彻底、加工间结构布局不合理、加工环节交叉污染、原料采购与贮存不符合卫生要求以及内部卫生管理不规范。餐饮单位内部有检验人员的占44．3％,配备检测设备的占40．0％,设置食品检验室的占35．7％。结论部队餐饮单位中存在食品卫生安全隐患,应当从强化落实卫生制度、完善相关设备、增强人员食品安全意识、加强内部监督力度及建立健全奖惩机制进行整体改进。     

家畜产气荚膜梭菌病的诊断与防治

产气荚膜梭菌病是多种动物共患病,被我国规定为二类动物疫病。产气荚膜梭菌可引起牛羊猝死、坏死性肠炎(和羔羊痢疾等家畜常见传染病,同时还可导致人气性坏疽和食物源性中毒,给家畜养殖业带来严重的经济损失,也严重威胁人类健康。本文综述该病的实验室诊断和防治方法,为基层临床兽医提供该病的预防和治疗参考资料。     

Food irradiation and airline catering

Food poisoning from contaminated airline food can produce serious consequences for airline crew and passengers and can hazard flight. While irradiation of certain foodstuffs has been practised in a number of countries for some years, application of the process has not been made to complete meals. This paper considers the advantages, technical considerations, costs and possible application to airline meals. In addition, the need to educate the public in the advantages of the process in the wake of incidents such as Chernobyl is discussed.     

Molecular identification of lizard by RAPD & FINS of mitochondrial 16s rRNA gene

In the present study, we identified the structure-less skeleton suspected to be of house lizard present in jaggery, consumption of which caused mass food poisoning using, RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) with random primers and FINS (Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing) with mitochondrial 16s rRNA gene. The NJ tree dendogram based on distance calculated from RAPD bands clearly identified the structure-less as Calotes versicolor (Garden Lizard). In FINS analysis of the mitochondrial 16s rRNA gene the NJ tree based on Kimura-2-parameter distance matrices clearly reveal that the unknown sample clustered with Agmidae family and closest to Calotes versicolor (Garden Lizard) with 100% bootstrap support, whereas all other species belong to Gekkonida family form a single distinct cluster including Hemidactylus fluviviridis (House Lizard). This is the first successful typing of mitochondrial 16s rRNA with FINS approach to identify the biological origin of a structure-less skeleton. Our analysis also sustained successful identification of unknown samples using RAPD method with optimized conditions in a laboratory setup with low resources.     

Foodborne disease outbreak among soldiers in Nis garrison associated with the consumption of coleslaw

AIM/BACKGROUND: Large outbreaks of foodborne diseases are always focused by the general public who expect experts to rapidly explain both the causes of the disease and its growth. This article presents the results of the investigation of an outbreak of foodborne disease that has attracted much of the electronic and written media attention. METHODS: The data on food items consumed by intoxicated and healthy soldiers were obtained by the adapted questionnaire during a field investigation performed on November 3-4, 2005. On the same occasion other relevant data were also collected. For microbiological investigations stool samples from the ill persons were collected, as well as food specimen and swabs from the working surfaces and utensils in the kichen where the food had been prepared. RESULTS: In the outbreak of foodborne disease, which started on November 2, 2005, and terminated on the next day, 103 ill soldiers were registered in 7 units scattered over 4 locations in the garrison of Nis. The attack rate varied in the affected units from 33 to 338 per thousand, with the mean value of 109.7 per thousand. The clinical course of the disease was predominantly light including vomiting, diarrhea and fever as the most frequent signs of illness. All the affected soldiers were hospitalized, treated with symptomatic therapy, and discharged fully recovered. By comparing dishes that had been consumed by the ill and the healthy persons before the beginning of the outbreak, the greatest statistical significance (p < 0.0001), and the only significant relative risk (RR = 3.43) were related to the consumption of the coleslaw served for lunch on November 1, 2005. In addition, two control groups with the total of 151 persons who had not consumed the coleslaws were identified no one of them was affected. An microbiological investigation did not reveal any bacterial enteropathogens. CONCLUSION: In the described foodborne disease outbreak a causative agent was not identified although coleslaw was the way of transmission probably secondarily contaminated by the improper hygiene practice during its processing.     

急性吸入性汞中毒的病理和胸部X线表现

目的　分析急性吸入性汞中毒的胸部X线表现。方法　 16例急性吸入性汞中毒病例均摄胸片 ,其中尸解 1例 ,进行病理解剖学诊断。结果　 16例中出现汞毒性肺炎 11例和汞毒性肺水肿 5例。结论　急性吸入性汞中毒有特征性X线表现 ,结合临床和实验室检查可作出确切诊断     

Strategies for recognizing acute chemical-associated foodborne illness

The U.S. food supply is vulnerable to contamination with chemicals and toxins. Public health officials and clinicians may misdiagnose patients with acute chemical-associated foodborne illness (CAFI) due to unfamiliarity with chemical illness, increased familiarity with infectious foodborne illness, nonspecific presentation of most foodborne chemical poisoning, lack of readily available analytic methodologies to detect chemicals, and lack of education on how to develop a differential diagnosis for CAFI. This article will review the unique features of CAFI in the acute setting, address important questions to help differentiate CAFI from other foodborne illness, discuss laboratory features of CAFI, and provide health officials and clinicians with a clinical symptom-based approach to assist with proper identification and differentiation of acute CAFI.