10%抗坏血酸钠对外漂白后复合树脂充填体微渗漏的影响

目的观察10%抗坏血酸钠与含表面活化剂(Tween,0.2%)的10%抗坏血酸钠对经10%过氧化脲外漂白后复合树脂充填体微渗漏的影响。方法选取牙体完整健康的人离体前磨牙50颗,随机分为5组,第1组不漂白直接树脂充填,第2组用10%过氧化脲漂白后立即树脂充填,第3组漂白后将牙齿浸泡在人工唾液中3周再进行树脂充填,第4组漂白后先用10%抗坏血酸钠处理窝洞后再充填树脂,第5组漂白后先用含0.2%Tween的10%抗坏血酸钠处理窝洞后再进行树脂充填。然后,将5组样本进行2000个周期的冷热循环,2%亚甲基蓝染色24h,体视显微镜下观察剖面充填体的微渗漏情况。结果第1组微渗漏值最低,第2组微渗漏值最高,第3、4组微渗漏值显著高于第1组但与第2组无显著性差异(P>0.05);第5组渗漏值较第2组及第4组显著下降(P<0.05)。结论 10%过氧化脲外漂白致复合树脂充填体边缘微渗漏明显增加,含0.2%Tween的10%抗坏血酸钠处理窝洞可以有效减少该微渗漏的增加,延迟充填和单纯使用抗坏血酸钠均不能有效减少微渗漏。     

漂白剂对玻璃离子水门汀类材料充填Ⅴ类洞边缘微渗漏的影响

目的评估漂白凝胶和洁白牙贴对3种不同的玻璃离子水门汀类材料边缘微渗漏的影响。方法在45颗离体健康前磨牙的颊舌侧制备Ⅴ类洞,随机分为A、B、C组,分别使用加强型玻璃离子水门汀KetacTM Molar Easymix、复合体F2000、复合体Dyract AP充填,每个大组再分为3个亚组,第1组和第2组分别使用质量分数14％过氧化氢（HP）洁白牙贴和10％过氧化脲（CP）凝胶进行漂白,第3组为对照组。所有样本置入37 ℃蒸馏水中保存7 d后冷热循环500次,然后进行漂白。漂白21 d后置于碱性品红溶液中染色24 h,沿牙体长轴通过充填体中央颊舌向剖开牙齿,体视显微镜下观察并测量染料渗入窝洞壁的深度。结果2种漂白方式对充填体边缘微渗漏的影响没有明显差异（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,2种漂白方式对B、C组的微渗漏均没有产生明显影响（P>0.05）,但均可使A组的微渗漏增加（P<0.05）。结论10％CP凝胶和14％HP洁白牙贴对充填体边缘微渗漏的影响无明显差异;漂白不会影响复合体的微渗漏,但会增加加强型玻璃离子水门汀的微渗漏。     

Er:YAG激光和Nd:YAG激光辅助的牙漂白对树脂充填体粘接强度和边缘微渗漏的影响

目的：评价Er:YAG激光和Nd:YAG激光辅助的牙漂白对釉质表面树脂充填体粘接强度和边缘微渗漏的影响。方法：将离体牙制备成釉质测试试件（n=64）后随机分为4组（n=16），包括对照组、传统漂白组、Er:YAG激光辅助的漂白组和Nd:YAG激光辅助的漂白组。4组试件分别处理后，检测其釉质表面树脂充填体的剪切粘接强度（n=8）和微渗漏深度（n=8），利用体视显微镜观察各组试件的断裂模式。采用SPSS 26.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：与对照组相比，传统漂白后釉质表面树脂充填体的粘接强度显著下降，边缘微渗漏显著增加(P<0.05);Er:YAG激光辅助的漂白后釉质表面充填体的剪切粘接强度和微渗漏深度与对照组相比无显著差异（P>0.05）,Nd:YAG激光辅助的漂白后树脂充填体的剪切粘接强度显著下降（P<0.05），但其边缘微渗漏深度与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。4组试件的粘接断裂模式主要为粘接界面断裂。结论：相比传统漂白方法，激光辅助的牙漂白对树脂充填体粘接强度和微渗漏的影响较小，具有一定的临床优势。     

两种抗氧化剂凝胶对内漂白后充填树脂微渗漏的影响

目的:对比含表面活化剂(0.2%Tween 80)的10%抗坏血酸钠(sodium ascorbate, SA)凝胶和6.5%原花青素(proanthocyanidins, PC)凝胶对死髓牙内漂后充填树脂微渗漏的影响,以及确定最佳处理时间。方法:收集近1月拔除的离体前磨牙120颗,随机分为10组(n=12), A组：未漂白组,B组：漂白组,C组：含0.2%Tween 80的10%SA组,D组：6.5%PC组,C/D组根据内漂白后抗氧化剂处理时间不同(10、30、60、120 min)又分为4个亚组(C1/C2/C3/C4,D1/D2/D3/D4),各组处理后行树脂充填窝洞。所有样本经过冷热循环后,每组随机选取10个样本置于2%亚甲基蓝染色,在体式显微镜下观察树脂与洞壁粘接界面微渗漏的程度,并对测量结果进行统计学分析。每组剩余两个样本于扫描电镜下观察牙体组织与充填树脂粘接界面的微观形貌特点。结果:A组微渗漏值明显小于B组(P=0.000),各实验组与B组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组微渗漏值逐渐减小,D3组微渗漏值最小,C/D组间除C4/D4外其余均有统计学差异(P...     

渗透性树脂对树脂修复体微渗漏影响的实验观察

目的:观察使用渗透性树脂ICON对修复体边缘进行处理后的微渗漏变化。方法:20颗健康离体牙随机分为2组,颊面制备深度2mm的窝洞,Z350树脂充填,A组使用渗透性树脂ICON处理树脂修复体边缘处的牙体组织及树脂牙体结合处,B组为对照组。37℃水浴条件下分别置于0.1%罗丹明B荧光染料浸染,24h后激光扫描共聚焦显微镜测量染液渗入深度,定量评价微渗漏程度,对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果:A、B组微渗漏差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:渗透性树脂对改善树脂修复体微渗漏状况有明显效果。     

冷光漂白对树脂-牙釉质微拉伸强度及边缘微渗漏的影响

目的：探讨冷光漂白对树脂-牙釉质微拉伸强度、界面微观形态及V类洞边缘微渗漏的影响。方法：30颗离体前磨牙随机分为5组,每组6颗牙。P组：未漂白;P0组：漂白后即刻;P1组：漂白后储存于人工唾液1周;P2组：漂白后储存于人工唾液2周;P3组：漂白后储存于人工唾液3周。各组Z-350树脂修复,进行微拉伸实验及扫描电镜观察。另30颗离体磨牙进行V类洞微渗漏实验,分组同上,每组6颗牙,定为S、S0、S1、S2、S3组。SPSS13.0软件包进行统计学处理。结果：P、P2、P3组微拉伸强度显著高于P0组（P〈0.05）,P2、P3组微拉伸强度显著高于P1组（P〈0.05）,其余各组均无显著差异。扫描电镜观察树脂-釉质界面,P0组存在缝隙,P1、P2、P3组界面逐渐致密。S、S2、S3组牙合壁微渗漏值显著低于S0组（P〈0.05）,各组龈壁微渗漏无显著差异。组内比较：除S组外,其余4组龈壁微渗漏均显著大于牙合壁（P〈0.05）。结论：冷光漂白后不适合进行即刻树脂修复,树脂修复最佳时间是漂白后2周。     

声波充填术与分层充填术对树脂微渗漏的影响

目的:扫描电镜下比较声波充填术与分层充填术对树脂微渗漏的影响。方法:选取20个离体牙在邻牙合面制备3 mm×4 mm x5 mm窝洞,利用Sonicfill声波充填及分层充填术充填窝洞,光固化后并随机分为A组和B组。用2%亚甲基蓝溶液浸染1周,扫描电镜下观察试件剖面(近远中向),观察染液渗入深度,评价微渗漏程度,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果:A、B组微渗漏差异无统计学意义。结论:声波充填术比分层充填术更节省操作时间,可获得与分层充填术相当的边缘封闭性。     

新型自固化树脂与常规树脂充填后牙邻面龋的边缘微渗漏及抗疲劳比较

目的:对比新型自固化树脂与常规树脂充填相邻后牙邻面龋后边缘的微渗漏及抗疲劳效用。方法:于2021年1月～12月我院口腔外科收集新鲜离体恒磨牙共112颗,按照充填材料的不同分为自固化组和常规组,各56颗;自固化组采用新型自固化树脂(Surfill)对窝洞进行填充,常规组采用Neofil常规树脂进行填充。观察两组显微硬度、边缘微渗漏深度分级差异、充填体与牙体组织的间距、疲劳试验前后完整边缘情况;采用Pearson和Spearman相关系数分析牙齿抗疲劳度与显微硬度、微渗漏深度优良率及与牙体组织间距的相关性。结果:自固化组硬度值、微渗漏深度分级优良率较常规组均明显升高(P<0.05);自固化组充填体与牙齿组织的间距较常规组明显降低,疲劳试验后两组釉质、牙本质完整边缘百分比值较试验前均明显降低,但自固化组牙釉质、牙本质完整边缘百分比值较常规组显著升高(均P<0.05);相关系数分析牙齿抗疲劳度与固化硬度呈正相关,牙齿抗疲劳度与微渗漏深度优良率及与牙体组织间距均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:新型自固化Surfill树脂作为邻面龋充填材料具有更高的固化硬度和粘合度。     

漂白处理对树脂充填体边缘微渗漏的影响

目的:评价35%过氧化氢凝胶对树脂充填体边缘微渗漏的影响。方法:选择离体上颌第三磨牙40颗,在颊面制备Ⅴ类洞复合树脂分层充填,光照固化抛光后按处理时间随机分为4组(n=10):A(对照组)、B(10 min)、C(20 min)、D(30min)。将凝胶涂布于充填体表面进行漂白处理后冷热循环500次,再用2%亚甲蓝溶液染色24 h,沿颊舌纵向剖开,体式显微镜观察并记录染料渗入深度。用Kruskal-Wallis法进行数据分析;Mann-Whitney法组间两两比较,检验水准均为α=0.05。结果:不同漂白处理时间对树脂充填体边缘微渗漏的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较显示A与C、A与D、B与D、C与D间差异有统计学意义。结论:35%过氧化氢凝胶漂白处理使复合树脂充填体的边缘微渗漏程度增加。     

3种复合树脂充填Ⅴ类洞的微渗漏比较研究

目的:比较义获嘉N Ceram纳米瓷化树脂、N Flow流动树脂及Bulk Fill 三次方大块充填树脂充填上颌前磨牙Ⅴ类洞后树脂充填体边缘的微渗漏情况,评估3种不同复合树脂的抗微渗漏性能,寻找较好的充填V类洞的复合树脂材料.方法:选取牙体完整、健康的人离体前磨牙66颗,随机分为3组(n=22).所有样本牙在颊侧颈部制备标准V类箱状洞型(长4 mm、宽3 mm、深2 mm).3组试验牙经选择性釉质酸蚀自黏结后,分别使用N Ceram纳米瓷化树脂(A组)、N Flow流动树脂(B组)及Bulk Fill三次方大块充填树脂(C组)进行充填.充填完成后,3组试验牙均行弱光启动固化,打磨抛光.将3组样本进行1500个周期的冷热循环,2％亚甲基蓝浸泡染色7d,然后沿牙体颊舌向切片.每组随机选取2颗样本牙,在扫描电镜下观察牙体-充填体交界面的密合程度;其余60颗样本牙在体视显微镜下(×40)观察剖面充填体的微渗漏情况.采用Spot Advanced软件测量微渗漏深度,并根据0～3分分别给(牙合)、龈壁微渗漏程度评分.采用SPSS17.0软件包对各组的微渗漏深度分别进行Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验和Mann-Whitney检验.结果:义获嘉Bulk Fill组树脂在3组中龈壁的微渗漏最小,且与另外2组相比有显著差异,N Ceran纳米树脂组与N Flow流动树脂组龈壁的微渗漏均较高(P＜0.05);3组复合树脂材料(牙合)壁的微渗漏无显著差异(P＞0.05);3组树脂(牙合)壁的微渗漏值均比龈壁小且差异显著(P＜0.05).结论:3组树脂在(牙合)壁的微渗漏值无显著差异.义获嘉Bulk Fill组树脂充填V类洞时.在3组中龈壁的微渗漏最小,且与另外2种树脂之间有显著差异.     

In vitro microleakage of composite restorations after nonvital bleaching.

OBJECTIVE: After bleaching treatment, esthetic restorations often need to be replaced due to color changes. Some papers have shown alterations in the bond of adhesive restorations to bleached teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tooth and resin composite adhesion when submitted to nonvital dental bleaching. METHOD AND MATERIALS: One hundred and twenty bovine teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n = 40); paste of sodium perborate and water; 37% carbamide peroxide gel; and no bleaching (control). After 3 weeks of continuous bleaching treatment, standardized Class V cavities were prepared at the cementoenamel junction and restored with Single Bond adhesive system and Z100 resin composite. The samples were thermocycled 1,500 times (5 +/- 1/55 +/- 1 degrees C) with a 1-minute dwell time. Then, they were immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution (pH 7) for 4 hours, sectioned, and analyzed by stereomicroscopy. Microleakage analyses were done, using scores from 0 to 4, considering leakage on the incisal wall (enamel) and the cervical wall (dentin). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The results showed that sodium perborate and carbamide peroxide gel significantly increase the microleakage in Class V resin composite restorations to dentin but not to enamel margins. CONCLUSION: The risk of microleakage in dentin margins is increased soon after bleaching treatment.     

Effect of nonvital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on sealing ability of resin composite restorations

AIM: To (i) determine the effect of nonvital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on the sealing ability of resin composite restorations bonded with a self-etching adhesive system; and (ii) compare the effects of antioxidant treatment and delayed restoration after bleaching on marginal seal. METHODOLOGY: Forty-eight noncarious maxillary incisors were divided into four groups (n=12) after conventional root canal treatment was completed. In group 1, access cavities were restored with a self-etching adhesive system and resin composite. In the remaining three groups, 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel was placed into the access cavities for periods of 8 h per day for 1 week. They were then restored in the same manner as group 1. Group 2 consisted of specimens restored immediately after bleaching. Group 3 specimens were treated with the antioxidant, 10% sodium ascorbate, whereas group 4 specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 1 week before restoration. Ten specimens in each group were then subjected to dye leakage; the remaining 2 specimens were examined in a SEM (Jeol/JSM 5200, Tokyo, Japan). The dye penetration was assessed with the standard scoring system. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Groups 1, 3 and 4 exhibited similar leakage patterns and significantly less leakage than group 2 (P<0.0083). SEM examination of groups 1, 3 and 4 specimens demonstrated close adaptation of resin composite to cavity walls, whereas group 2 specimens did not. CONCLUSION: Nonvital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide adversely affected the immediate sealing ability of resin composite restoration; both 10% sodium ascorbate treatment and a 1-week delay in restoration following bleaching improved the reduced sealing ability of resin composite.     

Postoperative dental bleaching: effect of microleakage on Class V tooth colored restorative materials

The effect of 3 percent, 11 percent, and 16 percent carbamide peroxide bleaching solutions and 35 percent hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel on microleakage of Class V composite resins, resin modified glass ionomer cements, and compomer restorative materials together with corresponding (if indicated) fourth/fifth generation bonding agents was evaluated using previously extracted human teeth. Five groups of Class V cavity preparations were placed in enamel of the facial surfaces of 200 teeth. Groups A through D included 40 restorations each (4 different restorative materials and their accompanying bonding agent multiplied by 10 teeth) treated with 3 percent, 11 percent, and 16 percent carbamide peroxide bleach and 35 percent hydrogen peroxide bleach. Group E included 40 restorations without treatment of bleach and stood as the control. The restorative materials included were: Fuji II LC resin modified glass ionomer cement, Helioprogress composite resin/-Heliobond adhesive system, Aelitefil composite resin/Allbond 2 adhesive and Dyract compomer material/Prime & Bond adhesive system. Bleaching agents included were Rembrandt 3 percent peroxide gel, Perfecta 16 percent carbamide peroxide gel, White & Brite 11 percent carbamide peroxide solution and Superoxyl 35 percent hydrogen peroxide gel. All teeth were thermally stressed for 100 cycles and microleakage were assessed by dye penetration. The results were tabulated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) testing procedures. The Aelitefil composite resin material behaved the least favorably (relative to microleakage) compared to the other materials when exposed to various concentrations of dental bleaching agents.     

家庭漂白剂对复合树脂表面粗糙度、显微硬度的影响

目的:评价10%过氧化脲家庭漂白剂对直接和间接复合树脂材料表面粗糙度和显微硬度的影响。方法:实验选用2种直接复合树脂材料(Filtek Z350,Clearfil Majesty Esthetic)和2种间接复合树脂材料(Ceramage,Adoro SR)。每种树脂材料在粗糙度和显微硬度试验中分别制作20个盘形试样(直径10 mm、厚1.0 mm),随机分为10%过氧化脲漂白组和去离子水对照组(n=10)。漂白凝胶处理漂白组试样每天使用8 h,共2周。测量树脂试样漂白处理前、后表面粗糙度和显微硬度值。结果:10%过氧化脲漂白剂处理前后,树脂材料表面粗糙度变化无统计学差异(除外Clearfil Majesty Esthetic)。4种树脂材料漂白前后试样的显微硬度值变化不大,且没有统计学差异。结论:10%过氧化脲漂白剂没有改变树脂材料的显微硬度,但树脂材料表面粗糙度的改变取决于树脂材料的类型。     

Protective effect of resin coating on the microleakage of Class V restorations following treatment with carbamide peroxide in vitro

This in vitro study evaluated the effects of a resin coating on the microleakage of Class V restorations due to bleaching. One-hundred and sixty Class V cavities were randomly restored with one of four different restorative materials (n = 40): a compomer (Dyract AP), a conventional glass-ionomer cement (Ketac Molar Easymix), a resin modified glass-ionomer cement (Fuji II LC) and a resin composite (Filtek Z350). For each kind of material, 40 restorations were divided into four subgroups: bleached with resin coating (group BC), bleached without resin coating (group B), immersed in artificial saliva with resin coating (group SC), immersed in artificial saliva without resin coating (group S). In groups B and BC, the specimens were bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide gel for eight hours daily, while groups SC and S were stored in artificial saliva instead. After 28-day treatment, all the samples were subjected to a dye penetration test using the multiple-sectioning technique. In addition, one more test was performed to investigate the color difference between the coated and uncoated tooth surface after bleaching. There was a statistically significant increase in cervical microleakage in the group B specimens of Fuji II LC and Ketac Molar Easymix compared to their respective control specimen (group S). These effects on microleakage were not found in the bleached specimens with resin coating (group BC). There was also no visually-detectable color difference between the coated and uncoated tooth surface. In conclusion, resin coating is an effective method for avoiding the bleaching-induced microleakage of glass-ionomer cement.     

Effect of non-vital tooth bleaching on microleakage of coronal access restorations

This study evaluated the effect of non-vital tooth bleaching on microleakage of composite resin/bovine tooth interface at different post-bleaching times. A total of 320 teeth were cleaned. A pulp chamber access cavity was made at the lingual surface of each tooth. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups: SPH - sodium perborate + 30% hydrogen peroxide; SPW - sodium perborate + distilled water; CP-37% carbamide peroxide; and CON-distilled water (control). The bleaching agents were replaced every 7 days, over 4 weeks. Following bleaching procedures, the groups were divided into four subgroups (n = 20), according to the post-bleaching times: 0 (baseline), 7, 14 and 21 days. After that, the cavities were restored with an adhesive system (Single Bond; 3M Co., St Paul, MN, USA) and a composite resin (Z100/3M). The specimens were thermocycled, stained with 2% methylene blue solution (pH 7), and sectioned longitudinally. The teeth were evaluated blind and independently by three previously calibrated examiners, to provide representative scores. The data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison tests (alpha=0.05). At baseline and 7 days, the SPH group showed a higher degree of dye penetration than the CON (P=0.04). At 14 and 21 days, there were no differences among groups. The association of sodium perborate with 30% hydrogen peroxide or with water may affect the sealing ability of composite resin restorations performed up to 7 days after bleaching procedures.     

Effect of pre- and postoperative bleaching on marginal leakage of amalgam and composite restorations.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre- and postoperative bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on marginal leakage of amalgam and resin composite restorations. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Three groups were made using 30 extracted, caries-free third molars (n = 10). In the preoperative group, bleaching was performed with 10% carbamide peroxide, followed by the placement of resin composite and amalgam restorations on Class V cavity preparations. In the postoperative group, bleaching was performed after the resin composite and amalgam restorations were fabricated. The third group served as a control in which no bleaching was performed. Dye penetration was used for evaluation of marginal leakage. RESULTS: Chi-square test showed that marginal leakage of resin composite restorations increased in both pre- and postoperatively bleached groups, but marginal leakage of amalgam restorations showed no alterations. CONCLUSION: Bleaching with carbamide peroxide may alter the marginal leakage of resin composite restorations, but amalgam restorations are not affected adversely in vitro.