肝门型胆管细胞癌的CT诊断

目的 探讨肝门型胆管细胞癌的CT特征,加深对肝门型胆管细胞癌的认识.方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理检查证实的36例肝门型胆管细胞癌的CT表现.结果 肝门型胆管细胞癌的CT平扫表现为低密度不规则肿块,边界欠清晰;增强扫描早期肿瘤边缘实质部分呈轻、中度强化,并表现出特征性的从周边到中心的向心性强化,呈延迟强化;胆管壁不规则增厚,胆管轻度扩张;肝萎缩.结论 肝门型胆管细胞癌的CT表现有一定的特征性,对与肝门其他常见病变的鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

肝门区胆管细胞癌的MRI诊断

目的:探讨肝门区胆管细胞癌的MRI表现特点及其鉴别诊断.方法:12例经手术及病理证实的肝门区胆管癌,其中男8例,女4例,年龄32岁-70岁,平均58岁,均行MRI平扫及动态增强扫描.结果:12例肝门区胆管细胞癌,5例病变位于肝总管,4例位于左主肝管,3例位于右主肝管,致相应肝内胆管扩张.肿瘤组织于T1W呈稍低信号强度,T2W呈略高信号强度,增强扫描3例显示早期强化明显,9例早期强化不明显,静脉期及延迟扫描12例均有中等程度的强化,表现为肿块团块状强化,受累胆管管壁不规则增厚并环行强化,2例梗阻区腔内可见到软组织肿块,4例观察到病变远近端胆管内播散结节.结论:肝门区胆管细胞癌于T2W显示伴随高信号的扩张胆管有略高信号的肿块影,动态增强扫描肿块早期有不同程度的强化,静脉期和延迟扫描呈持续性强化是其MRI表现特点.     

MRCP和CT在肝门部胆管癌术前分型中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)和CT在肝门部胆管癌患者术前分型的价值.方法 对42例经病理学证实的肝门部胆管癌患者影像学资料进行回顾性分析,采用Bismuth-Corlette分型比较术前及术后结果.结果 MRCP和CT对肝门部胆管癌术前诊断准确率分别为93％、79％;MRCP和CT术前及术后分型差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MRCP对肝门部胆管癌的术前分型准确率较CT高,对术前手术方式的选择有重要的参考价值.     

肝内周围型胆管细胞癌20例CT诊断分析

摘 要：［目的］ 研究肝内周围型胆管细胞癌（IHPCC）的CT诊断的现状及其意义,掌握其鉴别诊断要点。［方法］ 回顾性分析经术后或穿刺病理证实的20例肝内胆管细胞癌的CT影像资料。［结果］ 所有病灶均为等低密度灶,伴有病灶内或远侧肝内胆管扩张,其中12例见肝叶萎缩或肝包膜“回缩征”,8例伴肝内胆管结石,后腹膜淋巴结转移7例。CT多期增强扫描示,14例病灶动脉期周边呈不规则斑片样强化,5例病灶动脉期周围及中心区域不规则强化,1例病灶动脉期强化不明显。延迟期所有病灶进一步向中心强化,强化范围扩大。组织病理学上见肿瘤外周以存活的肿瘤细胞为主,形成早期边缘强化,而肿瘤中央以纤维成分为主,是产生延迟强化的病理基础。 ［结论］ 肝内周围型胆管细胞癌延迟期向心性强化具有一定特异性,有利于肝内胆管细胞癌诊断。     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的影像学表现

目的 探讨周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的影像学特征。方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的１１例周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的影像学资料。术前增行超声扫描（ＢＵＳ）。１１例中,８例行ＣＴ扫描,其中４例为先平扫后增强,２例行动态双期扫描,另２例先动态后延迟扫描。１１例中有３例行ＭＲＩ扫描,常规ＳＥ序列,ＴＩ加权组（Ｔ１ＷＩ）和Ｔ２加权相（Ｔ２Ｔ１）,其中１例行动态扫描。结果 超声扫描所有病灶均呈低回声,均匀或不均匀。Ｃ     

术前胆道引流对肝门部胆管细胞癌治疗作用的Meta分析

目的通过meta分析评价肝门部胆管癌(HCCA)患者进行术前PBD的治疗作用。方法检索Medline、EBSCO、CNKI、CMCC等数据库,纳入符合入选标准的11个研究项目,对采用固定效应模式及随机效应模式的711例HCCA患者术前行PBD治疗的价值进行Meta分析。结果 HCCA患者术前行PBD与不行PBD,其病死率和术后住院时间无比较统计学差异;然而,术前行PBD患者,术后并发症发生率及感染率明显增高。结论术前对合并黄疸的HCCA患者行PBD治疗无实际临床价值。     

经皮肝穿刺胆管引流联合三维适形放疗治疗肝门部癌伴梗阻性黄疸

目的观察经皮肝穿刺胆管引流（PTCD）联合三维适形放疗（3D-CRT）治疗肝门部癌伴梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效。方法对26例肝门部癌伴梗阻性黄疸患者行经PTCD,胆红素下降后行3D-CRT。结果 26例患者均引流成功,术后胆红素均较术前明显下降（P〈0.05）;行3D-CRT后总有效率73.08%,中位生存期14.5个月。全组无治疗相关的严重并发症。结论 PTCD联合3D-CRT治疗肝门部癌伴梗阻性黄疸近期疗效好,且安全性高。     

肝动脉和经动脉门脉造影螺旋CT的应用价值

目的 探讨螺旋ＣＴ扫描在肝动脉造影ＣＴ（ＣＴ ｈｅｐａｔｉｃ ａｒｔｅｒｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＣＴＨＡ）和经动脉门脉造影ＣＴ（ＣＴ ａｒｔｅｒｉａｌ ｐｏｒｔｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＣＴＡＰ）中的应用价值。方法 分析５０例小肝癌灶ＣＴＡＴＰ和ＣＴＨＡ的图像,并与双期增强扫描进行对照。结果 ＣＴＡＰ病灶检出 ９２．２％,ＣＴＨＡ病灶检出率为９０．１％。     

高剂量率腔内照射治疗肝门部胆管癌

肝门部胆管瘤由于病变部位高，梗阻程度严重，位置特殊，手术难以切除。我科从1994年5月以来，对不能手术切除和切除术后有残留的肝门部胆管癌，采用高剂量率（HDR）Ir－192经T型或U型胆汁引流管置施源管进行腔内照射，1例辅以外照射，共治疗6例，取得了明显的治疗作用，并结合有关文献，对肝门部胆管瘤的放疗剂量、疗效、并发症进行分析。材料与方法一般资料：1994年5月以来我科收治的肝门部胆管瘤6例，男性3例，女性3例，年龄38—64岁，中位年龄57岁。姑息切除术后5例，手术不能切除1例，胆汁引流法：T型管4例，U型管2例。术中发现肝…     

The impact of portal vein resection on outcomes for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A multi-institutional analysis of 305 cases

BACKGROUND. Surgical strategy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma often includes hepatectomy, but the role of portal vein resection (PVR) remains controversial. In this study, the authors sought to identify factors associated with outcome after surgical management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and examined the impact of PVR on survival.

METHODS:

Three hundred five patients who underwent curative‐intent surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 1984 and 2010 were identified from an international, multi‐institutional database. Clinicopathologic data were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS:

Most patients had hilar cholangiocarcinoma with tumors classified as T3/T4 (51.1%) and Bismuth‐Corlette type II/III (60.9%). Resection involved extrahepatic bile duct resection (EHBR) alone (26.6%); or hepatectomy and EHBR without PVR (56.7%); or combined hepatectomy, EHBR, and PVR (16.7%). Negative resection (R0) margin status was higher among the patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR (without PVR, 64.2%; with PVR, 66.7%) versus EHBR alone (54.3%; P < .001). The median number of lymph nodes assessed was higher among the patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR (without PVR, 6 lymph nodes; with PVR, 4 lymph nodes) versus EHBR alone (2 lymph nodes; P < .001). The 90‐day mortality rate was lower for patients who underwent EHBR alone (1.2%) compared with the rate for patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR (without PVR, 10.6%, with PVR, 17.6%; P < .001). The overall 5‐year survival rate was 20.2%. Factors that were associated with an adverse prognosis included lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; P = .002) and R1 margin status (HR, 1.81; P < .001). Microscopic vascular invasion did not influence survival (HR, 1.23; P = .19). Among the patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR, PVR was not associated with a worse long‐term outcome (P = .76).

CONCLUSIONS:

EHBR alone was associated with a greater risk of positive surgical margins and worse lymph node clearance. The current results indicated that hepatectomy should be considered the standard treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and PVR should be undertaken when necessary to extirpate all disease. Combined hepatectomy, EHBR, and PVR can offer long‐term survival in some patients with advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

肝门胆管癌神经周围侵袭的研究进展

肿瘤的神经周围侵袭(perineural invasion,PNI)是一种特殊的恶性肿瘤转移方式,与肝门胆管癌及胰腺癌等多种恶性肿瘤的不良预后相关.肝门胆管癌肿瘤细胞与神经之间的相互作用主要包括细胞形态改变和分子间相互作用.其微环境中的多种分子包括M3毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体、趋化因子、神经营养因子-β、MicroRNA及L...     

三维可视化技术在肝门部胆管癌术前评估中的应用

  目的  探讨三维可视化技术在肝门部胆管癌术前评估中的应用价值。  方法  收集2014年3月至2016年4月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院38例肝门部胆管癌手术患者临床资料,将所有患者分为两组,对照组术前未行三维可视化重建（n=20）,观察组术前行三维可视化重建（n=18）。分析两组术前诊断结果与术中实际情况的相符程度,并比较两组相关手术指标。  结果  在肿瘤纵向和门静脉、肝动脉垂直方向侵犯评估中,观察组和对照组都具有较高的准确率,二者无显著性差异。而在肝门部解剖分型上,观察组中所有患者分型与术中实际吻合,吻合率高于对照组（100% vs. 70%,P＜0.05）,同时对肝体积的预估和实测更加精确（r=0.986,P＜0.001）。此外,与对照组相比,观察组平均术中出血量、手术时间明显减少（P＜0.05）,R0切除率无明显差异。  结论  三维可视化技术能精准完成肝门部胆管癌术前评估。      

局部晚期肝门部胆管癌根治术后放射治疗

目的回顾性分析及评价肝门部胆管癌根治性术后放射治疗的结果.方法 1992年3月～1997年12月76例肝门部胆管癌患者接受根治性手术,其中47例术后病理显示切缘有镜下残留(R1组),47例中28例接受术后放射治疗(S RT组),6～15MV X线外照射,靶区剂量达45～62Gy,中位剂量52Gy.术后中位随访期30个月(4～113个月).结果(n=47)总5年生存率28%,中位生存期19.6个月.S RT组(n=28)5年生存率、中位生存期显著高于S组(n=19),分别为34%、29个月和14%、10.0个月(P=0.0141).结论根治性手术结合放射治疗可明显延长切缘阳性患者的生存期;早、晚期放射反应可以耐受.     

47例肝门部胆管癌的相关预后影响因素分析

目的探讨影响肝门部胆管癌的预后因素。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2009年1月47例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料,分析肝门部胆管癌的预后影响因素。结果全组患者的1年生存率为63.6%,3年生存率为18.2%,5年生存率为6.8%。Cox回归模型分析显示肿瘤分期和局部浸润与转移是影响肝门部胆管癌患者预后的独立风险因素。结论肝门部胆管癌的预后与肿瘤分期和局部浸润与转移密切相关,选择适宜的治疗方式,有望获得良好的近远期治疗效果。     

可切除肝门部胆管癌患者临床病理特征及预后影响因素分析

目的:探讨可切除肝门部胆管癌（hilar cholangiocarcinoma,HC）患者术前血清CEA、CA19-9水平与临床病理因素的相关性,并进一步分析上述各因素与HC患者行根治术后预后的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年1月中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治的109例行根治性切除的HC患者的临床病理资料,研究术前血清CEA、CA19-9水平与各临床病理特征的相关性,并进一步分析上述各因素与HC患者行根治性切除术后预后的相关性。结果:术前血清CEA水平与HC各临床病理特征无关（P＞0.05）。术前黄疸越重,血清CA19-9水平越高（P＜0.05）。肿瘤侵犯血管的HC患者,术前血清CA19-9水平较高（P＜0.05）。HC患者TNM分期越晚,术前血清CA19-9水平越高（P＜0.05）。门静脉侵犯、淋巴结转移、TNM分期以及术前血清CA19-9水平是影响HC患者术后1年生存率的危险因素（P＜0.05）,其中淋巴结转移、门静脉侵犯、CA19-9是影响患者术后1年生存率的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论:可切除HC患者术前血清CA19-9水平与临床分期及血管侵犯情况存在一定相关性;早期 HC患者行根治性切除术后预后较好,提高HC早期诊断率有助于进一步改善HC患者的生存预后;结合术前血清CA19-9水平、门静脉侵犯及淋巴结转移等多种因素可预测HC患者行根治性切除术后的生存率。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断肝门部胆管癌的临床价值

目的:探讨肝门部胆管癌的彩色多普勒超声图像特征,评价其术前定性临床价值。方法:回顾性分析 58例经手术病理证实为肝门部胆管癌的彩色多普勒声像图表现。结果:58例肝门部胆管癌中,术前超声诊断为49 例,诊断符合率 84.48%,漏误诊率为 15.52%。肝门部胆管癌的声像图多表现为肝门部肿块、胆管壁增厚伴管腔狭窄,梗阻部近端肝内胆管扩张等,可作为诊断肝门部胆管癌的主要声像图表现。诊断的关键是受侵胆管壁的厚度。结论:彩色多普勒超声对肝门部胆管癌诊断准确率较高,定位准确,可作为诊断肝门部胆管癌的首选方法。     

肝部分切除与肝十二指肠韧带骨髂化治疗肝门部胆管癌

Objective To summarize the surgical experience of partial hepatectomy with skeletonization of the hepatoduodenal ligament in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Between Jan.1999 and Dec,2001,67 consecutive patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent surgical exploration at the Second Military Medical University,Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital.The clinical data of these patients were reviewed.Results Of the 67 patients,65(97%) underwent surgical resection.Fourty-nine patients(73%) received curative resection:22 skeletonization resection(SR) and 27 SR combined with partial hepatectomy.In 16 patients(9%) with curative resection the tumor margin was histologically postive and the resection was therefore considered palliative.The tumors were classified according to Bismuth with SR was type Ⅱ(17cases),various types of partial hepatectomy with SR was type Ⅲ and type IV.Right lobectomy with right caudate lobectomy was indicated in type Ⅲ(6cases),left lobectomy with complete caudate lobectomy in type Ⅲb(15cases),right loobectomy with complete caudate lobectomy(3 cases),left lobectomy with complete caudate lobectomy(9 cases) and quadrate lobectomy(2 cases)in type IV.SR and left lobectomy with complete caudate lobectomy was successfully performed in 2 patients(3%) who had undergone palliative biliary resection and cholangiojejunostomy before.Eight patients(12%) had local resecton of the tumor with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction using intrahepatic stents.Two patients(3%) had palliative biliary drainage.Combined portal vein resection was performed in 13 patients(20%) and hepatic artery resection in 27 patients(40%) .Twenty-four atients(36%) had no postoperative complication,23 patients(34%) had minor complications only ,and the remaining 20 patients(30%) had major complications.Of the 20 patients with major complications,14 recovered,the remaining 6 patients died from hepatorenal failure with other organ failures,from myocardial infarction or from intraabdominal or gastrointestianl bleeding 7,12,14,42,57 or 89 days after surgery.The 30-day operative mortality was 4.5%.The mean survival of the patient with curative resecton was 16 months(range 1-32 months);for those undergong palliative resection mean survival was 7 months(range 1-14months).Conlusion Partial hepatectomy with SR for hilar cholangiocarcinoma can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality.For curative treatmet of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,caudate lobectomy is always recommended in Bismuth Ⅲ/IV.     

多层螺旋CT血管造影对原发性肝癌动静脉瘘和肝外供血动脉评估价值

目的 原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer,PLC)是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,治疗尤其是介入治疗前,需详细了解肝脏及肝脏肿瘤的血管准确解剖.多层螺旋CT血管造影(multislice spiral CT angiography,MSCTA)具有扫描速度快,覆盖范围广,后处理技术成熟等优势,本研究旨在探讨MSCTA在PLC患者肝动脉-门静脉瘘(hepatic artery-portal vein fistula,HAPVF)及肝外供血动脉术前评估中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2014-10-01-2015-10-01山东大学附属山东省肿瘤医院介入科收治的90例PLC患者MSCTA和数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)临床资料,评价HAPVF和肝动脉-肝静脉瘘(hepatic artery-hepatic vein fistula,HAHVF)发生率及其与肿瘤大小、部位和肝硬变程度的关系;肝外供血动脉与毗邻肿瘤的关系.以DSA结果为金标准,分析MSCTA评估PLC血管异常的准确性.结果 90例PLC患者中,共发现HAPVF 48例,发生率为53.3%,其中A组0例,B组5例(10.4%),C组17例(35.4%),D组26例(54.2%);中心型28例(58.3%),周围型20例(41.7%);Child-Pugh A级34例(70.8%),Child-Pugh B级12例(25%),Child-Pugh C级2例(4.2%).HAHVF 4例,发生率为4.4%.二元Logistics回归分析显示,肿瘤大小及肝硬变程度是HAPVF的独立危险因素,P<0.05.MSCTA共检出HAPVF 45例,中央型28例,准确率为100.0%(28/28);周围型17例,准确率85.0%(17/20);总体准确率为93.8%(45/48),与DSA结果进行比较,差异无统计学意义,χ2=3.097,P>0.05.19例患者存在24条肝外供血动脉,均发生于C组和D组,周围型和中心型分别为 87.5%和12.5%,MSCTA发现22条,两者比较差异无统计学意义,χ2=2.087,P>0.05.结论 MSCTA技术可准确显示HAPVF及肝外供血动脉,肿瘤大小及肝硬化分级是肝动-静脉瘘的独立危险因素.肝外供血动脉多发生于块状型、巨块型且位于多肝脏边缘区域的肝癌.