胫骨平台骨折非解剖复位对膝关节功能影响的研究

目的分析随访病例关节移位的类型、部位、程度对膝关节功能的影响,探讨影响胫骨平台骨折治疗效果的关键因素。方法对1991年6月～2004年6月间在我院治疗的不同类型胫骨平台骨折进行回顾性分析,对有良好随访的29例未达解剖复位或术后出现复位丢失的病例的X线片进行分析,并进行膝关节功能评分。结果随访6个月～13年,平均3.5年,膝关节功能参照Rasmussen评分法,优11例,良13例,可4例,差1例,优良率达82.75%。结论胫骨平台骨折获得良好治疗效果首先要恢复膝关节的稳定性,其次要恢复膝关节良好的力线,再者要在保护膝关节周围软组织情况下恢复关节面的解剖复位,并要有完善、合理的康复计划。     

High-energy tibial plateau fractures

The severity of a tibial plateau fracture and the complexity of its treatment depend on the energy imparted to the limb. Low-energy injuries typically cause unilateral depression-type fractures, whereas high-energy injuries can lead to comminuted fractures with significant osseous, soft-tissue, and neurovascular injury. Evaluation includes appropriate radiographs and careful clinical assessment of the soft-tissue envelope. Treatment is directed at safeguarding tissue vascularity and emphasizes restoration of joint congruity and the mechanical axis of the limb. Temporary joint-spanning external fixation facilitates soft-tissue recovery, whereas minimally invasive techniques and anatomically contoured plates can limit damage to the soft tissues and provide stable fixation. Alternatively, the use of limited internal fixation and definitive external fixation can minimize soft-tissue disruption, avoid complications, and allow fracture union. Complications, including infection, loss of fixation, and malalignment, are best avoided by following these biologically respectful treatment principles.     

内侧加前外侧入路治疗胫骨平台三柱骨折

目的:探讨运用胫骨平台三柱分型,联合内侧加前外侧入路钢板内固定方法治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法:2010年3月至2012年3月,采用内侧加前外侧入路,应用"T"形、"L"形钢板或桡骨远端"T"形钢板内固定治疗涉及胫骨平台三柱骨折,共20例。其中男13例,女7例;年龄29~52岁,平均39.4岁;受伤至手术时间8~12 d,平均9 d。末次随访按照美国特种外科医院膝关节功能评分方法评定疗效及测量胫骨平台的内翻角、后倾角、股胫角。结果:患者平均手术时间2.11 h,术中出血量平均452 ml,平均住院时间22.3 d,20例术后均获随访,时间12~20个月,平均14.6个月。骨折愈合时间3~8个月,平均6.1个月。20例胫骨平台内翻角、后倾角、股胫角术后3 d分别为(86.1±2.7)°、(10.7±1.6)°、(168.0±4.7)°,术后1年分别为(84.1±3.2)°、(13.7±1.9)°、(170.0±5.8)°,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访按照美国特种外科医院膝关节功能评分方法评定疗效:优11例,良6例,中2例,差1例。术后无神经及血管损伤,术后1例出现局部感染,1例发生切口皮缘部分坏死,均经保守治疗痊愈。4例术后出现小腿内下方感觉麻木,无螺钉松动、断裂及内固定失效等其他并发症发生。结论:采用内侧加前外侧入路治疗胫骨平台三柱骨折能够术中不更换体位,术后获得更优良的解剖复位和更坚强的固定,有利于膝关节早期功能的锻炼。     

Posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures

OBJECTIVE: To present a case series of patients with posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures treated by direct fracture exposure and fixation through dual incisions. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Level 1 trauma centers. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients were identified that had posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Two patients had depressed posterolateral tibial plateau fractures with contained defects and did not have direct fracture exposure. One patient died of medical problems leaving 5 patients who underwent direct fracture exposure, reduction, and fixation. INTERVENTION: Posteromedial followed by posterolateral open reduction and internal fixation of posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. RESULTS: At 6 to 24 months follow-up (mean 13 months), all patients returned to near full activities, each with aching after prolonged standing (8-hour shift). Range of motion averaged 2 degrees to 121 degrees of flexion. Three of 5 returned to manual labor jobs; the others were not employed at the time of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures have a high association with lateral meniscal pathology and can be associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Reduction of the posterior plateau condyles is easiest with the knee in full extension. Flexion contractures can be a problem, and patients should be encouraged to regain/maintain knee extension. The dual-incision approach to these challenging fractures can result in good to excellent knee function for these patients.     

Medial tibial plateau fracture complicating unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

We describe a new cause of a medial tibial plateau fracture complicating the early postoperative rehabilitation following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The patient was successfully treated by open reduction and internal fixation by buttress plating the fracture and retaining the prosthesis. The treatment option used proved to be successful, although careful patient selection for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty should be recommended to decrease the risk of this complication.     

Balloon tibioplasty for tibial plateau fractures

BackgroundTibial plateau fractures are complex intra-articular injuries. The aim of treatment is to restore joint congruity and alignment. Balloon tibioplasty is a novel, minimally invasive technique to reduce the fracture and restore the continuity of the articular surface. A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines in order to assess the outcomes from this procedure.Sources of dataThe online databases of Pubmed, Google scholar, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched. Articles of interest were retrieved and evaluated, including case series, randomised controlled trials and cadaver studies.Areas of agreementEight studies (one randomised controlled trial, four case series and three cadaver studies) were included in the final review. The studies demonstrated adequate fracture reduction with favourable clinical and imaging outcomes from balloon tibioplasty. Very few complications were described.Areas of controversyThere is a small volume of literature currently available on balloon tibioplasty with an overall low level of evidence. The overall number of reported cases is also small.Growing pointsFurther research is necessary, with adequately powered randomised controlled trials. Further areas of research include type of bone substitute and the use of arthroscopically assisted surgery.     

关节镜下手术治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的 探讨关节镜下撬拨复位经皮内固定术治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法 11例胫骨平台骨折在关节镜下通过撬拨复位重建塌陷的胫骨平台,并经皮用松质骨螺钉固定。结果患者骨折均达到临床骨愈合,无感染和严重骨关节炎等并发症。膝关节功能恢复良好。结论关节镜下撬拨复位经皮内固定术治疗胫骨平台骨折,具有损伤小、操作安全、直视下复位固定确切、能同时处理关节内合并伤等优点,有利于术后早期功能锻炼。     

关节镜监视下治疗胫骨平台骨折

2004—2006年,我院采用关节镜监视和定位治疗胫骨平台骨折,获得了良好的效果。     

关节镜监视下治疗胫骨平台骨折50例分析

[目的]评价关节镜监视下治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效.[方法]回顾性分析采用关节镜监视下治疗胫骨平台骨折50例,术后随访时间14～42个月,平均17.2个月.[结果]骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间3.8个月,1例病人出现浅表感染,经局部换药愈合.无骨筋膜室综合征及下肢深静脉栓塞.膝关节功能评分参照HSS评分标准:优25例,良21例,可3例,差1例,优良率92%.[结论]关节镜辅助下胫骨平台骨折治疗,具有创伤小,恢复快,并发症少等优点,并且可以允许早期膝关节全范围活动、促进关节功能迅速康复.     

胫骨平台骨折的手术治疗

2004年1月～2007年12月,我们采用钢板内固定治疗48例胫骨平台骨折患者,术后注重早期康复锻炼,获得满意疗效。 1材料与方法 1．1病例资料本组48例,男33例,女15例,年龄21-60岁。闭合性骨折43例,开放性骨折5例。按Schatker分型：Ⅰ型6例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型12例,Ⅳ型10例,Ⅴ型5例,Ⅵ型3例。合并伤：半月板损伤8例,前交叉韧带损伤6例,内侧副韧带损伤3例。手术时问为伤后2h～7d。开放性损伤均急诊手术治疗,闭合性损伤根据软组织情况择期手术治疗。     

基于CT的胫骨平台骨折的三柱分型

目的 介绍一种基于CT的胫骨平台骨折的三柱分型,并评价其临床应用效果.方法 2004年12月至2007年3月,304例(323侧)胫骨平台骨折应用三柱分型,其中有4侧单纯压缩骨折,181侧单柱骨折,108侧双柱骨折和30侧三柱骨折.根据三柱分型选择手术入路及内固定方式,外侧柱、内侧柱和后侧柱骨折分别使用前外侧入路、改良正中入路和倒L形入路,对于双柱和三柱骨折则采取联合入路进行手术,术后随访评价临床效果. 结果 单柱、双柱及三柱骨折的平均手术时间分别是72.3、87.5、97.2 min,平均随访20.3个月(12～35个月),随访率为87.8%,平均骨折愈合时间为14.6周,平均完全负重时间为15.9周.术后12个月的SF-36和HSS评分平均为90.7分和87.8分,膝关节活动度为2°～123°.测量术后即刻与术后12个月X线片上的胫骨平台内翻角及后倾角,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).并发症及处理:5例延迟愈合,2例螺钉松动,6例伤口浅表感染及5例部分伤口坏死经伤口处理后治愈,1例深部感染经清创及移除内置物后治愈,另有3例并发腓肠肌后内侧麻木. 结论 基于CT的胫骨平台骨折三柱分型在指导复杂胫骨平台骨折(特别是累及后柱的骨折)治疗方法的选择上更为可靠.     

Arthroscopic management of tibial plateau fractures

Since the mid 1980 s the arthroscopically and radiologically controlled management of tibial plateau fractures is an established part of arthroscopic surgery of the knee. The aim of this study is to analyse the results of this method in our patient population. Between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 1998 59 patients were operated under arthroscopic and radiologic control. Of the 59 tibial plateau fractures there were concomitant ligamentous injuries in 21 cases. In 34 cases an additional arthroscopic procedure was performed (partial meniscectomy 19 times, a meniscal repair 7 times. An arthroscopic procedure was necessary because of chondral lesions 14 times, and in 10 cases a rupture of the ACL was found, which was treated by resection). None of the 8 patients with lateral wedge fracture had a concomitant intraarticular lesion. The intraoperative use of Endobon provided good mechanical stability, but it is not always necessary. The negative aspect of Endobon, however, is the high cost. The number of complications in our series was low (3 intra- and 6 postoperative complications). The average follow-up interval was 48 months. According to the Lysholm-Score, 41 patients investigated obtained an average of 84 points. Because of its good results this procedure can be recommended when conducted by an experienced arthroscopic surgeon. However, the range of indications is limited to special tibial plateau fractures. In case of intraoperative problems or complications we recommend an early change to conventional methods of internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures.     

Arthroscopic management of tibial plateau fractures

Twenty-one tibial plateau fractures with 1 to 5 years follow-up are reviewed for the purpose of demonstrating the positive impact arthroscopy can have on patients sustaining this injury. Controversy between open and nonopen management has existed for decades. Arthroscopy bridges that controversy, allowing the advantages of accurate reduction and rigid fixation without extensive operative exposure. In addition, arthroscopy allows thorough lavage, removal of loose fragments, and accurate diagnosis of associated intraarticular pathology. Since extensive exposure is avoided, rapid recovery with reduced pain and early full range of motion is achieved in patients managed arthroscopically. Biomechanics of rigid percutaneous internal and external fixation are presented to demonstrate that no principles are compromised in arthroscopic management. Associated meniscal and ligamentous injuries in this series are treated either arthroscopically or through secondary accessory incisions. Fractures are classified as to the applicability of arthroscopic management.     

Injury severity assessment in tibial plateau fractures

Assessment of injury severity is an integral component of the care of the patient with a fracture of the tibial plateau. Devising ways to reliably quantify injury severity, and to make predictive links between injury severity and outcome, however, has been difficult. Assessment of patient-related factors, such as age, functional capabilities, and medical comorbidities, are necessarily subjective, but certain of these factors clearly shape the treatment plan for a patient with a tibial plateau fracture. Clinical examination findings, such as extent of soft tissue injury and mediolateral stability of the knee, also play an important role in determining treatment and predicting outcome. Radiographic classification of tibial plateau fractures also is an important determinant of treatment, but current classification systems have suffered from disappointing interobserver reliability. Although the severity of injury to the articular cartilage almost certainly affects outcome, there currently are no validated modalities to measure this important factor. More carefully validated tools are needed in many of these areas if we are to perfect our understanding of injury severity and establish more accurate correlations between injury severity and outcomes.