Monolithic Dual Mobility Cup Total Hip Arthroplasty Has High Complication Rates With Surgical Fixation in Elderly With Femur Neck Fracture

BackgroundThis study is prospectively conducted to evaluate surgical complications of monolithic dual mobility cup total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients with fractured neck of the femur.MethodsNinety-seven patients (97 hips) with displaced femoral neck fracture who gave informed consent for participation were prospectively enrolled. Their mean age was 76.6 years (range, 60-95 years), and the mean bone mineral density T-score of neck of the femur was −2.8 (range, −1.2 to −5.5). All patients underwent THA with monolithic dual mobility cup, and computed tomography scans were obtained to evaluate radiographic parameters including anteversion, inclination, and loosening of acetabular cups, and periprosthetic acetabular fractures.ResultsWith regard to cup orientation, mean inclination angle was 40.2° (range, 23.5°-63°) and mean anteversion was 32.6° (range, 7°-66.2°). The proportion of surgical outliers was 10.3% (10/97) in inclination and 35.1% (34/97) in anteversion. Early cup loosening within 2 weeks was detected in 2 hips. Periprosthetic acetabular fractures were identified in 6 hips (6/97, 6.2%). Of the 6 fractures, 5 nondisplaced fractures were healed with conservative management, but 1 fracture with displacement eventually led to cup loosening and the patient underwent revision surgery. Reoperation rate of the monolithic dual mobility cup was 4.1% (4/97).ConclusionThe use of the monolithic dual mobility was associated with improper cup fixation and periprosthetic acetabular fractures in the elderly with poor bone stock, although the dual mobility cup lowered the risk of early dislocation after THA.     

Outcomes of free vascularized fibular graft for post-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head

IntroductionOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) can occur after traumatic injuries of the hip. Surgical treatment with total hip arthroplasty (THA) may not produce lifelong viability in younger patients. Free vascularized fibular graft (FVFG) has become a reliable method to delay or even avoid THA in this patient population by aiming to correct loss of viable bone through vascularized autologous bone transfer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longevity and outcomes of FVFG for traumatic hip injuries resulting in ONFH.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of our institutional database of patients who had undergone FVFG from 1980-2006 for post-traumatic ONFH and had a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Data collected included demographics, pre-operative Urbaniak ONFH staging, Harris Hip scores (HHS), SF-12 scores, and conversion to THA.ResultsSeventy-two hips in 68 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 11.6 years (range 5.1–33.2 years). Etiology included femoral neck fracture in 36 patients (61%), hip dislocation in 7 (12%), trauma without fracture or dislocation in 11 (19%), and femoral neck nonunion in 5 (8%). The most common stage at presentation was stage IV (48 patients). Graft survival at final follow-up (mean 10.9 years) was 64%, with mean time to conversion to THA of 8.4 years in those that did not survive (36%). There was no difference between THA conversion rates in hips with pre-collapse (Stage I and II) versus impending or post-collapse (Stage III or IV) lesions (p = 0.227). In hips with surviving grafts at final follow-up, mean HHS improved from 56.7 to 77.3 (SD 24.57, range 69–93), a mean improvement of 20.6 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study reveals improvement in HHS in surviving FVFG and an acceptable overall THA conversion rate at mid to long term follow-up in Urbaniak stage I through IV hips. FVFG remains a viable option for treatment in younger patients with pre- and post-collapse (stage IV) ONFH lesions secondary to hip trauma.     

Accuracy of a New Digital Templating Method for Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) and iPhone Technology: Comparison With Acetate Templating on Digital Radiography

BackgroundPreoperative templating for total hip arthroplasty (THA) on digital radiography can be achieved using templating software or hybrid methods (acetate templates overlaid on digital images). No studies have examined templating with a mobile phone. We evaluated the accuracy and reproducibility of a new digital templating method using the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and iPhone, compared with the hybrid method for cementless THA.MethodsA total of 113 hip radiographs were retrospectively templated by three observers. For the digital method, a circle was drawn on the acetabulum using PACS to represent the cup. The photograph of the computer screen was taken with an iPhone and imported into the Keynote presentation software. The femoral stem was then templated with transparent digital templates, which had been digitized from acetate templates. For the hybrid method, an acetate template was placed over the onscreen digital radiographs. Templated results were compared with the actual components used.ResultsThe digital method was more accurate than the hybrid method to predict ±1 size of femoral stem [93.8% (106 hips) vs 84.1% (95 hips), P = .032] and offset [90.3% (102 hips) vs 75.2% (85 hips), P = .004)]. The accuracies of digital and hybrid techniques were comparable with predict ±1 size for acetabular cup [92.9% (105 hips) vs 89.4% (101 hips), P = .483] and neck length [98.2% (111 hips) vs 96.5% (109 hips), P = .683]. Both techniques had substantial to almost perfect agreement for intraobserver and interobserver reliability.ConclusionDigital templating using PACS and iPhone is accurate and reproducible for predicting implant size of cementless THA.     

Eighteen-Year Follow-Up Study of 2 Alternative Bearing Surfaces Used in Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Same Young Patients

BackgroundThis study compares the long-term functional, radiographic, and computed tomography scan outcomes and implant survivorship of ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty (C-O-C THA) and ceramic-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene total hip arthroplasty (C-O-HXLPE THA) in the same patients.MethodsIn this randomized, prospective trial conducted between January 1999 and April 2003, 133 patients (266 hips) younger than 55 years were enrolled. Each patient received C-O-C THA in 1 hip and a C-O-HXLPE THA in the other. The mean follow-up was 17.1 years (range, 15-18 years); there were 84 men and 49 women with a mean age of 53 ± 7 years (range, 25-55 years).ResultsAt the latest follow-up, mean Harris hip scores (94 vs 93 points; P = .861), pain scores (43 vs 42 points; P = .651), and patient satisfaction scores (7.8 vs 7.6 points; P = .379) were not different between the 2 groups. Eight hips (3%) in the C-O-C THA had an audible squeaking sound. The mean annual penetration rate of HXLPE was 0.0162 ± 0.032 mm per year. No osteolysis was recorded on radiographs or computed tomography scans in either group. At 17.1 years, the survival rate of the acetabular component was 97% in the C-O-C bearing group and 98% in the C-O-HXLPE bearing group (P = .923). The survival rate of the femoral component was 99% in both groups.ConclusionBoth C-O-C THA and C-O-HXLPE THA functioned well, with no osteolysis at mean of 17.1-year follow-up.     

Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Large-Diameter Metal-On-Metal Articulation in Patients With Neuromuscular Weakness

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of THA using large-diameter metal-on-metal articulation in patients with neuromuscular weakness. Nineteen consecutive patients (19 hips) with neuromuscular weakness and displaced femoral neck fractures were enrolled. Functional improvement and recovery, radiological evaluation of THA and surgical morbidity were assessed. Mean Harris hip and WOMAC scores at final follow-up were 81.0 and 42.9, respectively. At final follow-up, no dislocation, metal hypersensitivity, or osteolysis was observed and no patient required revision of THA. The findings of this study indicate that the functional results of THA using large-diameter metal-on-metal articulation in patients with neuromuscular weakness can produce satisfactory outcomes with early functional recovery and a low dislocation rate.     

Cobalt Levels and Pseudotumor Characteristics Vary due to Metal Ion Source: Modular Femoral Neck vs Metal-on-Metal Articulations

BackgroundThis study examines cobalt levels and pseudotumor characteristics in a non-recalled modular femoral prosthesis. We sought to determine relationships between serum cobalt levels and pseudotumors following modular and metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA), the location and size of pseudotumors, and changes to pseudotumor grade over time.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 190 primary THAs implanted with a dual-modular femoral stem by one surgeon from 2005 to 2013. One hundred seventeen THAs used a cobalt-chromium modular neck (CoCrMN) component and non-MoM articulation, 63 THAs had a titanium neck component and MoM articulation, and 10 had a titanium neck component and polyethylene liner. Serum ion levels were recorded for all patients. Pseudotumor grade and location were measured by musculoskeletal-trained radiologists.ResultsCobalt levels did not correlate to time after index arthroplasty. In the CoCrMN group, cobalt levels were elevated in 11 of 19 (57.9%) patients with pseudotumor compared to 14 of 19 (73.7%) in the MoM group. Pseudotumors were more often located lateral to the hip joint in the CoCrMN group compared to anteromedial following MoM arthroplasty. In CoCrMN THAs, pseudotumors were visualized in 12 of 51 (23.5%) initial MARS MRIs within 40 months compared to 5 of 66 (7.6%) performed later (P = .02).ConclusionPseudotumor characteristics differ between patients with CoCrMN designs vs those with an MoM articulation. Normal serum cobalt levels did not exclude the presence of a pseudotumor and routine MARS MRI should be included in follow-up of patients with this CoCrMN prostheses.     

Long-Term Results of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Young Patients With Osteonecrosis After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematological Disease: A Multicenter,Propensity-Matched Cohort Study With a Mean 11-Year Follow-Up

BackgroundThe number of young patients with hematological disease requiring total hip arthroplasty (THA) is expected to increase. We aimed to investigate the long-term THA outcomes in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for hematological disease.MethodsAll patients who underwent THA for osteonecrosis after BMT from 1997 to 2012 were identified at 2 institutions. Using propensity scores, 75 THAs in 45 patients were matched for age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and year of surgery with 75 THAs in 58 patients with idiopathic ONFH without a history of hematological disease (1:1 ratio). The mean age at surgery was 36.7 years and 52% were men. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed and clinical scores were obtained at last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare survivorship.ResultsAt a mean follow-up of 10.6 ± 3.5 years, clinical, radiographic, and survivorship outcomes, and the Harris hip scores were similar between both groups. The 13-year survivorship for all-cause revision was 93.4% for the BMT group and 95% for the control group (P = .928). No significant differences were observed between groups in the rates of reoperation (4% vs 5.3%, P = 1.000), 90-day readmission (all 5.3%), or overall mortality (4.4% vs 1.7%, P = .681). No hips had periprosthetic joint infection or septic loosening in either group. Osteolysis occurred in none of the BMT patients and in 2 hips (2.7%) of the control patients (P = .497).ConclusionThis large cohort multicenter survey at 11-year follow-up shows that contemporary cementless THA in young hematological disease patients after allogeneic BMT is not associated with a higher risk for surgical complications, revision, reoperation, readmission, and mortality compared to a matched cohort of idiopathic ONFH.     

Acetabular morphological variation in Asian patients with femoral neck fracture: A three-dimensional CT-based study

AimsThe acetabular morphology varies greatly among individuals, and hypoplasia is more common in Asia than in Europe. Dislocation after bipolar hip arthroplasty (BHA) for femoral neck fracture occurs at a constant rate, and is affected by the acetabular morphology. This study aimed to clarify individual differences in the acetabula of Asian patients with displaced femoral neck fractures.Patients and methodsFifty patients with displaced femoral neck fractures were assessed (50 fractured hips, 50 non-fractured hips). On CT corrected by the anterior pelvic plane, the 100 hips were assessed regarding acetabular coverage (six parameters), acetabular depth (two parameters), and acetabular opening angle (four parameters). Additional parameters related to the fracture and sex were examined. The percentile of each parameter was shown for all hips.ResultsThere was no patient with hip dysplasia defined as superior acetabular sector angle (SASA) less than 110° Compared with men, women had a significantly smaller anterior acetabular sector angle (AASA) (p = 0.016), and significantly larger acetabular inclination angle (p = 0.006) and acetabular index angle (p = 0.034). In the group with a normal SASA, seven hips (7.3%) had an anterior wall defect (AASA<50°) and five hips (5.2%) had a posterior wall defect (posterior acetabular sector angle<90°).ConclusionOlder adults with femoral neck fractures can have anterior wall and posterior wall defects, even if their SASA is normal. Hidden acetabular dysplasia may be related to post-BHA dislocation. So, our results suggest that is important to accurately evaluate the acetabulum of patients with femoral neck fracture before surgery.     

Closed reduction and internal fixation versus total hip arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fracture

Objective： To compare the clinical effects between closed reduction and internal fixation （CRIF） and total hip arthroplasty （THA） for displaced femoral neck fracture. Methods： In this prospective randomized study, 285 patients aged above 65 years with hip fractures （Garden III or IV） were included from January 2001 to December 2005. The cases were randomly allocated to either the CRIF group or THA group. Patients with pathological fractures （bone tumors or metabolic bone disease）, preoperative avascular necrosis of the femoral head, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hemiplegia, long-term bed rest and complications affecting hip functions were excluded. Results： During the had significantly higher 5-year follow-up, CRIF group rates of complication in hipjoint, general complication and reoperation than THA group （38.3% vs. 12.7%, P〈0.01; 45.3% vs. 21.7%, P〈0.01; 33.6% vs. 10.2%, P〈0.05 respectively）. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups. Postoperative function of the hip joint in THA group recovered favorably with higher Harris scores. Conclusion： For displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients, THA can achieve a lower rate of complication and reoperation, as well as better postoperative recovery of hip joint function compared with CRIF.     

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Osteopetrosis

BackgroundOsteopetrosis is an inherited bone disease associated with high risk of osteoarthritis and fracture non-union, which can lead to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Bone quality and morphology are altered in these patients, and there are limited data on results of THA in these patients. The goals of this study were to describe implant survivorship, clinical outcomes, radiographic results, and complications in patients with osteopetrosis undergoing primary THA.MethodsWe identified 7 patients (9 hips) with osteopetrosis who underwent primary THA between 1970 and 2017 utilizing our total joint registry. The mean age at index THA was 48 years and included two males and five females. The mean follow-up was 8 years.ResultsThe 10-year survivorship free from any revision or implant removal was 89%, with 1 revision and 1 resection arthroplasty secondary to periprosthetic femoral fractures. The 10-year survivorship free from any reoperation was 42%, with 4 additional reoperations (2 ORIFs for periprosthetic femoral fractures, 1 sciatic nerve palsy lysis of adhesions, 1 hematoma evacuation). Harris hip scores significantly increased at 5 years (P = .04). Five hips had an intraoperative acetabular fracture, and 1 had an intraoperative femur fracture. All postoperative femoral fractures occurred in patients with intramedullary diameter less than 5 mm at a level 10 cm distal to the lesser trochanter.ConclusionPrimary THA in patients with osteopetrosis is associated with good 10-year implant survivorship (89%), but a very high reoperation (58%) and periprosthetic femoral fracture rate (44%). Femoral fractures appear associated with smaller intramedullary diameters.     

Is Robotic-Assisted Technology Still Accurate in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Fibrous-Fused Hips?

BackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) for fibrous-fused hips is technically demanding. This study aimed to evaluate the precision and accuracy, as well as the rate of conversion of robotic-assisted THA in such difficult patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 67 patients (84 hips) who underwent THA with fibrous-fused hips between August 2018 and June 2021 at our institution. Demographics, acetabular cup positioning, leg-length discrepancies, and postoperative Harris hip scores were recorded for all patients. Thirty-six patients (44 hips) who underwent robotic-assisted THA and 31 patients (40 hips) who underwent manual THA were enrolled in this study.ResultsThe robot accurately executed the preoperative plan, and there were no statistically significant differences between the preoperative planned anteversion, inclination, and postoperative measurements. In the robotic group, the percentage of acetabular cups in the safe zone was significantly higher than in the manual group (87.2 versus 55%, respectively, P = .042). The rate of conversion to manual THA for various reasons in the robotic-assisted THA group was 11.4% (5/44). Compared with manual THA, the mean increase in operative time for conversion from robotic-assisted to manual THA was 24 min (P < .001).ConclusionIn patients who have fibrous-fused hips, preoperative planning can be accurately executed by robotic-assisted technology. Compared with manual THA, robotic-assisted THA had a remarkable advantage in improving the frequency of achieving cup positioning within the target zone. Overall, robotic-assisted technology was helpful in such difficult cases, and the approximately 11.4% of cases converted to manual THA are reminders that surgeons should be thoroughly prepared preoperatively.     

Ceramic on ceramic hip arthroplasty in fused hips

Background:Most literature in the field of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for fused hips, until date has reported the results of using metal on polyethylene and ceramic on polyethylene bearings. Results of THA using ceramic on ceramic (CoC) bearings in fused hips have not been published in literature. This study reports the results of cementless THA using CoC articulation perfomed in fused hips.Results:Mean Harris hip score improved from 42.4 to 84.2 and mean leg lengthening of 36.6 mm was achieved. In the average 5.4 years (range 2.8-9.1 years) followup there were no cases with osteolysis around acetabular cup and femoral stem. In this study, there was no case of ceramic fracture. There was one case of squeaking.Conclusion:This study suggests that cementless THA performed for fused hips with CoC bearings can provide good early clinical results.     

Cemented Vs Cementless Femoral Fixation for Total Hip Arthroplasty After Displaced Femoral Neck Fracture: A Nationwide Analysis of Short-Term Complications and Readmission Rates

BackgroundActive patients with displaced femoral neck fractures are often treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, optimal femoral fixation in these patients is controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare early complication and readmission rates in patients with hip fracture treated with THA receiving cemented vs cementless femoral fixation.MethodsThe National Readmissions Database was queried to identify patients undergoing primary THA for femoral neck fracture from 2016 to 2017. Postoperative complications and unplanned readmissions at 30, 90, and 180 days were compared between patients treated with cemented and cementless THA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare differences between groups and account for confounding variables.ResultsOf 17,491 patients identified, 4427 (25.3%) received cemented femoral fixation and 13,064 (74.7%) cementless. The cemented group was significantly older (77.2 vs 71.1, P < .001), had more comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity index: 4.44 vs 3.92, P < .001), and had a greater proportion of women (70.5% vs 65.2%, P < .001) compared with the cementless group. On multivariate analysis, cemented fixation was associated with reduced rates of periprosthetic fracture (odds ratio: 0.052, 95% confidence interval: 0.003-0.247, P = .004) at 30 days but similar readmission rates at 30, 90, and 180 days (odds ratio range: 1.012-1.114, P > .05) postoperatively compared with cementless fixation. Cemented fixation was associated with greater odds of medical complications at 180 days postoperatively (odds ratio:: 1.393, 95% confidence interval: 1.042-1.862, P = .025).ConclusionCemented femoral fixation was associated with a lower short-term incidence of periprosthetic fractures, higher incidence of medical complications, and equivalent unplanned readmission rates within 180 days postoperatively compared with cementless fixation in patients undergoing THA for femoral neck fracture.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

Hospital and Surgeon Reimbursement Trends for Femoral Neck Fractures Treated With Hip Hemiarthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe economic impact of hip fractures on the health care system continues to rise with continued pressure to reduce unnecessary costs while maintaining quality patient care. This study aimed to analyze the trend in hospital charges and payments relative to surgeon charges and payments in a Medicare population for hip hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for femoral neck fracture.MethodsThe 5% Medicare sample database was used to capture hospital and surgeon charges and payments related to 32,340 patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty and 4323 patients who underwent THA for femoral neck fractures between 2005 and 2014. Two values were calculated: (1) charge multiplier (CM, ratio of hospital to surgeon charges), and (2) payment multiplier (PM, ratio of hospital to surgeon payments). Year-to-year variation and regional trends in patient demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), length of stay (LOS), 90-day and 1-year mortality, CM, and PM were evaluated.ResultsHospital charges were significantly higher than surgeon charges and increased substantially for hemiarthroplasty (CM of 13.6 to 19.3, P < .0001) and THA (CM of 9.8 to 14.9, P = .0006). PM followed a similar trend for both hemiarthroplasty (14.9 to 20.2; P = .001) and THA (11.9 to 17.4; P < .0001). LOS decreased significantly for hemiarthroplasty (3.78 to 3.37d; P < .0001) despite increasing CCI (6.36 to 8.39; P = .018), whereas both LOS (3.71 to 3.79 days; P = .421) and CCI (5.34 to 7.08; P = .055) remained unchanged for THA.ConclusionHospital charges and payments relative to surgeon charges and payments have increased substantially for hemiarthroplasty and THA performed for femoral neck fractures.     

Total Hip Arthroplasty With Subtrochanteric Shortening Osteotomy in Patients With High Hip Dislocation Secondary to Childhood Septic Arthritis: A Matched Comparative Study With Crowe IV Developmental Dysplasia

BackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) with subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy (SSO) is performed to manage hips with high dislocations. We compared outcomes of THA with SSO in patients with high hip dislocation resulting from childhood septic arthritis and Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).MethodsWe reviewed 60 THAs with SSO performed between May 1996 and December 2013. Thirty-one cases were classified as sequelae of childhood infection and 29 as DDH. Twenty-five hips were selected for each group after the propensity score was matched with preoperative demographics and leg length discrepancy (LLD). Clinical scores, complication and reoperation rates, radiographic results, and survivorships were compared. The mean duration of follow-up was 12.3 (range 5-22) years.ResultsThe average correction in LLD was 2.5 cm for childhood infection and 3.6 cm for DDH (P = .002). The infection group received more transfusions (mean 3.3 vs 2.0 units, P = .002), required more time for union of osteotomy site (mean 6.8 vs 5.2 months, P = .042), and reported lower Harris Hip Score (mean 85.1 vs 91.3, P = .017). Reoperations were performed in 11 (44%) previously infected hips and 3 (12%) DDHs (P = .012). Kaplan-Meier survivorship with an endpoint of revision for any reason was lower in the infection group (83.6%) than in the DDH group (100%) at 10 years (log rank, P = .040).ConclusionTHA with SSO in high hip dislocation secondary to childhood septic arthritis demonstrated less favorable clinical outcomes with increased risks of complication, compared with those performed in Crowe IV DDH with similar degree of chronic dislocation.     

Combining Platelet-Rich Plasma Instillation With Core Decompression Improves Functional Outcome and Delays Progression in Early-Stage Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: a 4.5- to 6-Year Prospective Randomized Comparative Study

BackgroundAvascular necrosis of femoral head is a debilitating disease frequently progressing to femoral head collapse and joint destruction. The efficacy of core decompression (CD) remains controversial.MethodsAbout 40 consecutive age-matched and gender-matched patients (53 hips) were randomized into 2 groups by computer-generated algorithm table in a prospective randomized double-blinded comparative study. Group A (platelet-rich plasma [PRP] with CD) included 19 patients (25 hips), and group B (CD only) included 21 patients (28 hips). Postoperative Harris Hip Score and magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the necrotic area by using modified Kerboul angle were done and evaluated. Mean follow-up was 64.3 months (range, 54-72) and 63.7 months (range, 56-72) in groups A and B, respectively.ResultsThere was statistically significant difference between PRP and control groups in pain score (P = .00), functional score (P = .02), and Harris Hip Score (P = .00) at final follow-up. There was no progression in stage 1 disease. Stage 2 disease showed 24% progression in group A and 43% progression in group B. The difference was statistically significant (P = .025). Survivorship from femoral head collapse, any procedure, and total hip arthroplasty was 84%/68% (P = .00), 76%/57% (P = .02), and 92%/78% (P = .01) in 2 groups, which was statistically significant.ConclusionPRP use after CD provides significant pain relief, better midterm functional outcome, retards the progression, and enhances the survivorship free from reoperation for hip arthroplasty and femoral head collapse in early stages of avascular necrosis of hip than CD alone.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty with metal on metal bearing for ceramic bearing fractures

BackgroundDue to concern of potential metallosis caused by residual microscopic ceramic particles, metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing is deemed undesirable in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for ceramic bearing fracture. We determined whether MoM bearing is suitable to be used in revision THA for ceramic fractures and also evaluated whether this treatment increases serum iron levels compared with MoM bearing revision THA for polyethylene failure.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2012, 22 patients underwent revision surgery using MoM bearing (28 mm femoral head in 18 hips and 32 mm in 4 hips) for ceramic bearing fracture and followed average 52.1 months. We assessed radiological parameter and functional outcome using Harris hip score (HHS) and WOMAC score. Also, serum cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) blood tests were performed and compared with the result obtained from age, sex- and follow-up duration-matched patients with MoM revision THA for failed polyethylene bearing.ResultsThe mean HHS improved from 60.6 preoperatively to 90.3 at final follow-up. There were no changes in cup position, progression of osteolytic lesions, and measurable wear of MoM bearing articulation at final follow-up radiographs. There was one case of recurrent dislocation after surgery, which was treated with greater trochanter distal advancement and one case of deep infection, which underwent two-stage revision. Mean serum Co level (1.7 vs. 1.4 μg/dl; p = 0.211) and Cr level (0.70 vs. 1.01 μg/dl; p = 0.327) showed no significant difference.ConclusionsMoM articulation with liner cementation into the acetabular cup along with total synovectomy can be chosen in revision surgery for ceramic fracture with good midterm follow-up. However, the use of MoM bearing is indicated when the stem and metal shell can be retained and ceramic on ceramic or ceramic on polyethylene bearing cannot be selected. Also long-term outcome needs to be further evaluated.     

The Influence of Dorr Type and Femoral Fixation on Outcomes Following Total Hip Arthroplasty for Acute Femoral Neck Fractures: A Multicenter Study

BackgroundThe American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons guidelines report moderate evidence for cementing femoral stems for hip fractures, mainly derived from hemiarthroplasty literature. This is the first large, nonregistry study examining the influence of femoral fixation, implant type, patient characteristics, and radiographic factors on outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) for acute femoral neck fractures.MethodsA multicenter retrospective study was performed of 709 THA cases (199 cemented, 510 cementless) for femoral neck fractures from 2006 to 2020 at three large academic institutions. Demographics, perioperative characteristics, and radiographs were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves were generated for multiple outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with P ≤ .05 denoting significance.ResultsCementless stems had a higher all-cause aseptic femoral revision rate (5.1 versus 0.5%, P = .002) and periprosthetic femoral fracture rate (4.3 versus 0%, P = .001). Each successive Dorr type had a higher fracture rate with cementless implants: 2.3%, 3.7%, and 15.9% in Dorr A, B, and C, respectively (P < .001). Logistic regression analyses confirmed that cementless stems (P = .02) and Dorr C bone (P = .001) are associated with periprosthetic fractures; collared implants and prophylactic cables did not protect against fractures. There was no difference in rates of dislocation, septic revision, or mortality between groups.ConclusionCementless stems during THA for femoral neck fractures have a higher aseptic femoral revision rate, specifically for periprosthetic fractures. Dorr C bone was particularly prone with an alarmingly high fracture rate. All fractures occurred in cementless cases, suggesting that cemented stems may minimize this complication.Level of EvidenceIII.     

A Reliable Femoral Osteotomy in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Hartofilakidis Type C Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Proximal Femoral Reconstruction

BackgroundProcedure of the femur is extremely challenging during total hip arthroplasty (THA) for Hartofilakidis type C developmental dysplasia of the hip. The main purpose of this study is to compare the clinical effectiveness of proximal femoral reconstruction (PFR) with subtrochanteric transverse osteotomy (STO).MethodsBetween 2006 and 2015, 33 primary THAs in 26 patients were performed with PFR and 16 hips in 13 patients underwent STO. The mean follow-up was 4.2 (range, 2.2-10.8) years in PFR group and 5.9 (range, 3.5-11.3) years in STO group. At the final follow-up, clinical scores and radiographic results were evaluated for 33 hips in PFR group and 15 hips in STO group.ResultsPostoperative Harris hip scores and implant position did not differ between the treatment groups. The mean length of the oblique osteotomy line at proximal femur was 6.9 cm (range, 5.8-7.6 cm) in PFR group. The amount of bone union occurred within 6 months after surgery was 24 (72.7%) hips in PFR group and 9 (60.0%) in STO group. Three major postoperative complications occurred in PFR group, and medial femoral calcar erosion was noted in 1 hip in STO group.ConclusionSimilar with STO, the clinical results of PFR technique are a reliable solution for femoral procedure during THA in patients with Hartofilakidis type C developmental dysplasia of the hip.     

No Difference Between Hemiarthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Pathologic Femoral Neck Fractures

BackgroundHemiarthroplasty (HA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been widely discussed as treatment options for displaced osteoporotic femoral neck fractures. Pathologic femoral neck fractures from primary or metastatic tumors are comparatively rare and poorly investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes, complications, and perioperative survival for HA and THA in the treatment of pathologic femoral neck fractures of neoplastic etiology.MethodsA multicenter retrospective cohort study identified patients with pathologic femoral neck fractures treated with HA or THA from 2005 to 2018. Demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, Charlson comorbidity index, Dorr classification, histopathologic diagnosis, and surgical data were compared. The primary outcome was reoperation. Secondary outcomes included 90-day mortality, estimated blood loss, length of stay, periprosthetic fracture, periprosthetic joint infection, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status.ResultsThere were 116 patients with HA and 48 patients with THA, with no differences between groups with regard to American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, Charlson comorbidity index, or Dorr classification. There were no differences between HA and THA in the primary outcome of reoperation (5.2% vs 4.2%, P = 1.00) or secondary outcomes of perioperative 90-day overall mortality (30.2% vs 25.0%, P = .51), estimated blood loss, transfusion rates, length of stay, discharge location, periprosthetic joint infection, periprosthetic fracture, or preoperative or postoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status.ConclusionsBoth HA and THA are viable options for the treatment of patients with pathologic femoral neck fractures and demonstrated no differences in reoperations, complications, perioperative 90-day mortality, or functional outcome scores.Level of EvidenceLevel III.