钢板内固定和髓内钉固定治疗肱骨干骨折的系统评价

[目的]对钢板内固定与髓内钉固定治疗成人肱骨干骨折的疗效进行系统评价.[方法]在Pubmed、Co-chrane Library、EMBASE、Science Direct以及CNKI、CBM、中国医学学术会议论文数据库等网站进行检索.文献检索起止时间为1995年1月～2010年9月.再对入选文献的参考文献进行手工检索.系统收集钢板内固定和髓内钉固定治疗肱骨干骨折的相关文献,并按临床科研方法的国际通用原则进行阅读和评价.采用Cochrane协作网提供的软件Revman 4.2进行Meta-分析,以获得钢板内固定和髓内钉固定治疗肱骨干骨折的疗效及其安全性指标的相关证据.[结果]共检索到192篇原始文献,有6篇符合最终的入选标准,总计随访患者335例.Meta分析结果表明,钢板内固定与髓内钉固定比较,可显著降低再次手术发生率但是增加术后感染率.[结论]钢板内固定可显著降低再次手术发生率但是增加术后感染率.在骨折不愈合率、医源性神经损伤等方面,两者差异无统计学意义.因本次系统评价纳入病例数较少,尚需要更多设计严谨的大样本随机对照研究来增加证据的论证强度.     

Antegrade locked intramedullary nailing versus dynamic compression plating for humeral shaft fractures in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

There are two generally accepted techniques, antegrade locked intramedullary nailing and dynamic compression plating, for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures in adults. However, which technique is superior remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the clinical outcomes of the two techniques and to present the best evidence currently available. We conducted an electronic search of using databases including the Cochrane registry of clinical trials, Medline, and Embase. Studies were selected, and data were extracted independently by two investigators. Four trials were found, which matched the inclusion criteria. Statistical heterogeneity was not detected among these included trials. The available evidence demonstrated that dynamic compression plating may lead to fewer complications and shoulder impairments but may cause higher risk of infection than antegrade locked intramedullary nailing. Incidences of nerve palsy and nonunion were comparable between the two methods. Future high-quality trials are required to overcome the limitation of mall population size currently presented.     

Digestive decontamination in burn patients: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials and observational studies

Objective

The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effect of selective digestive decontamination (SDD) or non-absorbable enteral antibiotics (EA) on mortality, the incidence of infection and its adverse effects in burn patients.

Dynamic compression plating versus locked intramedullary nailing for humeral shaft fractures: a meta-analysis of RCTs and nonrandomized studies

Purpose

There is no consensus regarding treatment of humeral shaft fracture. In this meta-analysis, we pooled studies to compare dynamic compression plate with locked intramedullary nail for this injury.

Methods

PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 1995 and July 2012. Evaluated endpoints were method-related complications and revision. Study quality was assessed, and meta-analyses were analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s REVMAN 5.0 software.

Results

Fourteen randomized controlled (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies with 727 patients were analyzed. There was a significantly higher risk of total method-related complications and shoulder impairment resulting from locked intramedullary nailing compared with dynamic compression plating. Plating was significantly associated with a higher risk of infection and postoperative nerve palsy. There was no significant difference with respect to nonunion and revision rate.

Conclusions

Nailing may cause more method-related complications and shoulder impartment than plating, although it may lead to a lower risk of infection and postoperative nerve palsy. In the future, more high-quality RCTs are required to enhance these conclusions.     

Functional bracing of humeral shaft fractures. A review of clinical studies

Functional bracing has been widely accepted as the gold standard for treating humeral shaft fractures conservatively. We conducted a literature review to verify the efficacy of this treatment method. Sixteen case series and two comparative studies fulfilled the criteria set. Analysis of these clinical studies showed that humeral shaft fractures when treated with functional bracing heal in an average of 10.7 weeks. Union rate is high (94.5%). Statistical analysis showed that proximal third fractures and AO type A fractures have a higher non-union rate although this is not statistical significant. Residual deformity and joint stiffness are considered the main drawbacks of conservative treatment. Angulation - usually varus - rarely exceeded 10°, while full shoulder and elbow motion was achieved in 80% and 85% of the patients, respectively. Nevertheless, in the few studies that subjective parameters such as functional scores, pain and quality of life were assessed results were not so promising.     

Operative versus nonoperative treatment for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Introduction

There is insufficient evidence to indicate whether operative or nonoperative treatment is better for treating displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effects of the two treatments.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases, and identified RCTs to compare the Constant score, DASH score, nonunion, malunion, and adverse events between operative and nonoperative groups of patients with displaced midshaft clavicular fractures.

Results

A total of 507 patients from 6 RCTs were subjected to meta-analysis. Operative treatment has an effect on improving function, which is demonstrated by significantly higher Constant scores (P = 0.0003) and lower DASH scores (P = 0.03). The rate of nonunion and the rate of malunion were significantly lower in operative group compared with that in nonoperative group (both P < 0.0001). However, the rate of adverse events was significantly higher in operative group compared with that in nonoperative group (P = 0.003).

Conclusions

Operative treatment provided a significantly better functional outcome, a lower rate of nonunion and malunion, but was accompanied with a higher rate of adverse events. However, the results should be interpreted with caution and further large-scale, well-designed RCTs on this topic are still needed.     

顺行锁定髓内钉和动力加压钢板治疗肱骨干骨折的系统评价

[目的]对比顺行锁定髓内钉和动力加压钢板治疗肱骨干骨折的临床结果,并为以后此类骨折的治疗提供更可信的证据。[方法]计算机检索Cochrane library、Medline、Embase、CNKI等数据库网站,检索2016年12月以前有关顺行锁定髓内钉和动力加压钢板治疗肱骨干骨折的文献,筛选文献后采用Revman 5.0软件进行分析,获得两种方法治疗肱骨干骨折的临床结果。[结果]最初搜索文献472篇,经过筛选后最终有8篇纳入研究,共计完成随访患者373例,其中顺行髓内钉治疗者187例,动力加压钢板治疗者186例。Meta分析表明,顺行锁定髓内钉组患者术后感染率明显低于动力加压钢板组[OR=0.34,95%CI(0.12,0.98),P=0.05],但前者肩部撞击征与再次手术率明显高于后者[OR=7.81,95%CI(2.51,24.33),P<0.001;OR=2.61,95%CI(1.19,5.72),P=0.02],术后桡神经损伤与骨折不愈合率,两者之间差异无统计学意义。[结论]与顺行锁定髓内钉相比,动力加压钢板治疗肱骨干骨折可以降低肩部撞击征与再次手术发生率,但却增加了术后感染的发生率;术后桡神经损伤及骨折不愈合方面,两者差异无统计学意义。     

Opioid versus non-opioid analgesia for spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Purpose

Opioids are the primary analgesics used in patients undergoing spine surgery. Postoperative pain is common despite their liberal use and so are opioid-associated side effects. Non-opioid analgesics are gaining popularity as alternative to opioids in spine surgery.

Methods

This systematic review evaluated current evidence regarding opioid and non-opioid intraoperative analgesia and their influence on immediate postoperative pain and adverse events in spine surgery.

Results

A total of 10,459 records were obtained by searching Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science databases and six randomized controlled trials were included. Differences in postoperative pain scores between opioid and non-opioid groups were not significant at 1 h: 4 studies, mean difference (MD) = 0.65 units, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [−0.12 to 1.41], p = 0.10, but favored non-opioid at 24 h after surgery: 3 studies, MD = 0.75 units, 95%CI [0.03 to 1.46], p = 0.04. The time for first postoperative analgesic requirement was shorter (MD = −45.06 min, 95%CI [−72.50 to −17.62], p = 0.001), and morphine consumption during first 24 h after surgery was higher in opioid compared to non-opioid group (MD = 4.54 mg, 95%CI [3.26 to 5.82], p < 0.00001). Adverse effects of postoperative nausea and vomiting (Relative risk (RR) = 2.15, 95%CI [1.37 to 3.38], p = 0.0009) and shivering (RR = 2.52, 95%CI [1.08 to 5.89], p = 0.03) were higher and bradycardia was lower (RR = 0.35, 95%CI [0.17 to 0.71], p = 0.004) with opioid analgesia.

Conclusion

The certainty of evidence on GRADE assessment is low for studied outcomes. Available evidence supports intraoperative non-opioid analgesia for overall postoperative pain outcomes in spine surgery. More research is needed to find the best drug combination and dosing regimen.

Prospero Registration: CRD42020209042.

     

A meta-analysis of plate fixation versus intramedullary nailing for humeral shaft fractures

Background

There is a lack of consensus on whether intramedullary nailing (IMN) or plating is superior for humeral shaft fractures.

Methods

In this meta-analysis, we combined data from PubMed, the Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), the Cochrane Library, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (all to Dec 31, 2011). Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two quasi-RCTs including 384 participants were selected and assessed by use of an 11-item scale. Heterogeneity was assessed by use of the standard chi-squared test and the I ² statistic.

Results and conclusions

The results indicated that two primary outcomes (total number of complications and functional measurement) were significantly better for plate fixation. Significantly lower risk of delayed-union, restriction, impingement of the shoulder, shoulder pain, and re-operation were found for the plating group, which suggested that plating is superior to IMN for humeral shaft fractures.

Level of evidence

Level II; meta-analysis of RCTs and quasi-RCTs; treatment study.     

Banded versus nonbanded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundBariatric surgery is remarkably effective in achieving weight loss and improving obesity-related co-morbidities; however, efforts still continue to improve its long-term outcomes. Particularly, banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been scrutinized in comparison to standard (nonbanded) RYGB in terms of benefits and postoperative complications.ObjectivesThis study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of banded versus nonbanded RYGB.SettingMeta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsA meta-analysis of high-quality studies that compared banded and nonbanded RYGB was conducted through February 2019 by systematically searching multiple electronic databases. Published RCTs comparing these 2 procedures were included to pool the data on excess weight loss, food tolerability, and postoperative complications.ResultsThree RCTs were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis, comprising a total of 494 patients (247 in each group). Two of the RCTs provided 2-year postoperative data, and 1 study reported 5-year outcome. Age ranged from 21 to 50 years, and body mass index ranged from 42 to 65 kg/m². Percentage of excess weight loss was significantly greater with banded RYGB than with nonbanded RYGB (mean difference 5.63%; 95% CI 3.26–8.00; P < .05). Postoperative food intolerance, emesis, and dysphagia were more common after banded RYGB (odds ratio 3.76; 95% CI 2.27–6.24; P < .001). Nevertheless, major postoperative complications did not significantly differ between the 2 groups.ConclusionFindings of this meta-analysis of RCTs indicate that in a medium-term follow-up, excess weight loss with banded RYGB would be 5% greater than that with the nonbanded RYGB (about 1 point difference in body mass index) at the expense of more food intolerance and postoperative vomiting; however, the frequency of postoperative complications would not be significantly different.