穿膜融合多肽TAT-N24对结肠癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用

目的 观察穿膜融合多肽TAT-24对结肠癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用.方法 以结肠癌荷瘤小鼠为研究对象,观察静脉系统给予TAT-N24或TAT-N24m(无关肽对照)对肿瘤生长的影响,比较肿瘤重量变化,应用BrdU掺入的方法检测TAT-N24对细胞DNA合成的影响,体内实验证实TAT-N24的抗肿瘤作用.结果 免疫组织化学检测,在TAT-N24及对照肽TAT-N24m组均看到HAtag的阳性表达,提示融合多肽体内能够有效进入肿瘤细胞;TAT-N24组肿瘤生长明显减慢,各组肿瘤重量分别为:称量各组肿瘤平均重量,Blank组:(0.34±0.09)g;TAT-N24m组:(0.27±0.06)g;TAT-N24组:(0.12±0.02)g,提示TAT-N24能够抑制HT29细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长(P＜0.05).BrdU掺入显示TAT-N24组BrdU阳性细胞显著低于对照组.结论 融合多肽TAT-24能有效抑制结肠癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长,抑制肿瘤内细胞DNA合成.     

p50PIK基因重组腺病毒的构建及对Hela细胞的影响

目的 构建携带P50基因的重组腺病毒载体,观察其感染宫颈癌Hela细胞后对p-AKT(Thr308)的影响.方法 以PcDNA3.1-p50PIK质粒为模板,构建带有p50PIK基因的重组腺病毒质粒Ad-p50PIK-GFP,酶切鉴定后经PacI线性化后转染HEK293包装细胞,观察细胞内绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达情况,并进行3轮扩增,收获带有目的 片段的腺病毒.将重组腺病毒Ad-p50PIK-GFP感染Hela细胞并通过Western blot技术检测其对p-AKT的影响.结果 将Ad-p50PIK-GFP经Xho I和Kpn I双酶切鉴定和琼脂糖电泳,在1400bp附近有目的 条带,送测序结果与GeneBank报道的序列完全一致,表明重组腺病毒Ad-p50PIK-GFP构建成功;然后将其转染HEK293细胞,绿色荧光表明Ad-p50PIK-GFP在HEK293包装细胞中成功表达;用SDS-PAGE电泳方法检测p50对Akt磷酸化的影响,结果表明高表达蛋白p50明显促进AKT的磷酸化(Thr308).结论 成功构建重组腺病毒Ad-p50PIK,p50在宫颈癌Hela细胞株中的过表达可使p-AKT表达升高.

Abstract：

Objective To construct recombinant adenovirus carrying p50PIK gene and examine the effect on cervix cancer Hela cell lines after transfection with Ad-p50PIK. Methods p50PIK cDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with the template PcDNA3. 1-p50PIK, then cloned into the shuttle plasmid pAdTrack-CMV. The plasmid pAdTrackCMV-p50 was linearized by PmeI, followed by homologous recombination with bone plasmid pAdEasy-1 in BJ5183, then identified by enzyme digestion.After linearized by PacI and transfection into HEK293 cells, recombinant adenovirus Ad-p50PIK were obtained in HEK293 cells then amplified by 3 circles. The green fluorescence in HEK293 cells was observed.Ad-p50PIK was transfected into Hela cells. The phosphorylation of Akt was detected by Western blotting.Results After double restriction enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis of The Ad-p50PIK-GFP,the 1400 bp purpose band was sequenced, Results was exactly the same with the sequence GeneBank had reported,indicating that the recombinant adenovirus Ad-p50PIK-GFP were successfully constructed; Then transfected into HEK293 cells, green fluorescence shows that Ad-p50PIK-GFP in HEK293 packaging cells successfully expressed; by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to detect p50 on Akt phosphorylation, the Results show that high expression of p50 protein significantly increased AKT's Phosphorylated (Thr308).Conclusion Recombinant adenovirus Ad-p50PIK had been successfully constructed. Overexpression of p50PIK in Hela cell lines can promote phosphorylation of AKT.     

p16重组腺病毒联合顺铂或三氧化二砷对人膀胱癌EJ细胞作用的实验研究

目的　探讨 p16重组腺病毒 (Ad p16 )与顺铂 (CDDP)或三氧化二砷 (As2 O3 )联合应用对人膀胱癌EJ细胞体内外生长的抑制效应及机制。　方法　将Ad p16与CDDP或As2 O3 联合应用 ,通过细胞生长抑制实验 ,克隆形成实验 ,细胞周期分析 ,免疫组织化学分析 ,以及裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型 ,观察其对人膀胱癌EJ细胞的作用及机制。　结果　与单独应用相比 ,Ad p16与低剂量的CDDP或As2 O3 联合应用可明显抑制EJ细胞的体外生长 ,诱导EJ细胞凋亡 ,明显阻滞EJ细胞G1期 ;裸鼠体内肿瘤发生时间延迟 ,4周后肿瘤体积与单独应用时相比差别有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　Ad p16与CDDP或As2 O3 联合应用 ,有可能进一步提高膀胱癌的治疗效果     

微小RNA-494过表达与RNA干扰抑制Survivin基因对前列腺癌移植瘤生长的比较

目的 比较过表达微小RNA (microRNA)-494与采用RNA干扰抑制前列腺癌PC-3细胞中Survivin基因的表达,对前列腺癌移植瘤生长的影响.方法 将过表达microRNA-494的腺病毒载体Ad-494及负载Survivin短发卡RNA (shRNA)腺病毒载体Ad-sur分别或联合感染PC-3细胞后,将相应PC-3细胞接种于裸鼠右前肢皮下,建立前列腺癌移植瘤模型.并以磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)组及空载体组(Ad-GFP)作为对照.动态测量肿瘤体积.55 d后处死各组裸鼠,瘤体称重计算抑瘤率.Western blot检测肿瘤组织中Survivin表达变化.免疫组织化学测定Survivin、B淋巴细胞/白血病-2(bcl-2)、bcl-2相关X蛋白(bax)及半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶(Caspase)-3表达变化.结果 Ad-sur组、Ad-494组、Ad-sur+ Ad-494组裸鼠前列腺癌移植瘤的生长明显被抑制.第35天时即表现差异.其中Ad-sur+ Ad-494组瘤体积最小,为(40.69±0.69) mm3,Ad-sur、Ad-494组瘤体体积分别为(102.11±5.32) mm3、(99.03±3.50) mm3,3组肿瘤体积均明显小于PBS组(572.72±10.46) mm3、Ad-GFP组(544.85 ±10.28) mm3(P＜0.05).但Ad-sur组与Ad-494组间瘤体大小差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).55 d后,Ad-sur、Ad-494、Ad-sur+ Ad-494组对移植瘤抑制率分别64.62％、65.98％、86.67％,Ad-sur+ Ad-494组具有抑瘤增效的相加作用(Q=0.99).同对照组比较,实验各组的Survivin基因均表达下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其中,Ad-494组与Ad-sur组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Ad-sur+ Ad-494组较Ad-494、Ad-sur组更为显著;实验各组中的bax、Caspase-3表达上调,bcl-2表达下调,且Ad-sur+ Ad-494组效果优于Ad-sur、Ad-494组.结论 过表达microRNA-494与RNA干扰方法均可抑制前列腺癌裸鼠移植瘤Survivin基因表达,从而抑制移植瘤的生长,且两者联合效果更加显著.     

熊果酸对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞生长的影响

目的 观察熊果酸对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡、细胞侵袭及裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响.方法 将1、10、100 μmol/L的熊果酸分别作用于乳腺癌MCF-7细胞12、24、48 h,噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞活力变化及生长抑制率,流式细胞术及Transwell小室法检测熊果酸作用48h时MCF-7细胞周期、细胞凋亡率及细胞侵袭力.将乳腺癌MCF-7细胞接种于裸鼠,成瘤后分为生理盐水对照组、熊果酸低剂量组(每日1 mg/kg)、中剂量组(每日5 mg/kg)和高剂量组(每日25 mg/kg),检测5、10、15 d裸鼠移植瘤体积、肿瘤生长抑制率及15 d时肝肾功能、血常规变化.结果 随熊果酸浓度增加及作用时间延长,MCF-7细胞生长及凋亡发生受到显著影响,100 μmol/L熊果酸作用48 h时,细胞生长抑制率为46.0%,生长周期阻滞于G0/G1期,细胞凋亡率为(16.48±2.46)%,细胞侵袭力显著下降.熊果酸组裸鼠移植瘤体积显著小于对照组,15 d时熊果酸高剂量组肿瘤体积为(323.5±33.5)mm3生长抑制率为50.9%.各组肝肾功能和血常规无明显变化.结论 熊果酸可引起体外乳腺癌McF-7细胞增殖抑制、细胞凋亡率增加及细胞侵袭力下降,可显著抑制裸鼠乳腺癌移植瘤生长.     

表达白细胞介素-18的溶瘤腺病毒对裸鼠肾癌移植瘤的治疗作用

目的 观察表达IL-18的溶瘤腺病毒(ZD55-IL18)对裸鼠肾癌移植瘤生长及血管形成的抑制作用.方法 荷肾癌裸鼠随机分4组,每组8只.瘤体内注射ZD55-IL18、溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-EGFP、表达IL-18的增殖缺陷腺病毒Ad-IL18及PBS,每次注射病毒7×108PFU/只,连续注射3 d.注射后第7天,每组处死3只取肿瘤组织,免疫组织化学检测肿瘤E1A、IL-18、CD34、VEGF表达及凋亡.第50天时处死动物测量肿瘤体积.结果 ZD55-IL18、ZD55-EGFP、Ad-IL18及生理盐水处理组肿瘤体积(mm3)分别为:299.7±52.9、536.8±90.3、570.3±99.0、766.1±145.8,ZD55-IL18与各组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).Ad-IL18处理组肿瘤无E1A蛋白表达,ZD55-IL18处理组有大量E1A蛋白表达,表明病毒复制.ZD55-IL18处理组肿瘤IL-18表达及凋亡细胞阳性率均显著高于Ad-IL18处理组.ZD55-IL18处理组肿瘤CD34、VEGF表达均显著低于Ad-IL18处理组.结论 表达IL-18的溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL18比增殖缺陷腺病毒Ad-IL18具有更强的抑制肾癌生长及血管形成作用.     

表达端粒酶逆转录酶siRNA的溶瘤腺病毒对裸鼠肾癌移植瘤的治疗作用

目的 观察表达针对端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)基因的小干扰RNA(hTERT siRNA)的溶瘤腺病毒(ZD55-hTERT)抑制肾癌移植瘤生长作用.方法 荷肾癌裸鼠随机分4组,每组8只.瘤体内分别注射ZD55-hTERT、增殖缺陷型腺病毒(Ad-hTERT)、溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-EGFP及磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS),每次注射病毒7×108pfu/只,连续注射3 d.注射后第7天,每组处死3只取肿瘤组织,免疫组织化学检测肿瘤hTERT、E1A表达及凋亡.第50天时处死动物测量肿瘤体积.结果 ZD55-hTERT、Ad-hTERT、ZD55-EGFP及PBS处理组肿瘤体积(mm3)分别为:124.1±27.5、609.0±102.5、499.8±77.1、1552.1±206.4,ZD55-hTERT处理组与各组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).Ad-hTERT处理组肿瘤无E1A表达,ZD55-hTERT处理组E1A大量表达,表明病毒复制.ZD55-hTERT处理组肿瘤hTERT表达显著低于Ad-hTERT处理组,凋亡细胞阳性率均显著高于Ad-hTERT处理组.结论 表达hTERT siRNA的溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-hTERT具有更强的抑制肾癌生长作用.     

双靶向溶瘤腺病毒携带内皮抑素基因对肝癌的抑制作用

目的 构建双调控溶瘤腺病毒,携带小鼠内皮抑素基因(mE),研究其对裸鼠肝癌移植瘤的抗瘤活性.方法 以人端粒酶逆转录酶启动子(hTERT)和缺氧调控元件序列(HRE)调控腺病毒E1a和E1b基因,基因组插入mE基因,构建双调控溶瘤腺病毒CNHK500-mE;在裸鼠模型中观察CNHK500-mE对肝癌移植瘤模型的疗效.结果 CNHK500能够在hTERT阳性的肝癌细胞中增殖[24 h:(16.67±4.04)％;48 h:(65.33 ±7.02)％;P＜0.01],并介导mE高效表达;与空白对照组( 1895.80±323.37) mm3比较,CNHK500-mE和Ad-mE的抑瘤率分别为50.95％[(929.80±211.10) mm3,P＜0.01]和29.99％[(1327.23 ±319.36) mm3,p＜0.05];CNHK500-mE对癌组织间质血管的抑制作用明显强于Ad -mE(P ＜0.05).结论 将mE与溶瘤腺病毒结合,发挥病毒增殖的溶瘤作用和基因产物的血管抑制作用,表现出明显的协同抗瘤作用.     

携带白细胞介素24基因溶瘤腺病毒对膀胱癌Biu87细胞的杀伤效应

目的 观察携带人白细胞介素(IL)24基因的溶瘤腺病毒(ZD55-IL24)对膀胱癌Biu87细胞的杀伤效应.方法 聚合酶链反应(PCR)鉴定溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL24并扩增、纯化和滴度测定.ZD55-IL24感染人膀胱癌Biu87细胞系,Western blot法检测腺病毒E1A和IL24蛋白的表达情况;原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡;通过结晶紫染色法检测细胞杀伤作用;噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞存活情况.结果 PCR鉴定说明ZD55-IL24包含目的 基因且无野生型腺病毒污染;Western blot结果表明ZD55-IL24能在肿瘤细胞内表达E1A并高效介导IL24基因在Biu87细胞中的表达;TUNEL法显示ZD55-IL24能显著诱导Biu87细胞的凋亡,ZD55-IL24、ZD55-EGFP、Ad-IL24处理的Biu87细胞凋亡率分别为(52.3±3.2)%、(26.3±2.3)%、(32.0±3.1)%.结晶紫染色结果表明ZD55-IL24对Biu87细胞有明显的杀伤作用,MTT表明用MOI=10的ZD55-IL24、ZD55-EGFP和Ad-IL24感染Biu87细胞,4 d后存活率分别为(27.6±1.3)%、(48.7±2.5)%和(59.7±3.53)%.结论 成功获得纯化的溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL24,并进一步证明ZD55-IL24可在膀胱癌细胞内选择性地增殖并诱导膀胱癌Biu87细胞的凋亡,显示出良好的抗肿瘤效果.     

缺氧诱导因子1α表达对裸鼠肝癌皮下移植瘤生长的促进作用

目的 探讨缺氧诱导因子1α表达对肝癌移植瘤生长的影响.方法 建立强力霉素诱导缺氧诱导因子1α表达的裸鼠肝癌HepG2 Tet-on-HIF-1α 细胞皮下移植瘤模型;荷瘤裸鼠口服强力霉素(Dox)后,观察上调缺氧诱导因子1α对皮下移植瘤生长的影响.结果 荷瘤裸鼠口服强力霉素可以上调裸鼠皮下移植瘤中缺氧诱导因子1α mRNA和蛋白表达水平;肿瘤体积Dox(+)组vs.Dox(-)组为(513.545±276.229)mm 3 vs.(166.506±110.142)mm 3 (P<0.05),肿瘤重量(1.251±0.438)g vs.(0.640±0.296)g(P<0.05),肿瘤生长速度Dox(+)组明显超过Dox(-)组,肿瘤内面积坏死率明显小于Dox(-)组(31.360%±2.728%)vs.(36.640±3.804%)(P<0.05);同Dox(-)组相比,Dox(+)组裸鼠体重下降更为明显(P<0.01).两组荷瘤鼠均无肝、肺转移发生.结论 强力霉素可以诱导裸鼠肝癌HepG2 Tet-on-HIF-1α 细胞皮下移植瘤模型中缺氧诱导因子1α的表达,促进肿瘤的生长.     

Significance of P53 in human thyroid tumors

Mutational changes in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most frequent genetic alterations in human malignant tumors. Studies have shown a correlation of p53 expression in breast cancer with tumor prognosis. In contrast to mutational activation of ras and GSP in thyroid tumors, little is known about the role of p53 in thyroid tumor development. Therefore thyroid tumors and thyroid tumor cell lines were studied for the presence of p53 mutations. Snap-frozen tissues from 57 differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) and 5 goiters were studied by immunohistochemical methods. A panel of six antibodies (pAb 240, 421, 1620, 1801, DO7, and CM1) was employed by using the ABC technique. Five cell lines from DTCs (FTC133, 236, 238, PTC337, MTC164) were examined by the same technique. Additionally, genomic DNA from the cells was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR product studied for p53 mutations (R273H) by mutation-specific oligonucleotide hybridization (MOH) and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) for the p53 exon 8. None of the benign thyroid tumors and 7 of 57 (12%) DTCs strongly express p53 with a heterogeneous distribution in the tumor tissue. All seven patients have metastatic disease or dedifferentiated tumors G3 (three of seven). CM1 was positive in two cell lines (FTC-133, PTC-337), questionable in FTC-238, and negative in FTC-236 and MTC-164. All three follicular cell lines, however, and the original tumor tissue showed the same p53 mutation (R273H) in MOH analysis and TGGE. P53 mutations are rare in thyroid tumors, but the presence of p53 mutations indicates a poor prognosis. TGGE seems to be a sensitive method for detecting p53 mutations (1% sensitivity) and might play a role in tumor screening in the future.     

p27在甲状腺滤泡状肿瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 了解p27在良恶性甲状腺滤泡状肿瘤中的表达及其意义。方法 应用S－P免疫组化法、测定了53例甲状腺滤状肿瘤及10例正常甲状腺组织中p27的表达。结果 p27蛋白表达水平在正常甲状腺组织最高,甲状腺滤泡状腺瘤次之,甲状腺滤泡状腺癌最低,其中甲状腺滤泡状腺癌微浸润型与广泛浸润型及转移型与非转移型比较,差异均无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。Logistic回归分析显示,p27能有效地判别甲状腺腺瘤与滤泡状腺癌（P=0.0048)。结论 p27参与了甲状腺滤泡状上皮的恶性转化,甲状腺滤泡状上皮的转化可能与p27蛋白降低有关,p27蛋白表达水平的测定有助于甲状腺滤泡状肿瘤良恶性的鉴别。     

Adenovirus-mediated human interleukin 24 (MDA-7/IL-24) selectively suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in keloid fibroblasts

Keloids are fibroproliferative dermal lesions characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts and the formation of excess scar tissue, for which no effective treatment exists. We transfected a replication-incompetent adenovirus vector expressing green fluorescent protein and interleukin-24 gene (Ad-GFP/IL-24) into keloid fibroblasts (KF) and normal dermal fibroblasts (NDF) in vitro to investigate the suppression effects by observation on cell lines growth, apoptosis, mitosis cycle, etc. The expression of GFP and IL-24 mRNA confirmed that Ad-GFP/IL-24 was transfected into KF and NDF successfully. The expression level of secreting IL-24 protein detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in Ad-GFP/IL-24-treated KF and PBS-treated NDF was higher than controls; treatment with Ad-GFP/IL-24 in KF induced growth suppression (71.83% ± 6.67%, P < 0.05 to 9.79% ± 3.34%, P < 0.01), apoptosis (24.2% ± 3.08% to 66.51% ± 5.29%, P < 0.01) and increased the percentage of the G2/M phase (42.26% ± 6.44%, P < 0.01) in KF but not in NDF. The data showed that the exogenous IL-24 gene could selectively inhibit human KF proliferation and induce significant apoptosis.     

Importance of lymph node metastases in follicular thyroid cancer

There are many concepts of risk and prognostic factor analysis for differentiated thyroid cancer. The prognostic role of lymph node metastases in follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), however, is still controversial. We performed a retrospective trial in 186 patients with FTC (124 women, 62 men; mean follow-up 5.5 years) questioning whether lymph node metastases and radical thyroid surgery with neck dissection contribute to the prognosis of FTC. Univariate analysis demonstrated that lymph node metastasesp <0.005), tumor size (p <0.005), tumor stage (p <0.005), distant metastases p = 0.0063), and gender (p = 0.003) are significant prognostic factors for recurrence (Kaplan-Meier). Tumor size (p = 0.004), lymph node metastases p = 0.0478), and distant metastases p = 0.0064) influenced mortality. Age and extent of surgery were not significant for recurrence nor was gender for mortality. Multivariate analysis (Cox regression test) characterized tumor size (p <0.005) and lymph node metastases p = 0.004) as prognostic factors for recurrence of FTC. No significant difference was detected between patients being treated by thyroidectomy when compared to patients treated by thyroidectomy plus neck dissection in relation to recurrence. Our data demonstrate lymph node metastases to be a significant prognostic factor for recurrence of FTC and the patient’s survival. We advocate thyroidectomy plus central lymph node dissection as the basic surgical strategy. For T3 and T4 tumors, unilateral modified neck dissection is an all but optional procedure. Whether radical surgery with thyroidectomy plus neck dissection has an impact on survival remains questionable.     

Expression and Secretion of Endostatin in Thyroid Cancer

Background  In thyroid cancer (TC) endostatin was identified as a powerful negative regulator of tumor angiogenesis in vitro. It is currently being evaluated in phase I trials for antiangiogenic therapy in various solid tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate endostatin expression in archival TC specimens and its secretion following stimulation with thyrotropin (TSH) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in TC cell lines. Methods  Tissue microarrays of 44 differentiated and 7 anaplastic TC and their metastasis were immunostained for endostatin protein expression and compared with corresponding non-neoplastic thyroid tissue (NT). In vitro, six differentiated (FTC133, FTC236, HTC, HTC-TSHr, XTC, and TPC1) and three anaplastic (C643, Hth74, Kat4.0) TC cell lines were evaluated for basal as well as TSH (1–100 mU/ml) and EGF stimulated (1–100 ng/ml) endostatin. Results  Endostatin was detected in all TC and more than half of the NT. Endostatin expression was more frequent and intense in differentiated as compared to anaplastic TC. In vitro, basal endostatin secretion varied between 33 ± 5 pg/ml (FTC236) and 549 ± 65 pg/ml (TPC1) and was doubled in FTC, when the “primary” (FTC133) was compared with the metastasis (FTC236). Some cell lines showed TSH-induced (e.g., 60% in XTC) or EGF-induced (e.g., 120% in TPC1) upregulation of endostatin secretion, while others did not, despite documented receptor expression. Conclusion  This study demonstrates endostatin expression in TC, metastasis and—less frequently and intensely—in NT, suggesting a possible association to tumor progression. In vitro, endostatin secretion of some cell lines is regulated by TSH and EGF, however the individual differences deserve further functional studies. These results support rather tumor-specific than histotype-specific expression and regulation of endostatin in TC. This work was supported by a grant from the B. Braun Foundation to Sebastian Hoffmann.     

肝动脉结扎对转移性人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤乏氧的影响

目的 观察肝动脉结扎(HAL)对转移性人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤乏氧的影响.方法 采用24只BALB/C-nu/nu裸鼠,建立转移性人肝癌裸鼠原位移植模型;随机分为2组,A组于移植瘤术后2周进行HAL(n=12),B组假手术(Sham)作为对照(n=12).分别于干预术后2 d和4周各随机处死每组中6只荷瘤裸鼠,利用免疫组织化学显色(SP法)和Western blot检测移植瘤内哌莫硝唑(Pimonidazole)和缺氧诱导因子(HIF)-1α的阳性表达和染色强度,以及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白水平和肿瘤组织微血管密度(MVD),并用肺连续切片法计数4周时荷瘤裸鼠肺转移灶.结果 与Sham组比较,HAL组移植瘤内Pimonidazole阳性细胞及HIF-1α表达水平在术后2 d显著增加(P<0.05),并且肿瘤组织和血清内VEGF水平[(922.5±59.3)比(349.6±46.5)ng/L,P<0.01]明显增加.术后4周,荷瘤裸鼠肺转移率较对照组增加(6/6比1/6,P<0.05),但此时乏氧细胞,VEGF表达和MVD则与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 HAL促进转移性人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤短期乏氧及VEGF表达,但不影响移植瘤长期乏氧效应.     

p14ARF、p53及脆性组氨酸三联体蛋白在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达

目的探讨p14ARF、p53及脆性组氨酸三联体(FHIT)蛋白在甲状腺肿瘤组织中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测20例甲状腺腺瘤和28例甲状腺癌组织(其中包括11例甲状腺滤泡癌(FTC)、12例乳头状癌(PTC)、4例髓样癌(MTC)以及1例未分化癌(UDTC)中p14ARF、p53及FHIT蛋白的表达。结果p14ARF、p53及FHIT蛋白在甲状腺腺瘤和甲状腺癌中阳性率分别为90%、36%;15%、75%;90%、7%,这3种蛋白在甲状腺腺瘤及甲状腺癌的表达差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。p14ARF、p53及FHIT蛋白的表达在FTC与腺瘤之间,PTC与腺瘤之间有统计学意义(P<0.05),p53及FHIT的表达在MTC与腺瘤间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。p14ARF、p53及FHIT蛋白的表达与甲状腺肿瘤的恶性进程有关,与患者年龄、性别以及淋巴结转移无关。另外p14ARF与FHIT蛋白的表达正相关,并且它们与p53均负相关。结论肿瘤抑制蛋白p14ARF和FHIT的缺失以及癌蛋白p53的高表达是甲状腺肿瘤发生的重要原因之一;联合检测p14ARF、p53及FHIT蛋白有助于区分甲状腺腺瘤和甲状腺滤泡癌。     

Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Thyroid Arising More Often from Follicular Carcinoma than Papillary Carcinoma

Background Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), a rare and highly malignant tumor, has long been thought to arise from well-differentiated carcinoma (WDC) such as follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The purpose of this study was to test this notion by examining whether and, if so, how often ATC harbors the oncogenes that are commonly associated with WDC, such as RAS in FTC and BRAF in PTC. Methods We analyzed the mutation hotspots of BRAF (codon 600) and N-, K-, and H-RAS (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 16 ATCs. We also examined two genes, PIK3CA (exons 9 and 20) and TP53 (exons 5–9), both of which have been reported in ATCs. Results The results showed that approximately 31% (5 of 16) of ATCs harbored N-RAS mutation, 6% (1 of 16) had mutated BRAF, and approximately 56% (9 of 16) had mutated TP53. As to the three ATCs that had coexisted PTCs, mutated BRAF was detected in all PTC components but only in one ATC, while mutated PIK3CA was found in only one PTC component but not in the ATC. Conclusion A number of ATCs arise from WDCs, more often from RAS-mutant tumors than from BRAF-mutant tumors, implying that particular attention should be paid to the WDC harboring RAS mutation.