阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的：应用高频超声观察冠心病（CAD）患者，经阿托伐他汀治疗后对肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能（EDD）的改善作用。方法：经冠脉造影（CAG）确诊为CAD患者59例，利用高频超声血管技术检测阿托伐他汀对CAD患者治疗前后肱动脉EDD的疗效。结果：阿托伐他汀治疗2年后，EDD比治疗前有明显改善（P〈0．05），与对照组相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。常规治疗组治疗2年后，EDD无明显改善（P〉0．05），与阿托伐他汀组治疗后及对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：阿托伐他汀具有改善EDD的作用。     

瘦素与肝源性糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的：探讨瘦素在肝源性糖尿病胰岛素抵抗中的作用。方法：对20例肝源性糖尿病（A组）、20例肝炎后肝硬化患者（B组）、20例2型糖尿病患青（C组）及20例健康对照（D组）进行血清瘦素（leptin）、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平测定,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）,分析leptin与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。结果：A组的leptin水平高于B组及D组（P〈0．05）,FPG水平低于C组（P〈0．05）,FINS水平高于C组及D组（P〈0．05）,ISI低于D组（P〈0．05）,HOMA—IR高于B组及D组（P〈0．05）;A组的leptin水平与HOMA—IR呈正相关,与ISI负相关（P〈0．05）。结论：肝源悱糖碌病患者leptin水平升高,其与胰岛素抵抗呈正相关,提示瘦素可能在肝源性糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗中起着重要作用。     

超短效胰岛素泵强化治疗2型糖尿病30例疗效观察

目的：探讨超短效胰岛素泵强化治疗对30例2型糖尿病患者的疗效的影响。方法：对30例2型糖尿病患者在胰岛素泵强化治疗2周前后进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTF）试验、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）及血糖、血脂检测,比较血糖、血脂的变化。结果：OGTT试验表明治疗后血糖水平控制理想,治疗后空腹血糖（FPG）、HbAlC治疗前明显降低（P〈0．01）,血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL—C、甘油三脂（TG）较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论：对于2型糖尿病患者采取胰岛素泵治疗高血糖,可以较好地控制患者血糖,改善胰岛B细胞功能。     

尿毒症患者血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白一氧化氮内皮素的测定及相关性分析

目的：探讨尿毒症患者并发心血管疾病与氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ox—LDL）、一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素（ET）的关系。方法：测定46例正常对照及48例尿毒症患者（其中21例无心血管疾病，27例有并发心血管疾病）的ox—LDL、NO、ET及TC、TG、HDL—C、LDL—C的含量。结果：尿毒症患者组血浆ox—LDL和ET水平明显高于正常对照组，尿毒症患者组NO水平明显低于正常对照组。有心血管病变的尿毒症患者血浆OX—LDL和ET水平明显高于无心血管病变尿毒症患者组，而血浆NO水平明显低于无心血管病变尿毒症患者组。在有心血管病变的尿毒症患者中，ox—LDL水平与ET水平呈正相关，ox—LDL与NO水平呈负性相关。尿毒症患者TC、TG、LDL—C水平与正常对照组比较明显升高。（P〈0．01），HDL—C水平明显降低（P〈0．01）。结论：尿毒症患者中oX—LDL和ET升高，同时NO降低，三者协同作用，进一步导致血管内皮细胞损伤，促进了心血管疾病的发生和发展。     

依达拉奉在鼠氧自由基心肌损害和人病毒性心肌炎中的抗氧化作用研究

目的研究依达拉奉在鼠氧自由基（OFR）心肌损害和人病毒性心肌炎（VMS）中的抗氧化作用。方法通过检测大鼠心肌细胞培育液的心肌细胞存活力（CMV）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,丙二醛（MDA）,肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）指标以对比依达拉奉、维生素C和辅酶Q10对经氧自由基预处理的心肌细胞的保护作用。检测治疗前后血清SOD,MDA,cTnT指标以对比依迭拉奉、维生素C和辅酶Q10对VMS患者的治疗作用。结果（1）大鼠实验示：依达拉奉组CMV高于维生素C组（P〈0．0．5）和辅酶Q10组（P〈0．05）,SOD活性高于维生素C（P〈0．05）;MDA低于维生素C组（P〈0．05）及辅酶Q10组（P〈0．05）;cTnT低于维生素C组（P〈0．05）及辅酶Q10组（P〈0．05）。（2）VMS研究示：经治疗,依达拉奉组患者SOD活性上升高于维生素C组及辅酶Q10组（均为P〈0．05）;MDA和cTnT下降高于维生素C组及辅酶Q10组（MDA均为P〈0．01,cTnT均为P〈0．05）。结论依达拉奉在鼠OFR心肌损害和VMS的抗氧化治疗中有明显效果。     

复方降脂胶囊对高脂血症大鼠模型血脂含量的影响

目的探讨复方降脂胶囊对高脂血症大鼠模型早期发病的治疗作用,为更好的开发和应用此药提供实验依据。方法采用高脂饲料喂养40只Wistar大鼠,建立大鼠高脂血症模型,将复方降脂胶囊分为大、中、小3个剂量,以血清中TC、TG、HDL—C、LDL—C以及OX—LDL和SOD的含量为观测指标,观察药物的降脂疗效。结果中、大剂量治疗组TC、TG、LDL—C水平显著低于高脂血症模型组（P〈0．05）,HDL—C的水平显著性增高（P〈0．05）;药物治疗组与高脂血症模型组比较,血清中OX—LDL含量降低非常显著（P〈0．01）,SOD含量显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论复方降脂胶囊能够降低高脂血症模型大鼠血液中TC、TG、LDL—C和OX—LDL的水平,升高HDL—C、SOD的水平。     

罗格列酮对海洋石油平台糖耐量减低人群糖尿病预防的效果观察

目的比较海洋石油平台员工糖耐量减低（IGT）人群罗格列酮（RSC）药物干预与非干预对糖尿病发病率的影响。方法对口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）确诊的海洋石油平台IGT员工70例进行为期3年的前瞻性研究，分为RSE组和对照组，RSC组给予RSC4mg／d口服，加IGT知识宣教，对照组仅IGT知识宣教，两组每半年进行OGTT复查并强化IGT知识宣教，同时检测空腹血糖（FBG）、胰岛素（Fins）、糖化血红蛋白（HBA1C）、血压、胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、OGTT2h血糖（2hPG）、OGTT2h胰岛素（2hIns）、尿微量白蛋白及尿肌酐，计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、体重指数（BMI）、尿微量白蛋白／肌酐（A／C）。结果干预治疗前，两组基础资料比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05），随访3年，RSC组糖尿病发生率10.0％，对照组40．6％，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；RSC组BMI、FBG、2hPG、HBA1C、2hIns、HOMA-IR、TC、TG较初诊时下降，HDL—C较初诊时升高，对照组2hPG、HBA1C较初诊时升高，两组组内前后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；RSC组BMI、FBG、2hPG、HBA1C、FIns、2hIns、HOMA—IR、TC、TG较对照组同期下降，HDL—C较对照组同期升高，组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0．01）。结论RSC可减少胰岛素抵抗，预防或延缓IGT向2型糖尿病进展。     

C反应蛋白及脂联素与2型糖尿病大血管病变的相关性研究

目的：分析2型糖尿病（DM）合并大血管病变与血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）及脂联素水平的相关性。方法：将2型糖尿病患者79例，按照有无大血管病变分为伴大血管病变组（A组）40例，无大血管病变组（B组）39例；另选择健康者40例作为正常对照组（C组）。均检测血清hs-CRP、脂联素及空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、血脂等指标。结果：A组血清hs-CRP高于B、C组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），B组明显高于C组（P〈0．01），A组脂联素水平明显低于B、C组（P〈0．01），B组明显低于C组（P〈0．01）。相关分析提示，血清hs-CRP与脂联素有相关性（P〈0．01）。结论：hs-CRP和脂联素对预测DM患者发生大血管病变具有重要意义。     

2型糖尿病患者动态动脉硬化指数与颈动脉硬化及其危险因素关系研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者动态动脉硬化指数与颈动脉硬化及其危险因素的相关性。方法收集2型糖尿病患者共103例（T2DM组）,非糖尿病患者41例为对照组（NDM组）。测定两组动态动脉硬化指数（AASI）、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、同型半胱氨酸（HCY）及超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、脉压差（PP）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度胆固醇（HDL—C）及低密度胆固醇（LDL—C）,并对T2DM组进行相关性分析。结果T2DM组患者的IMT、AASI、FPG、HCY及hs—CRP与NMD组比较有非常显著性差异（P〈0．01）,HbAlc有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。2型糖尿病患者ASSI与IMT、糖尿病病程、FPG、HbAlc、SBP、PP、TC、LDL-C、HCY、hs—CRP等呈正相关关系。多元逐步回归分析提示2型糖尿病患者ASSI与IMT、HbAlc、PP、HCY、hs—CRP等有独立的相关关系（偏回归系数r分别为0．413、0．362、0．279、0．301、0．322,均为P〈0．01）。结论2型糖尿病患者ASSI与IMT、HbAlc、PP、HCY、hs—CRP等密切相关。     

TACE联合内皮抑素对兔VX2肝移植瘤的血流动力学影响的超声评价

目的 利用多普勒超声研究TACE联合内皮抑素栓塞治疗后兔VX2肝移植瘤及肝脏的血流动力学变化。方法 20只荷瘤兔,随机分为对照组和抗血管生成组,每组10只,抗血管生成组经兔肝动脉给予内皮抑素＋超液化碘油＋阿霉素栓塞治疗,对照组以生理盐水代替。1周后多普勒超声观察肿瘤血供及肝动脉、门静脉血流动力学变化,检测结果与治疗前相应血管的多普勒血流参数进行比较。结果 对照组治疗后肝动脉最大血流速度增大（P〈0．05）,肝动脉阻力指数和门静脉血流速度无明显变化（P〉0．05）;抗血管生成组栓塞后肝动脉血流速度明显降低（P〈0．05）,阻力指数增大（P〈0．05）,门静脉血流速度无明显变化（P〈0．05）。治疗前所有病灶内及其周边多普勒超声均可检测出较丰富血流信号,治疗后显示抗血管生成组瘤内及瘤周血流信号均明显减弱,部分消失。结论 TACE联合内皮抑素可有效地阻断兔VX2肝移植瘤供血,多普勒超声可显示该血流的变化,便于对其疗效进行及时评价。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.