多囊卵巢综合征患者血PAI-1和uPA含量的变化

目的观察多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者外周血纤溶酶原激活抑制物1(PAI-1)和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)的水平。方法实验分PCOS组和对照组,PCOS组又分为肥胖组和正常体重组,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定PCOS组与对照组患者血浆PAI-1及血清uPA水平,并测定体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素及胰岛素释放试验(IRT),以稳态模型公式评估胰岛素抵抗(IR),并计算胰岛素曲线下面积(AUC)。结果PCOS组与对照组相比,黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素(LH/FSH)、睾酮(T)、空腹血糖、稳态(HOMA)指数、AUC及PAI-1含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。其中,PCOS肥胖组与正常体重组相比,HOMA指数、AUC及PAI-1含量也显著升高(P<0.05)。在相关性分析中,PAI-1与HOMA指数、PAI-1与AUC、PAI-1与BMI、HOMA-IR与BMI均有显著相关性(P<0.0001)。结论胰岛素抵抗和肥胖是影响PCOS患者PAI-1水平升高的一个很重要因素,抗PAI-1的研究可能为多囊卵巢综合征的治疗提供一个新的方法。     

VEGF165反义RNA对人食管鳞癌细胞影响的实验研究

目的 :观察血管内皮生长因子16 5 (VEGF16 5 )反义RNA对人食管鳞癌细胞EC10 9的影响 ,探讨其治疗食管癌的可行性。方法 :采用亚克隆技术 ,构建并鉴定VEGF16 5 反义RNA的真核表达载体。以重组质粒转染人食管鳞癌细胞EC10 9后 ,将其接种于裸鼠皮下 ,分别利用原位杂交、激光共聚焦、图象分析及微血管计数等方法 ,观察转染前后EC10 9细胞的生物学性状和致瘤性。结果 :成功地构建了VEGF16 5 反义RNA的真核表达载体 ,并在EC10 9细胞中获得表达。转染细胞中VEGF16 5 的表达下降 75% ,其生物学性状不受外源基因表达的影响 ,但其在裸鼠皮下的致瘤性和和瘤组织中血管的生成明显下降。VEGF16 5 反义RNA转染组、空载体转染组和对照组中肿瘤的体积 ,分别为 (82 0± 112 .5)mm3 、(793 0± 10 3 5)mm3 和 (7850± 950 )mm3(P <0 .0 1) ;微血管的密度分别为 (8.5± 1.2 ) /mm2 、(44.3± 9.4) /mm2 和 (46.4± 12 .6) /mm2 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :VEGF16 5反义RNA能够明显减少食管鳞癌细胞内VEGF16 5 的表达 ,具有抑制肿瘤生长和血管生成的作用 ,可望用于实体肿瘤的辅助治疗。     

肝素对大鼠Thy-1肾炎u-PA/PAI-1表达的影响

目的：研究尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物／Ⅰ型纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子（u-PA/PAI-1)在大鼠Thy-1肾炎病变进展过程中的变化,以及肝素对其表达的影响。方法：以抗Thy-1单抗成功制备大鼠Thy-1肾炎模型,并用肝素对其进行治疗,分别于1、3、7、14、21、28d处死动物并分别取其肾皮质。应用RT－PCR及Western blot方法检测肾皮质u-PA/PAI-1 mRNA及蛋白表达的变化,以观察肝素对其表达的影响。结果：RT－PCR法显示肾炎模型组（G组）于3－28d的肾皮质u-PA mRNA和3－21d的肾皮质PAI－1 mRNA的表达均高于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01);肝素治疗组（H组）仅21d时肾皮质u-PA mRNA的表达高于G组（P＜0.05),而PAI-1 mRNA的表达于3－28d时均低于G组（P＜0.05)。Western blot结果显示3－28d时,G组u-PA和PAI－1蛋白表达量高于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01),这与RT－PCR检测结果相似;H组肾皮质u-PA蛋白表达量与G组相比差异无显著性,而3－21d时PAI－1蛋白表达量均低于G组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。结论：大鼠Thy-1肾炎肾皮质u-PA与PAI－1的表达均随肾小球病变的进展而增强,肝素治疗可能通过干扰或抑制u-PA和PAI－1的表达而发挥其治疗作用。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体2与被动致敏的人气道平滑肌细胞增殖相关性研究

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其受体2（KDR）在被动致敏的人气道平滑肌细胞（ASNC）中表达变化及其对ASMC增殖的影响。方法培养人ASMC，用支气管哮喘病人血清被动致敏ASMC。用免疫组织化学技术检测ASMC增殖细胞核抗原（POJA）的表达，MTT法检测细胞代谢活性及流式细胞仪分析细胞周期；用RT-PCR及Western blot方法分别检测VEGF和KDR mRNA及蛋白质在不同组人ASMC的表达程度。结果（1）被动致敏组ASMC较对照组和干预组增殖显著增加（P〈0．05）。（2）被动致敏组ASMC的VEGF121、VEGF165和VEGF189的mRNA表达分别较对照组和干预组显著增加（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。（3）被动致敏组ASMCVEGF及KDR蛋白质的表达较对照组和干预组显著增加（P〈0．05）。直线相关性分析显示，ASMC中PCNA表达与ASMC中VEGF121、165、189及KDRmRNA表达水平呈正相关（r分别为0．73、0．82、0．77、0．70，P〈0．05）；ASMC中PCNA表达与ASMC中VEGF及KDR蛋白质表达水平也呈正相关（r分别为0．69、0．67,P〈0．05）。结论被动致敏的ASMC中VEGF及其受体KDR表达上调。并与ASMC增殖密切相关。该结果提示VEGF及其受体2可能参与了哮喘气道重建中ASMC增殖的过程。     

RNA interference targeting ORC1 gene suppresses the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in rats

Background

The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis. The largest subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC), ORC1, plays a critical role during the initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotes. However, the involvement of ORC1 in the initiation of DNA replication in VSMCs has not been studied yet.

Objective

The aim of this study was to silence ORC1 gene selectively by using RNA interference and analyze the effects of ORC1 gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of rat VSMCs.

Methods

Freshly isolated rat VSMCs were transfected with siRNA targeting ORC1 gene capsulated in liposome. ORC1 protein expression was determined by Western blotting and ORC1 mRNA level by RT-PCR. DNA synthesis was analyzed by ³H thymidine (³H-TdR) incorporation and cell proliferative activity and cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. Two apoptosis-related proteins, Bax and Bcl-2, were examined immunohistochemically.

Results

Down-regulation of ORC1 mRNA and protein expression was observed in rat VSMCs at 24 h after transfection with the three pairs of siRNA targeting ORC1 gene and this reduction persisted at least 7 days post-transfection. Down-regulation of ORC1 mRNA (60%) and protein (80%) expression was observed at 72 h post-transfection in the cells transfected with B-ORC1 siRNA. A significant decrease in ³H thymidine incorporation was observed in rat VSMCs with ORC1 gene silencing after serum challenge, but not in the non-silenced control. A significant increase in the proliferation index and a significant decrease in the percentage of cells at G₀/G₁ phase after serum challenge were observed in the non-silenced control, but not in ORC1 gene silenced cells. A significant increase in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was observed after serum challenge in the non-silenced control, but only a slight increase was found in the ORC1 gene silenced cells. ORC1 gene silencing disappeared 7 days after transfection. Continuous serum challenge stimulated VSMCs to synchronously reenter the cell cycle as evidenced by increases in [³H] thymidine incorporation, the proliferation index, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, as non-silenced cells were induced to resume cell cycle progression by the addition of 15% fetal bovine serum to the culture medium.

Conclusion

ORC1 gene silencing causes rat VSMCs to enter a reversible G₀ quiescent, growth arrested state; thus, ORC1 gene may be an important new target for suppressing VSMCs proliferation.     

Effects of black cohosh on the plasminogen activator system in vascular smooth muscle cells

Objective

The rhizome of the Cimicifuga racemosa plant (commonly known as black cohosh) has been used for menopausal complaints. Studies regarding the cardiovascular effects of black cohosh are lacking. We investigated the effect of black cohosh on the plasminogen activator system in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Methods

VSMCs were isolated from rat aortae. Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The activities of PAI-1 and t-PA in the conditioned media were assessed by fibrin overlay zymography. A 40% 2-propanol extract of black cohosh was used.

Results

Black cohosh extract (BcEx) stimulated the protein expression of PAI-1, but it did not affect that of t-PA. Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, inhibited the BcEx-induced increase in PAI-1 expression, while ICI 182,780, an estrogen receptor antagonist, had no effect. Fibrin overlay zymography revealed that BcEx increased the activity of PAI-1 in the conditioned media, while concurrently decreasing that of free t-PA by inducing a binding to PAI-1.

Conclusions

BcEx induces PAI-1 protein expression in the VSMCs likely via an oxidant mechanism. It also stimulates the enzyme activity of PAI-1 and reduces that of free t-PA. These findings suggest that black cohosh might exert a negative influence on fibrinolysis.     

高糖、高脂血症大鼠血管内皮细胞及平滑肌细胞的形态和功能改变

复制高糖、是动物模型,利用血管功能测定,组织培养和放射免疫分析等方法观察长期高糖,高脂血症对血管内皮细胞和平骨肌细胞功能的影响及相互作用,结果表明,高糖、高脂对血和内皮细胞均有影响,两者有协同作用;对血管平滑肌细胞两者均可促进其增强,加速了糖尿病血管并发症的发生发展。     

KDR反义寡核苷酸对人血管内皮细胞的作用

VEGF及其受体KDR在肿瘤血管生成中起重要作用。我们用KDR特异性反义寡核苷酸作用于人血管内皮细胞,以阻断VEGF的自分泌作用通路,观察对细胞增殖的影响、细胞超微结构的变化及检测细胞DNA含量,测定细胞分泌VEGF的能力,并检测作用后KDR mRNA和KDR蛋白的水平。结果发现未经处理的人血管内皮细胞能分泌一定量的VEGF,KDR ASODN能抑制人血管内皮细胞内KDR基因的表达,并显著抑制细胞的增殖,在一定剂量下还可诱导凋亡。结果说明KDR ASODN能显著抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖,VEGF受体KDR在人血管内皮细胞的增殖和凋亡的凋控中起重要作用。     

同型半胱氨酸对血管内皮细胞PAI-1活性及其mRNA水平的影响

探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）致血管病变的机制。培养人脐静脉内皮细胞株,用发色底物法测定细胞上清的纤溶酶原激活物抑制物－1（PAI－1）活性,细胞原位杂交及辉度扫描检测PAI－1 mRNA水平。结果表明H 驻作用血管内皮细胞后,PAI－1活性随Hcy浓度增加和Hcy作用时间延长而呈递增趋势,PAI－1 mRNA灰度面积积分值随Hyc浓度的增加而增加。提示Hcy抑制内皮细胞纤溶能力是Hcy致血栓形成和血管病变的一个机制。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in invasive breast carcinoma: prognostic significance and relationship with markers for aggressiveness

Dhakal H P, Naume B, Synnestvedt M, Borgen E, Kaaresen R, Schlichting E, Wiedswang G, Bassarova A, Holm R, Giercksky K‐E & Nesland J M
(2012) Histopathology  61, 350–364 Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in invasive breast carcinoma: prognostic significance and relationship with markers for aggressiveness Aims: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR‐1) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) play a role in breast cancer growth and angiogenesis. We examined the expression and relationship with clinical outcome and other prognostic factors. Methods and results: Tumour sections from 468 breast cancer patients were immunostained for VEGF, VEGFR‐1, and VEGFR‐2, and their relationships with tumour vascularity, disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in bone marrow and other clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. VEGF, VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 immunoreactivities were observed in invasive breast carcinoma cells. VEGF expression was significantly associated with VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 expression (P < 0.001). High‐level cytoplasmic expression of VEGFR‐1 was associated with significantly reduced distant disease‐free survival (DDFS) (P = 0.017, log‐rank) and breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) (P = 0.005, log‐rank) for all patients, and for node‐negative patients without systemic treatment (DDFS, P = 0.03, log‐rank; BCSS, P = 0.009, log‐rank). VEGFR‐1 expression was significantly associated with histopathological markers of aggressiveness (P < 0.05). Significantly reduced survival was observed in DTC‐positive patients as compared with DTC‐negative patients in the combined moderate/high VEGFR‐1 group (P < 0.001 for DDFS and BCSS), and the same was true for DDFS in the moderate VEGFR‐2 group (P = 0.006). Conclusions: High‐level expression of VEGFR‐1 indicates reduced survival. Higher‐level expression of VEGFR‐1 or VEGFR‐2 in primary breast carcinomas combined with the presence of DTC selects a prognostically unfavourable patient group.     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体mRNA在输卵管妊娠蜕膜组织的表达

目的:检测血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体(KDR、Flt-1)在输卵管妊娠蜕膜组织的表达,探讨其在输卵管妊娠中的作用。方法:采用半定量RT-PCR方法,检测输卵管妊娠蜕膜组织中的VEGF、KDR、Flt-1 mRNA的表达,并与正常输卵管黏膜及正常宫内早孕子宫蜕膜组织比较。结果:半定量结果表明,VEGF、KDR、Flt-1 mRNA在输卵管妊娠蜕膜组织中的表达强于正常输卵管组织,但弱于正常宫内早孕蜕膜组织,差异均有显著性。结论:输卵管妊娠时,VEGF及其受体mRNA水平的增高是使滞留在输卵管的胚泡着床于输卵管的重要因素。     

Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor released from cultured dermal substitute on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro

Allogeneic cultured dermal substitute (CDS) was prepared by culturing fibroblasts on a two-layered spongy matrix of hyaluronic acid and atelocollagen. CDS can be cryopreserved and transported to other hospitals in a frozen state. The present study was designed to analyze the amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released from fibroblasts in fresh and cryopreserved CDS and to investigate the effects of this VEGF on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. The culture medium used in preparing CDS (fresh CDS culture medium sample) was collected and stored at –30°C for the quantitative analysis of VEGF. After thawing cryopreserved CDS, it was recultured in a culture medium for 1 week. The culture medium used was collected and stored at –30°C for quantitative analysis of VEGF. The amounts of VEGF released from the fresh and cryopreserved CDS into the culture medium were about 610pg/ml and 640pg/ml, respectively. This finding suggests that the cryopreserved CDS retains its ability to release VEGF. Immunohistological analysis indicated that some of the VEGF adhered to the matrix. Human vascular endothelial cells were cultured in medium mixed with the fresh or cryopreserved CDS culture medium sample. Proliferation of vascular endothelial cells was enhanced by increasing the concentration of both CDS culture medium samples. When antihuman VEGF antibody was added to the culture medium, the proliferative activity of vascular endothelial cells was reduced. These findings confirm that VEGF released from CDS promotes proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.     

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1反义RNA对猪主动脉内皮细胞中成纤维细胞生长因子的影响

许多研究表明纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1(ＰＡＩ 1)在动脉粥样硬化病变处的表达增加。ＰＡＩ 1可以通过促进细胞外基质积聚、促进血栓形成和调节平滑肌细胞迁移和增殖而促进动脉粥样硬化的发展[1] ,因此 ,降低动脉壁ＰＡＩ 1表达有可能延缓动脉粥样硬化的发展。我们观察了构建的ＰＡＩ 1反义ＲＮＡ重组质粒转导入离体培养的猪主动脉内皮细胞 (ＥＣ)后 ,表达的ＰＡＩ 1反义ＲＮＡ对细胞中ＰＡＩ 1表达的作用及对成纤维细胞生长因子 (ＦＧＦ)的影响。一、材料与方法1.细胞培养及鉴定 :体外培养猪主动脉内皮细胞 ,细胞在光镜下呈扁平、多角形或瓦…     

胰腺癌患者血浆PAI-1测定的临床意义

目的:探讨血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)在胰腺癌患者中的浓度变化,并探讨在胰腺癌诊断中的应用价值.方法:收集胰腺癌患者50例,以及正常健康人50例,用ELISA检测胰腺癌患者及正常对照组血浆PAI-1的含量,并比较其差异.结果:胰腺癌组血浆PAI-1的含量(20.49±8.74)ng/ml明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),且PAI-1浓度在胰腺癌Ⅳ期的含量与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期比较均有不同程度升高(P<0.05).结论:血浆中PAI-1的浓度升高与胰腺癌的发生有一定的联系,可作为诊断该类恶性肿瘤的实验室指标.     

胃癌中uPA、PAI-1表达及其与血管生成的关系

目的 观察胃癌组织中uPA、PAI-1mRNA及蛋白的表达，并探讨它们与肿瘤分化、血管生成及临床病理因素之间的关系。方法 用原位杂交及免疫组化S-P法检测110例胃癌组织中uPA、PAI-1的表达，根据CD34阳性的血管内皮细胞计数肿瘤组织微血管密度（MVD）。结果 （1）胃癌组织中uPA mRNA和蛋白、PAI-1 mRNA和蛋白阳性表达定位于胞质；uPA的表达随分化程度的降低有逐渐升高的趋势，PAI-1的表达随分化程度的降低有逐渐降低的趋势。（2）110例uPA mRNA及蛋白表达阳性组MVD值显著高于阴性组，差异均具有显著性（P值均＜0．05）。（3）uPA mRNA及蛋白的表达与临床分期呈正相关（P＜0．05），PAI-1的表达与临床分期和淋巴结转移无相关性。（4）uPA mRNA／蛋白与PAI-1 mRNA／蛋白的表达无相关性。结论uPA与促进胃癌的血管生成密切相关，阻断uPA的分泌和作用途径有望对胃癌浸润转移起抑制作用；胃癌组织中PAI-1可能担当重要的调节剂或者是肿瘤细胞防止自身降解的保护剂而不是这个系统的单纯抑制剂。     

尼古丁对血管内皮细胞释放t-PA及PAI-1的影响

目的:研究尼古丁对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)释放组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)的影响。方法:HUVECs培养后接种于24孔培养板中,随机分为对照组及实验组,分别进行以下实验。(1)以0.1、1、10、100μmol/L尼古丁孵育HUVECs,12h后收集各组上清液;(2)以100μmol/L尼古丁与HUVECs孵育0、4、6、8、12及24h,收集各组上清液。采用ELISA法测定各组t-PA和PAI-1的浓度。结果:HUVECs与不同浓度尼古丁孵育12h后,100μmol/L尼古丁组PAI-1蛋白较对照组明显增加(P0.05);各浓度组t-PA蛋白与对照组比较,均无显著差异(均P>0.05)。HUVECs与100μmol/L的尼古丁分别孵育4、6、8、12及24h,各组PAI-1蛋白均较对照组明显升高(P0.05)。结论:尼古丁可抑制HUVECs的纤溶活性,对内皮细胞具有损伤作用。     

脂肪酸对人血管内皮细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1表达的影响

为探讨不同种类脂肪酸对血管内皮细胞(ECs)纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)表达的直接影响及影响水平，以不同浓度的亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸诱导培养ECs，逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和酶联免疫吸附法。（ELISA)检测PAI-1的mRNA和蛋白表达，随后以上述脂肪酸诱导转染了由PAI-1启动子控制表达的报告基因的ECs，ELISA检测PAI-1启动子转录活性，结果ECs中亚麻酸、亚油酸和油酸均浓度依赖地诱导PAI-1 mRNA和蛋白表达，硬脂酸无影响，而它们对PAI-1启动子转录活性的影响与上述作用一致，提示不饱和脂肪酸通过提高PAI-1转录活性诱导其在ECs的表达。     

体外培养的血管内皮细胞低氧低糖损伤后tPA、PAI-1表达变化

目的：观察体外培养的血管内皮细胞低氧低糖损伤后组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)、Ⅰ型纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子(PAI-1)表达变化,探讨脑缺血后纤溶系统的变化及机制。材料和方法：制备体外内皮细胞低氧低糖损伤模型,利用HE染色、免疫细胞化学染色观察tPA、PAI-1表达变化。结果：低氧低糖损伤后,tPA、PAI-1表达均明显增强。结论：成功制备体外内皮细胞低氧低糖损伤模型。内皮细胞低氧低糖损伤可以诱导tPA、PAI-1表达增多,进一步说明脑缺血损伤后tPA、PAI-1表达增加并参与损伤过程。     

胰岛素和葡萄糖对缺氧血管内皮细胞分泌tPA和PAI-1抗原的影响

摘要目的:观察胰岛素和葡萄糖对缺氧血管内皮细胞分泌组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)及其抑制物-1(PAI-1)的影响。方法:培养人脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV-304。分组实验:(1)常氧组;(2)在缺氧条件下又分为Ⅰ:缺氧对照组;Ⅱ:低浓度组:胰岛素150mU/L、葡萄糖5.5mmol/L;Ⅲ:中浓度组:胰岛素450mU/L、葡萄糖15mmol/L;Ⅳ:高浓度组:胰岛素900mU/L、葡萄糖30mmol/L;Ⅴ:渗透压对照组:甘露醇24.5mmol/L。取培养4、8、12h3个时点,用ELISA法测定细胞培养上清液tPA、PAI-1抗原。结果:缺氧明显增加tPA和PAI-1抗原分泌,tPA/PAI-1值明显增加(P＜0.01)。胰岛素和葡萄糖能够刺激缺氧内皮细胞分泌tPA和PAI-1抗原,在缺氧8h以内,tPA/PAI-1比值明显增加(P＜0.05)。随缺氧时间的延长,tPA/PAI-1值逐渐下降。结论:胰岛素和葡萄糖能够刺激内皮细胞分泌tPA和PAI-1抗原,在缺氧8h以内,tPA/PAI-1值升高,纤溶活性升高,有利于局部自发性纤溶的发生。此作用可能是IGK治疗急性心肌梗死的机制之一。