头颈部肿瘤术后缺损游离组织瓣的供区选择

目的应用游离组织瓣修复头颈部肿瘤术后缺损,探讨较简便合适的方法。方法回顾并分析1999年1月~2002年1月,采用游离组织瓣修复头颈部肿瘤术后缺损86例。缺损部位:口腔32例,下咽27例,下颌骨12例,颅底5例,中面部4例和头皮/皮肤6例。供区:腹直肌皮瓣32例,股前外侧皮瓣10例,空肠瓣25例,腓骨瓣11例,背阔肌皮瓣4例,前臂皮瓣3例和肩胛皮瓣1例。其中皮瓣或肌皮瓣大小4 cm×5 cm~14 cm×24 cm,腓骨瓣长度4~16 cm,空肠瓣长度9~20 cm。结果游离组织瓣术后成活79例,成活率为92%。其中口腔缺损采用腹直肌肌皮瓣22例(69%)和股前外侧皮瓣10例(31%)修复;下咽缺损主要用空肠瓣修复25例(93%),下颌骨缺损则用腓骨瓣修复11例(92%),颅底缺损由腹直肌皮瓣修复4例(80%)。腹直肌、股前外侧、空肠和腓骨4种组织瓣修复头颈部缺损78例,占同期游离组织瓣的91%。结论头颈部肿瘤术后缺损复杂,利用腹直肌肌皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、空肠瓣和腓骨瓣可解决大多数修复重建的难题。     

负压引流结合皮瓣修复治疗难治性感染缺损创面

目的 总结修复难治性感染缺损创面的治疗经验.方法 难治性感染缺损创面20例,经全身支持治疗并通过多次清创负压引流后,分别采用腓肠肌肌皮瓣、带腓动脉的小腿外侧岛状皮瓣、腓肠肌肌瓣加植皮、带部分腹直肌的胸脐游离皮瓣、游离背阔肌肌皮瓣、带阔筋膜张肌的股前外侧游离皮瓣、臀大肌肌皮瓣、股后筋膜皮瓣、阔筋膜张肌肌皮瓣、局部皮瓣等进行修复,皮瓣切取面积最大25.0 cm×12.0 cm,最小3.0 cm×3.2 cm.结果 20例皮瓣均完全成活,创面有效修复,平均住院时间23 d,术后经3～8个月随访,创面愈合良好,功能恢复满意.结论 负压封闭引流结合皮瓣移植修复治疗难治性感染缺损创面,可获得较好的临床效果.     

负压引流结合皮瓣修复治疗难治性感染缺损创面

目的 总结修复难治性感染缺损创面的治疗经验.方法 难治性感染缺损创面20例,经全身支持治疗并通过多次清创负压引流后,分别采用腓肠肌肌皮瓣、带腓动脉的小腿外侧岛状皮瓣、腓肠肌肌瓣加植皮、带部分腹直肌的胸脐游离皮瓣、游离背阔肌肌皮瓣、带阔筋膜张肌的股前外侧游离皮瓣、臀大肌肌皮瓣、股后筋膜皮瓣、阔筋膜张肌肌皮瓣、局部皮瓣等进行修复,皮瓣切取面积最大25.0 cm×12.0 cm,最小3.0 cm×3.2 cm.结果 20例皮瓣均完全成活,创面有效修复,平均住院时间23 d,术后经3～8个月随访,创面愈合良好,功能恢复满意.结论 负压封闭引流结合皮瓣移植修复治疗难治性感染缺损创面,可获得较好的临床效果.     

负压引流结合皮瓣修复治疗难治性感染缺损创面

目的 总结修复难治性感染缺损创面的治疗经验.方法 难治性感染缺损创面20例,经全身支持治疗并通过多次清创负压引流后,分别采用腓肠肌肌皮瓣、带腓动脉的小腿外侧岛状皮瓣、腓肠肌肌瓣加植皮、带部分腹直肌的胸脐游离皮瓣、游离背阔肌肌皮瓣、带阔筋膜张肌的股前外侧游离皮瓣、臀大肌肌皮瓣、股后筋膜皮瓣、阔筋膜张肌肌皮瓣、局部皮瓣等进行修复,皮瓣切取面积最大25.0 cm×12.0 cm,最小3.0 cm×3.2 cm.结果 20例皮瓣均完全成活,创面有效修复,平均住院时间23 d,术后经3～8个月随访,创面愈合良好,功能恢复满意.结论 负压封闭引流结合皮瓣移植修复治疗难治性感染缺损创面,可获得较好的临床效果.     

基于多学科综合治疗模式的胸壁肿瘤术后巨大复合组织缺损的修复策略

目的 探究胸壁肿瘤切除术后巨大复合组织缺损重建的策略。方法 自2007年1月至2021年1月,中国医学科学院北京协和医院整形美容外科对基于多学科综合治疗（multi-disciplinary team,MDT）模式胸壁肿瘤术后巨大复合组织缺损修复的23例患者,进行回顾性分析和总结。结果 在纳入的23例患者中,19例进行了骨性重建,其中8例钛网,11例钛棒。23例患者均接受了软组织重建,其中12例采用带蒂背阔肌肌皮瓣,4例采用带蒂腹直肌肌皮瓣,4例采用胸大肌肌皮瓣,2例采用局部皮瓣,1例采用游离股前外侧皮瓣。术后平均随访时间为（32.96±22.85）个月,11例恶性肿瘤患者因肿瘤转移死亡,另外7例恶性肿瘤患者及5例良性肿瘤患者存活。12例存活患者中,3例术后出现局部伤口愈合不良,采取扩大清创,二期局部皮瓣转移覆盖缺损区域,其余患者皮瓣完全成活。结论 胸壁肿瘤切除术后巨大复合组织缺损修补需要多学科协作,根据患者情况进行个性化治疗。修复的基本思路是分层重建,骨性重建采用钛棒、钛网,软组织修复重建则应用背阔肌皮瓣、腹直肌皮瓣等。     

腹直肌皮瓣修复开放性血气胸并胸壁缺损一例

:2 0 0 2年 3月我院收治 1例左 4～ 9肋骨多处骨折并胸大肌、背阔肌等胸壁皮肤软组织大面积缺损 ,左侧开放性气胸的病例 ,当时给予清创、肺修补、肋骨钢丝固定、胸腔闭式引流等处理。术后 5 2ｄ因肋骨外露 ,皮肤软组织缺损必须以皮瓣修复的方式解决 ,而周围的胸大肌、背阔肌等已受损 ,游离皮瓣修复因左胸壁大面积受损 ,受区已无可吻合血管而无法采用 ,故我们采用右侧带蒂腹直肌皮瓣转移 ,术中切取皮瓣约 2 6ｃｍ× 12ｃｍ ,于皮下隧道引至左胸缺损处进行修复并获得成功。腹直肌皮瓣修复开放性血气胸并胸壁缺损一例@洪建明$江西九江市中国人…     

腹直肌-背阔肌肌皮瓣联合应用乳房再造术

目的　探索一种同时修复乳房和胸壁缺损的手术方法。方法　利用下腹部横行腹直肌肌皮瓣 (下简称TRAM皮瓣 )和部分背阔肌肌皮瓣 ,为乳癌术后患者行乳房再造及胸壁缺损修复。结果　 4例 8个皮瓣全部成活 ,再造乳房及胸壁缺损修复效果满意。结论　联合应用腹直肌—背阔肌肌皮瓣 ,可以同时完成乳房再造及胸壁缺损的修复 ,效果满意。     

对侧胸三角皮瓣修复乳癌根治术后放疗溃疡

乳癌根治术后放射治疗所致胸壁巨大溃疡,由于局部曾受到辐射损伤,细菌感染,及切除后缺损面积大,修复十分困难。采用背阔肌或腹直肌肌皮瓣修复,创伤较大。近年来,我院采用对侧胸三角皮瓣治疗4例,效果良好。     

游离股前外侧皮瓣修复口腔颌面部组织缺损的临床观察

目的观察游离股前外侧皮瓣修复口腔颌面部组织缺损的临床效果。方法将90例舌根癌患者分为3组各30例分别选取股前外侧皮瓣、胸大肌皮瓣、背阔肌皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损组织。分析比较其皮瓣成活率以及患者对修复术后的满意率。结果股前外侧皮瓣组皮瓣成活率(90%)均明显高于胸大肌皮瓣组(40%)和背阔肌皮瓣组的皮瓣成活率(20%),组间比较差别均有统计学意义(P0.05),患者对股前外侧皮瓣修复术结果满意率(97%)显著高于胸大肌皮瓣修复术(43%)和背阔肌皮瓣修复术(17%),组间相比较差别均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论股前外侧皮瓣修复口腔颌面部组织缺损的皮瓣成活率高,对患者容貌和生理功能影响小。临床效果肯定。     

对侧胸三角皮瓣修复乳癌根治术后放疗溃疡

对侧胸三角皮瓣修复乳癌根治术后放疗溃疡张嘉一郑妍丽哈芬孙强姜涛许慧艳乳癌根治术后放射治疗所致胸壁巨大溃疡，由于局部曾受到辐射损伤，细菌感染，及切除后缺损面积大，修复十分困难。采用背阔肌或腹直肌肌皮瓣修复，创伤较大。近年来，我院采用对侧胸三角皮瓣治疗４...     

Using the costal muscle flap with latissimus dorsi muscle to repair full-thickness anterior chest wall defects

Musculoosseous flaps with latissimus dorsi muscle are used for reconstruction of full-thickness anterior chest wall defects. The 11th and 12th ribs and the posterior parietal pleura are elevated with the latissimus dorsi muscle. The blood supply of the compound flap comes from the thoracodorsal pedicle and from perforating segmental vessels. The posterior thoracic wall island is transferred to the anterior chest wall defect to restore a skeletal plane and the transposed latissimus dorsi obliterates all the dead spaces that cannot be collapsed. The latissimus dorsi compound flap with the 11th and 12th ribs appears to be a "safe" procedure to reconstruct full-thickness anterior chest wall defects.     

Radical resection of a giant recurrent chondrosarcoma of the anterior chest wall

A 63-year-old woman presented with a giant anterior chest wall tumor. She had undergone an operation 5 years previously for sternal chondrosarcoma at another medical center. Here, the patient underwent further surgery: a radical en bloc resection of an 18 × 18 cm portion of her anterior chest wall was performed, including the proximal ends of both clavicles, the first three costochondral joints bilaterally, and the tumor mass. The large chest wall defect was reconstructed in two layers: the first with a polypropylene mesh and a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap as the second. She is healthy 20 months postoperatively.     

Efficiency of the combination of Mersilene-musculocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of full-thickness chest wall defects. A retrospective study of 14 cases

SUBJECT: The tumors of chest wall can be responsible of large full-thickness defects. The skeletal stabilization by different synthetic materials with numerous modalities of use and the superficial coverage of the defect by a musculocutaneous flap are the two imperatives parts of this reconstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1997 to January 2006, 14 patients, 10 males and 4 females, aged between 17 and 63 years old and suffering from full-thickness chest wall defects secondary to tumor resection have benefited from a simple reconstruction, wherever the defect, by a Mersilene Mesh and a muscular or musculocutaneous flap. These defects measured between 8 x 12 cm and 14 x 16 cm and were located in the anterior part of the chest in 3 cases, with resection of the upper half of the sternum and the internal part of both clavicles and the first three ribs, and in the lateral part of the chest in 11 cases with resection between 3 and 5 ribs. The histological diagnoses of these tumors were 3 chondrosarcomas, 3 sternum and 1 rib metastases, 2 desmoid tumors, 1 Ewing's sarcoma, 4 benign tumors. The flaps used were pedicled in 13 cases and based on the latissimus dorsi muscle, the serratus muscle and the pectoralis major muscle; in 1 case, the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was free. RESULTS: The skeletal stabilisation seems satisfying. There was no problems with the pulmonary function except in 4 cases where a dyspnea appears in sustained effort. No vascular complication on these flaps was noted. With a mean follow up of 46 months, there was no local recurrence of the malignant tumors. Two patients were deceased 1 year after surgery.0. CONCLUSION: The Mersilene mesh associated with a locoregional musculocutaneous flap represent a simple and efficient solution for the treatment of such defects.     

背阔肌肌皮瓣在前胸部肿瘤切除后皮肤缺损中的应用

目的探讨应用背阔肌肌皮瓣修复前胸部肿瘤切除后皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法对28例前胸部皮肤肿瘤患者根据其性质切除肿瘤后,按皮肤肌肉缺损面积,设计背阔肌肌皮瓣转移至缺损区修复。结果28例患者相应的局部皮瓣转移修复至缺损区,术后皮瓣均全部成活,供受区切口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访3～24个月,效果满意。结论背阔肌肌皮瓣是临床上修复胸部肿瘤切除后皮肤缺损的实用而有效的方法。     

Coverage of complex defects of the shoulder girdle and posterior neck triangle following tumor resection

IntroductionNumerous pedicle and free flaps have been used to cover complex defects of the shoulder girdle and posterior neck triangle following tumor resection. We describe our choice of flap selection in these patients with case examples.Presentation of casesThree cases examples demonstrate our choice of flap selection. In the first case, an anterior shoulder girdle defect is covered by an anteriorly transposed latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The second case demonstrates the coverage of a posterior shoulder girdle defect by a posteriorly transposed latissimus dorsi muscle flap. Finally, the third case demonstrates the coverage of a posterior triangle neck defect using a superiorly transposed pectoralis major muscle flap. All reconstructions utilize muscle flaps (covered by split-thickness skin grafts) and not myocutaneous flaps.DiscussionWe demonstrate that these two pedicle muscle flaps are adequate for coverage of large complex defects of the shoulder girdle and posterior neck triangle. We also demonstrate the advantages of using muscle rather than myocutaneous flaps.ConclusionPedicle latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major muscle flaps are simpler and preferred over free flaps for coverage of complex defects of the shoulder girdle and posterior neck triangle. The use of muscle rather than myocutaneous flaps will reduce the size of the original defect, make flap design easier and reduce donor site morbidity.     

Thoracic wall reconstruction using both portions of the latissimus dorsi previously divided in the course of posterolateral thoracotomy.

OBJECTIVE: Besides other factors, the choice of reconstructive method for full thickness thoracic wall defects depends on the morbidity of preceding surgical procedures. The pedicled latissimus dorsi flap is a reliable and safe option for reconstruction of the thorax. A posterolateral thoracotomy, however, results in division of the muscle. Both parts of the muscle can be employed to close full thickness defects of the chest wall. The proximal part can be pedicled on the thoracodorsal vessels or the serratus branch; the distal part can be pedicled on paravertebral or intercostal perforators. This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the reconstructive potential of both parts of the latissimus dorsi in thoracic wall reconstruction after posterolateral thoracotomy. METHODS: Between 1987 and 1999, 36 consecutive patients underwent reconstruction of full-thickness thoracic wall defects with latissimus dorsi-flaps after posterolateral thoracotomies. The defects resulted from infection and open window thoracostomy (n=31), trauma (n=3) and resection of tumours (n=2). The patients' average age was 57 years (range 22-76 years). Twenty-five patients were male, 11 were female. In 31 cases the split latissimus dorsi alone was employed; in five cases additional flaps had to be used due to the size of the defects, additional intrathoracic problems or neighbouring defects. RESULTS: In 34 cases defect closure could be achieved without major complications. Empyema recurred in the pleural cavity in one case and one patient died of septicaemia. The 15 patients who had required a respirator in the preoperative phase could be extubated 4.8 days (average) after thoracic wall reconstruction. Postoperative hospital stay averaged 16 days. CONCLUSIONS: Different methods are available for reconstruction of full thickness defects of the thoracic wall. After posterolateral thoracotomy in the surgical treatment of empyema, oncologic surgery and traumatology, the latissimus dorsi muscle still retains some reconstructive potential. Advantages are low additional donor site morbidity and anatomical reliability. As it is located near the site of the defect, there is no need for additional surgical sites or intraoperative repositioning. In our service, the split latissimus dorsi muscle flap has proven to be a valuable and reliable option in thoracic wall reconstruction.     

Prosthetic mesh for infected abdominal wall defects? Report of a patient with a large full thickness abdominal wall defect and colostomy due to a gunshot wound.

Reconstruction of large, infected abdominal wall defects is often difficult. Local factors, such as defect size, presence of infection, adequate skin coverage and presence of enteric fistulae dictate the reconstructive method that can be used. Placement of prosthetic mesh materials into infected defects was generally not recommended due to a high rate of extrusion and fistulae. We present a patient with a large infected abdominal wall defect, exposed intestines and colostomy due to a gunshot wound that was successfully treated with a polypropylene mesh reinforcement and free latissimus dorsi muscle flap coverage. Twelve months following abdominal wall reconstruction with stable soft tissue cover, the patient is without any signs of hernia or infection. We conclude that prosthetic mesh repair of infected abdominal wall defects of such characteristics that preclude other reconstructive procedures can be attempted provided there is coverage with a well vascularised tissue.     

修复上胸壁巨大肿瘤切除后缺损一例的早期效果

目的应用钛网、重建钢板及背阔肌带蒂肌皮瓣,修复上胸壁乳腺肉瘤样癌切除后巨大缺损1例,观察术后早期效果。方法于2006年2月收治1例56岁女性上胸壁乳腺肉瘤样癌患者,行肿瘤切除后缺损约20cm×15cm,钛网覆盖胸壁缺损,重建钢板连接双侧锁骨残端,右侧背阔肌带蒂肌皮瓣约20cm×15cm移位修复软组织缺损。结果患者术后3d脱呼吸机,反常呼吸较明显。2周皮瓣血运稳定后,用胸带固定胸廓,反常呼吸渐消失,皮瓣血供良好。复查胸片,钛网及重建钢板位置良好。术后1个月转入肿瘤科化疗。随访3个月,局部及全身无不适;双肩活动度前屈90°,外展90°;肿瘤未见复发。结论胸壁巨大缺损重建时应选择质地较硬的材料,重建钢板维持双侧锁骨的解剖位置,肩关节功能恢复好,背阔肌带蒂肌皮瓣可适当扩大切取。