Acetabular Morphology Predicts the Risk of Dislocation Following Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly

BackgroundHip hemiarthroplasty dislocation is a devastating complication. Among other preoperative risk factors, acetabular morphology has been rarely studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of preoperative native acetabular morphology on hemiarthroplasty dislocation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 867 patients who underwent hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture between January 1, 2014 and January 1, 2019. The 380 included patients were treated with an anterior-based muscle-sparing approach. The central-edge angle (CEA) and acetabular depth-to-width ratio (ADWR) of the fractured hip were measured preoperatively on the anteroposterior pelvic view. Receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to analyze the optimal cutoff for CEA and ADWR. Hemiarthroplasty dislocation occurred in 18 patients (4.7%), and the remaining 362 patients were used as the control group.ResultsNo significant differences in terms of sex, age, dementia, neuromuscular disease, and body mass index were found between the 2 groups. The 18 patients who had a hip dislocation had significantly smaller mean CEA than the control group (P = .0001) (mean 36.1 ± 7.5° and 43.2 ± 5.6°, respectively) as well as ADWR (mean 34 ± 6 versus 37 ± 4, respectively) (P = .001). Using the receiver operating characteristic analysis, we report significant cutoffs of 38.5° for CEA (P = .0001) and 34.5 for the ADWR (P = .017).ConclusionHigher rates of hemiarthroplasty dislocation were observed in patients who had a preoperative CEA of less than 38.5° and an ADWR of less than 34.5. Patients who have preoperative acetabular morphological risk factors for dislocation might be better candidates for a total hip arthroplasty.     

Treatment of femoral neck fractures with bipolar hemiarthroplasty using a modified minimally invasive posterior approach in patients with neurological disorders

Bipolar hemiarthroplasty is a useful treatment for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. Although uncommon, dislocation is problematic, particularly in older patients, and those with neurologic disorders are at an increased risk for this complication. Recently, a modified posterior approach to the hip intended to enhance hip joint stability by preserving the short external rotators was described. Therefore, the dislocation rate was compared after bipolar hemiarthroplasty using the modified or standard minimally invasive posterior approach.A retrospective analysis was performed of 67 patients older than 65 years with displaced femoral neck fractures and neurological disorders who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty using the modified and standard approaches in 28 and 39 hips, respectively. Follow-up averaged 19.3 months. Dislocation rates for the treatment and control groups were 0% and 7.7%, respectively (P<.01). No significant difference existed in postoperative bleeding, operative time, or length of hospital stay between groups. These data suggest a lower dislocation rate after bipolar hemiarthroplasty via the modified, short external rotator-sparing approach for treating displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients with neurological disorders.     

The Influence of Dorr Type and Femoral Fixation on Outcomes Following Total Hip Arthroplasty for Acute Femoral Neck Fractures: A Multicenter Study

BackgroundThe American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons guidelines report moderate evidence for cementing femoral stems for hip fractures, mainly derived from hemiarthroplasty literature. This is the first large, nonregistry study examining the influence of femoral fixation, implant type, patient characteristics, and radiographic factors on outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) for acute femoral neck fractures.MethodsA multicenter retrospective study was performed of 709 THA cases (199 cemented, 510 cementless) for femoral neck fractures from 2006 to 2020 at three large academic institutions. Demographics, perioperative characteristics, and radiographs were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves were generated for multiple outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with P ≤ .05 denoting significance.ResultsCementless stems had a higher all-cause aseptic femoral revision rate (5.1 versus 0.5%, P = .002) and periprosthetic femoral fracture rate (4.3 versus 0%, P = .001). Each successive Dorr type had a higher fracture rate with cementless implants: 2.3%, 3.7%, and 15.9% in Dorr A, B, and C, respectively (P < .001). Logistic regression analyses confirmed that cementless stems (P = .02) and Dorr C bone (P = .001) are associated with periprosthetic fractures; collared implants and prophylactic cables did not protect against fractures. There was no difference in rates of dislocation, septic revision, or mortality between groups.ConclusionCementless stems during THA for femoral neck fractures have a higher aseptic femoral revision rate, specifically for periprosthetic fractures. Dorr C bone was particularly prone with an alarmingly high fracture rate. All fractures occurred in cementless cases, suggesting that cemented stems may minimize this complication.Level of EvidenceIII.     

Hospital and Surgeon Reimbursement Trends for Femoral Neck Fractures Treated With Hip Hemiarthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe economic impact of hip fractures on the health care system continues to rise with continued pressure to reduce unnecessary costs while maintaining quality patient care. This study aimed to analyze the trend in hospital charges and payments relative to surgeon charges and payments in a Medicare population for hip hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for femoral neck fracture.MethodsThe 5% Medicare sample database was used to capture hospital and surgeon charges and payments related to 32,340 patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty and 4323 patients who underwent THA for femoral neck fractures between 2005 and 2014. Two values were calculated: (1) charge multiplier (CM, ratio of hospital to surgeon charges), and (2) payment multiplier (PM, ratio of hospital to surgeon payments). Year-to-year variation and regional trends in patient demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), length of stay (LOS), 90-day and 1-year mortality, CM, and PM were evaluated.ResultsHospital charges were significantly higher than surgeon charges and increased substantially for hemiarthroplasty (CM of 13.6 to 19.3, P < .0001) and THA (CM of 9.8 to 14.9, P = .0006). PM followed a similar trend for both hemiarthroplasty (14.9 to 20.2; P = .001) and THA (11.9 to 17.4; P < .0001). LOS decreased significantly for hemiarthroplasty (3.78 to 3.37d; P < .0001) despite increasing CCI (6.36 to 8.39; P = .018), whereas both LOS (3.71 to 3.79 days; P = .421) and CCI (5.34 to 7.08; P = .055) remained unchanged for THA.ConclusionHospital charges and payments relative to surgeon charges and payments have increased substantially for hemiarthroplasty and THA performed for femoral neck fractures.     

肌少症对股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换术后早期功能的影响分析

目的 :探讨肌少症与股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换术后早期功能的关系。方法 :对2014年5月至2017年1月行初次髋关节置换术的股骨颈骨折181例患者进行回顾性分析,其中男58例,女123例;年龄53~92岁。术前观察患者的一般情况,测量四肢骨骼肌质量指数(appendicular skeletal muscle index,ASMI)及握力。术后随访临床预后包括术后并发症,下地时间,Harris评分(术后2周及3、6个月),住院费用,住院时间等指标。根据握力和ASMI,将患者并分为肌少症组与非肌少症组;根据随访6个月时的Harris评分分为预后佳与预后不佳两组。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析法探究肌少症是否是患者髋关节术后不佳的危险因素。结果:此研究共有181例完成随访,随访时间为第2周及3、6个月。结果显示,术后创口周围感染16例,下肢静脉血栓14例,无脱位、假体松动及假体周围感染。符合肌少症诊断患者82例(45%),与非肌少症组相比,肌少症组术后并发症发生率及住院费用更高,住院时间及下地时间更长,术后感染及血栓的发生率较高,早期关节功能评分相对较低具有统计学意义。随后进行多因素Logistic回归分析提示肌少症(P=0.008),半髋(P0.001),糖尿病(P=0.016),术后感染(P=0.018)是术后功能不佳的重要影响因素。结论:肌少症是股骨颈骨折术后早期预后不佳的重要危险因素,积极治疗肌少症可能是改善股骨颈骨折关节置换术后功能的重要措施。     

Hip hemiarthroplasty for femur neck fractures: minimally invasive direct anterior approach versus postero-lateral approach

Background

The minimally invasive direct anterior approach (MDAA) has been reported to be useful in total hip arthroplasty. The benefits of this approach may be useful for the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Aim of this study is to compare MDAA and postero-lateral approach (PLA) in patients treated with hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures.

Materials and methods

Between 2013 and 2014, 109 patients underwent bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture: 88 female and 21 male with a mean age of 88 years old. PLA was performed in 54 cases and MDAA in 55 cases.

Results

The mean surgery time was significantly lower in MDAA group (P = 0.001). The hemoglobin loss was significantly lower in MDAA group (P = 0.02). The mean postoperative pain was significantly lower in the MDAA group (P = 0.001). The mean hospitalization period was 2 days lower in the MDAA group but with no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.09). Hip dislocation was higher in PLA cases (7.4 %) than in MDAA cases (1.8 %). Periprosthetic fracture occurred only in one case of PLA. Great trochanter fracture occurred in 1 MDAA cases, while no cases were observed in the PLA group.

Conclusions

Minimally invasive direct anterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty in elderly people with femoral neck fracture provided significant benefit in the early postoperative period when compared to the postero-lateral approach in terms of surgery time, hemoglobin loss, postoperative pain, time of recovery and dislocation rate.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic study, level IV (case series).

     

Hidden blood loss after hip hemiarthroplasty using the superPATH approach: A retrospective study

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare perioperative hidden blood loss after hip hemiarthroplasty via the SuperPATH approach and the conventional posterior approach (the Moore approach).Patients and methodsFrom January 2015 to January 2017, 130 patients (80.7 ± 6.0 years) with displaced femoral neck fracture (Garden type III or IV) undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty were included in this study. As a non-randomisation study, Fifty-two patients (SuperPATH group) were operated using the SuperPATH approach, and 78 patients (Moore group) were operated with the conventional posterior approach (Moore approach). The demographic and relevant clinical information of the patients were collected. According to the combination formulas of Nadler, Gross and Sehat, the hidden blood loss (HBL) of each patient was calculated. Student's t-test for independent samples was used to compare the normally distributed variables and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare variables not following a normal distribution.ResultsThe visible blood loss (VBL) in the SuperPATH group was 123.7 ± 47.5 ml, the hidden blood loss (HBL) was 1084.1 ± 816.8 ml and the HBL% was 82.7 ± 16.5%. In the Moore group, the VBL was 303.6 ± 139.6 ml, the HBL was 700.2 ± 563.8 ml and the HBL% was 61.5 ± 23.8%. The patients in the SuperPATH group had more HBL and HBL% (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed of total blood loss (TBL) between the two groups (P = 0.125).ConclusionsHBL should not be ignored in patients who underwent hip hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures, as it is a significant portion of TBL. Compared with the conventional approach, the SuperPATH approach had a greater amount of HBL. A better understanding of HBL after hip hemiarthroplasty may help surgeons improve clinical assessment and ensure patient safety.     

Does Surgeon Fellowship Training Influence Outcomes in Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture?

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to compare the outcomes (90 days and 1 year) of patients with femoral neck fracture undergoing hemiarthroplasty by surgeons with different fellowship training: trauma, arthroplasty, and general orthopedics.MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture from 2010 to 2018. Comorbidities, perioperative details, demographics, injury variables, and time-to-surgery were compared between the fellowship training cohorts, in addition to outcomes including dislocation, periprosthetic joint infection, and mortality at 90 days and 1 year.ResultsA total of 298 hips with an average age of 77.8 years underwent hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture. Arthroplasty surgeons had a significantly shorter operative duration (82 minutes, P = .0014) and utilized the anterior approach more frequently (P < .0001). The general orthopedists had a significantly increased total surgical complication risk compared to both the arthroplasty and trauma fellowship-trained cohorts at both 90 days (11.8% vs 1.6% vs 3.9%, P = .015) and 1 year (18.2% vs 4.9% vs 7.1%, P = .008). The overall mortality risk was 11.7% at 90 days and 22.8% at 1 year. When adjusted for covariates, including comorbidities, gender, age, and preoperative walking capacity, both the arthroplasty fellowship-trained cohort (odds ratio 0.381, 95% confidence interval 0.159-0.912, P = .030) and the general orthopedist cohort (odds ratio 0.495; 95% confidence interval 0.258-0.952, P = .035) had reduced risk of 1-year mortality compared to the trauma fellowship-trained cohort.ConclusionHemiarthroplasty performed for femoral neck fractures may result in fewer complications when performed by arthroplasty fellowship-trained surgeons. An arthroplasty weekly on-call schedule and adjusted institutional protocols may be utilized to improve outcomes and reduce complications.Level of EvidenceLevel II, retrospective cohort.     

Comparison of femoral neck shortening and outcomes between in situ fixation and fixation after reduction for severe valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures

IntroductionSevere valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures are associated with femoral neck shortening (FNS). However, no study has focused on the effect of reduction for severe valgus impaction in terms of healing and restoration of the femoral neck length. This study aimed to compare FNS and treatment outcomes of in situ fixation and fixation after reduction for severe valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures in patients aged 65 years or younger.MethodsThis retrospective study included 55 patients who underwent internal fixation with three parallel screws for femoral neck fractures with valgus impaction >15° (AO/OTA classification 31-B1.1) between January 2006 and December 2018. Twenty-eight and 27 patients underwent in situ fixation (in situ group) and fixation after reduction (reduction group), respectively. In the reduction group, reduction using lateral traction with a Schanz pin was performed before internal fixation. Complications such as fixation failure, non-union, and avascular necrosis (AVN), caput-collum-diaphysis (CCD) angle, posterior tilt angle, amount of FNS, and Harris Hip Score (HHS) were compared between the groups.ResultsBone union was achieved in all patients; AVN occurred in two patients in each group. No significant difference was seen in the preoperative characteristics between the groups. The CCD angle at 1 year postoperatively was significantly different between the groups, whereas the posterior tilt angle at 1 year postoperatively was not different. FNS at 1 year postoperatively was significantly lower in the reduction group than in the in situ group. FNS by >5 mm was significantly less frequent in the reduction group than in the in situ group (11% versus 75%). The mean HHS at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively was significantly higher in the reduction group than in the in situ group. FNS and HHS were negatively correlated; the mean HHS was significantly higher in patients with none/mild shortening (<5 mm) than in those with moderate/severe shortening (≥5 mm).ConclusionIn patients aged 65 years or younger, internal fixation after reduction for severe valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures is safe and effective for achieving successful bone union and restoring the femoral neck length.     

Thompson Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture Is Associated With Increased Risk of Dislocation

BackgroundThis contemporaneous large multicenter retrospective study reflective of current practice, assesses the impact of patient factors, prosthesis selection, and implant features on the risk of dislocation after hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture.MethodsRadiographic records for 4116 consecutive patients who underwent a hip hemiarthroplasty between January 1, 2009 and September 30, 2017 at 3 acute hospitals (including a regional major trauma center) for a neck of femur fracture were reviewed in conjunction with United Kingdom National Hip Fracture Database records.ResultsIn total, 4116 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study; 63 of 4116 (1.5%) dislocations were identified. Patient age, gender, preoperative abbreviated mental test score, postoperative abbreviated mental test score, and American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade were not found to be significant predictors of dislocation rates (P < .05). The Furlong prosthesis was the most commonly used implant (2280/4116, 55.4%) followed by the Exeter V40 + Unitrax head (1179/4116, 28.6%), other implants used during the study period were the monoblock Austin-Moore and Thompson implants. Hemiarthroplasty operations undertaken with the Thompson (24/273, 3.7%) were found to have significantly higher dislocation rates (P < .05). Cemented vs uncemented, variable vs fixed offset, and monoblock vs modular implant designs did not contribute to higher dislocation rates (P < .05). Surgeon seniority was also not a significant risk factor for subsequent dislocation (P < .05).ConclusionsThompson hip hemiarthroplasties are associated with higher dislocation rates when compared to a contemporaneous cohort of implant choices and considerations for their use should be made in conjunction with this major risk factor for the need for subsequent operations.     

Proximal femoral nail antirotation versus hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of senile intertrochanteric fractures: Case report

BackgroundPrimary hemiarthroplasty was recommended by some surgeons as the preferred choice in treating unstable senile intertrochanteric fractures with osteoporosis. However, many studies reported that proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) currently was as an optimal implant for the treatment of different type of intertrochanteric fractures. Which method is better for treating senile intertrochanteric fractures remains controversial due to the insufficient clinical evidences.MethodsWe reviewed all consecutive senile intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA or cemented hemiarthroplasty at our institution between July 2010 and March 2015. The primary outcome measures were postoperative complications, reoperation rate and hip function. The secondary outcome measures were intraoperative blood loss, transfusion rate, surgical time, postoperative hemoglobin, hospital stay and 1- year mortality.ResultsSeventy-one patients in PFNA group and 52 patients in hemiarthroplasty group were included for analysis. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding to the orthopaedic complications, reoperation rate, surgical time and Harris Hip Score at 1 year follow-up. Significant differences were found between PFNA and hemiarthroplasty group in comparison of intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.001), transfusion rate, medical complications (P = 0.037) and hospital stay (P = 0.001). Patients treated with hemiarthroplasty had a trend of higher postoperative 1- year mortality compared to those underwent PFNA but this was statistically not significant (P = 0.134).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that PFNA has obvious advantages over hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of senile intertrochanteric fractures. Hemiarthroplasty in treating these fractures is associated with greater surgical trauma and higher incidence of postoperative medical complications.     

Dual mobility cup reduces dislocation rate after arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture

Background  

Hip dislocation after arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures remains a serious complication. The aim of our study was to investigate the dislocation rate in acute femoral neck fracture patients operated with a posterior approach with cemented conventional or dual articulation acetabular components.     

A meta-analysis of total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty outcomes for displaced femoral neck fractures

Background

Total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty are used to treat displaced femoral neck fractures. However, the optimal treatment of these fractures remained controversial.

Objective

To assess the effects that compare total hip arthroplasty with hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE (January 1980 to 2010), EMBASE (January 1980 to 2010), and the Cochrane Library 2010; issue 1. Only prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare total hip arthroplasty with hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fracture in the elderly were included. The analysis was performed with software RevMan5.0 from the Cochrane Collaboration.

Results

We identified seven relevant randomized controlled trials with a total of 828 participants. The meta-analysis showed relative risk of re-operation was 0.40 (95% CI?=?0.24–0.67, P?=?0.0004), the dislocation was 2.02 (95% CI?=?1.26–3.25, P?=?0.002), the mobility as functional outcome was 1.70 (95% CI?=?1.21–2.38, P?=?0.002). It was reported that the average operating room times and blood loss volumes in total hip arthroplasty were more than in hemiarthroplasty (P?Conclusions Total hip arthroplasty is associated with better functional outcome and lower reoperation rate than hemiarthroplasty in treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly patients.     

直接上方入路与后外侧入路在高龄股骨颈骨折半髋置换术中的早期疗效比较

目的:对比分析直接上方入路(direct superior approach,DSA)与后外侧入路(posterior lateral approach,PLA)在高龄股骨颈骨折半髋置换术中的早期临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至 2021 年12月收治的72例接受半髋置换手术老年股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,其中36例采用微创DSA入路,男10例,女26例,年龄(82.82±4.05)岁;36例采用传统PLA入路,男14例,女22例,年龄(82.79±3.21)岁。比较两组患者围手术期相关指标、不同时间点Harris评分。结果:DSA组手术时间(79.41±17.39) min,比PLA组(98.45±26.58) min更短;切口长度(8.33±2.69) cm,比PLA组(11.18±1.33) cm短;术中失血量(138.46±71.58) ml,比PLA组(173.51±87.17) ml更少;初次下地时间(3.04±0.95) d,比PLA组(4.52±1.10) d更早;住院时长(8.70±1.89) d,比PLA组(10.67±2.35) d短(P<0.05)。两组术前Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1个月DSA组Harris功能和总分高于PLA组(P<0.05),而术后12个月两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在半髋置换手术中,DSA入路较PLA入路在手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、初次下地时间、住院时长以及术后1个月的Harris评分等临床指标更优,在促进高龄股骨颈骨折患者术后早期康复上具有明显优势。     

Clinical results of short external rotators preserving posterolateral approach for hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fractures in elderly patients

IntroductionEven though the dislocation rate is lower in the hemiarthroplasty (HA) than total hip arthroplasty, it has still developed as one of serious complications in elderly patients. We have used short external rotators (SER) preserving posterolateral approach to reduce dislocation after hip arthroplasty, especially in elderly patients. The present study was conducted to introduce SER preserving posterolateral approach and report the dislocation rate after HA via this approach in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures.MethodsBetween January 2015 and July 2019, 307 consecutive elderly patients aged over 70 years who underwent cementless bipolar HA for femoral neck fractures and were followed up for at least one year, were enrolled in this study. All surgeries were performed using the SER preserving posterolateral approach. The demographic and perioperative data were examined and the complications including dislocation were investigated.ResultsMean operation time was 54.3 min, and mean estimated blood loss was 252.4 cc. The mean follow-up time was 22.1 months, HHS was 67.5 points at the final examination Dislocation following HA developed in only one patient (0.3%) with dementia during hospital stay, which was reduced closely with no subsequent recurrence. Periprosthetic femoral fracture occurred in two patients, which was treated with internal fixation in one patient and with stem revision in the other patient. There was no surgical site infection or periprosthetic infection as complications.ConclusionThe SER preserving technique in posterolateral approach effectively can be effective for reducing the dislocation after HA in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. It can be encouraged in posterolateral approach for HA, especially in elderly patients under the risk of dislocation.     

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Adult Patients With Sequelae From Childhood Hip Infection: A Medium-Term Follow-Up Study

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate midterm clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) with cementless implants for adult patients with sequelae from childhood hip infection.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2016, 165 patients (165 hips) who had a hip infection during childhood were treated with THAs with cementless implants. The average duration of follow-up was 93.5 months (range 26-206). Clinical results were evaluated via the Harris Hip Score and radiographic results were analyzed with postoperative serial X-rays.ResultsThe average Harris Hip Score increased from 27 (range 8-53) before surgery to 91 (range 45-100) at the latest follow-up examination (P < .001). At the latest follow-up evaluation, 9 cementless acetabular components demonstrated partial, nonprogressive radiolucencies. No subsidence of more than 2 mm or evidence of a radiolucent line was observed around the femoral components. Intraoperative periprosthetic fractures occurred in 11 hips, including 3 acetabular fractures, 2 fractures of greater trochanter, 1 femoral shaft fracture, and 5 fractures of femoral calcar. Postoperative complications included 3 cases of periprosthetic infection, 1 episode of dislocation, 1 case of a femoral periprosthetic fracture, 5 cases of sciatic nerve injury, 1 case of femoral nerve injury, and 1 case of squeaking from a ceramic bearing surface.ConclusionCementless THA for adult patients with sequelae from childhood hip infection presents significant technical challenges and a relatively high complication rate. With meticulous surgical planning and anticipation for the key technical challenges frequently encountered, the medium-term clinical and radiographic results of THA in this setting were good with high implant survivorship and patient satisfaction.     

Revision rates and cumulative financial burden in patients treated with hemiarthroplasty compared to cannulated screws after femoral neck fractures

Introduction

This study compares re-operation rates and financial burden following the treatment of femoral neck fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty compared to non-displaced femoral neck fractures treated with cannulated screws.

Methods

Data was retrospectively analyzed from a prospective database at a university hospital setting on patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fractures and those with non-displaced femoral neck fractures treated with cannulated screws over a 7-year period. Re-operation rates were determined and financial data was analyzed. Charges refer to amounts billed by the hospital to insurance carriers, while costs refer to financial burden carried by the hospital during treatment.

Results

There were 491 femoral neck fractures (475 patients) that underwent hemiarthroplasty (HA) and 120 non-displaced fractures (119 patients) treated with cannulated screw (CannS) fixation. Both groups had similar age, sex, Charlson co-morbidity scores, pre-operative Parker mobility scores, and 12-month mortality. There were 29 (5.9 %) reoperations in the HA group and 16 (13.3 %) in the CannS group (P = 0.007). The majority of re-operations occurred within 12 months for both groups [21/29 (72 %) HA group; 15/16 (94 %) CannS group; P = 0.13]. Average hospital charges per patient for the index procedure were higher in the HA group ($17,880 ± 745) compared to the CannS group ($14,104 ± 5,047; P < 0.001). After accounting for additional procedures related to their initial surgical fixation, average hospital charges and costs remained higher in the HA group.

Conclusion

Patients treated with hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures have lower re-operation rates than patients treated with cannulated screws for non-displaced femoral neck fractures, with 80 % of re-operations occurring in the first 12 months. Hospital charges and costs to the hospital for treating patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty were higher than patients treated with cannulated screws for the index procedure alone, and after accounting for re-operations.     

Mortality and Revision Surgery Are Increased in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease and Fractures of the Femoral Neck

Background

Patients with Parkinson’s disease are at increased risk for falls and associated hip fractures as a result of tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The available literature is limited and conflicting regarding the optimal surgical treatment and risk for postoperative complications and mortality in this unique patient population.

Questions/purposes

We asked: (1) Is there a difference in mortality after surgical treatment of hip fractures in patients with Parkinson’s disease compared with similar patients with hip fractures without Parkinson’s disease? (2) Does Parkinson’s disease lead to a higher rate of reoperation after operative treatment of femoral neck fractures? (3) Does Parkinson’s disease lead to a higher rate of dislocation after hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures, and (4) does the operative approach affect dislocation rates?

Methods

In this case-controlled study, we retrospectively reviewed 141 patients with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and a fracture of the femoral neck. Each patient with Parkinson’s disease was matched with two control patients (n = 282) without Parkinson’s disease stratified by age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, and fracture type (nondisplaced/displaced). Clinical outcomes included mortality after surgical intervention, rate of reoperation, dislocation events after hemiarthroplasty, and the rate of failure after internal fixation for nondisplaced fractures.

Results

The median survival time of the patients with Parkinson’s disease after fracture was 31 months (95% CI, 25–37 months) compared with 45 months (95% CI, 39–50 months) in our control group (p = 0.007). The rate of reoperation for displaced and nondisplaced fractures was higher in the Parkinson’s disease group compared with the control group (11% versus 4%; p = 0.005). Failure of fixation for patients treated with internal fixation of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures was significantly higher in the Parkinson’s disease group compared with our control group (22% versus 5%; p = 0.01). Dislocation rates after hemiarthroplasty were significantly higher in the Parkinson’s disease group compared with the control group (8% versus 1%; p = 0.003). Patients treated with a hemiarthroplasty through an anterolateral approach had a significantly lower dislocation rate compared with those treated with a posterior approach (2% versus 15%; p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Parkinson’s disease is an independent predictor of mortality after femoral neck fracture and is associated with an increased rate of dislocation, revision surgery, and failure of internal fixation. Although patients with Parkinson’s disease with a nondisplaced or valgus impacted femoral neck fracture may be treated with internal fixation, they are at significantly higher risk of failure of fixation compared with patients without Parkinson’s disease. Use of a hemiarthroplasty through an anterolateral approach may reduce the likelihood of requiring a revision operation.

Level of Evidence

Level III, therapeutic study.     

Hip hemiarthroplasty for senile femoral neck fractures: Minimally invasive SuperPath approach versus traditional posterior approach

BackgroundThe supercapsular percutaneously-assisted total hip (SuperPATH®) approach was created by combining the percutaneous preparation of the acetabulum using the percutaneously-assisted total hip (PATH), femoral reaming, and broaching of superior capsulotomy (SuperCap) approach. This technique reported a low complication rate, excellent gait kinematics, low transfusion rate, a shorter length of hospital stay, and a high proportion of discharge from the hospital. As minimally invasive SuperPath approach is designed for both trauma and end-stage degenerative joint disease, we investigated if this technique and standard surgical tools can replace artificial femoral head in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. We also tested if it has advantages over the traditional posterior approach.MethodsA prospective study was performed in 100 cases of eligible femoral neck fractures from May 01, 2015 to October 31, 2016. They were randomly divided into SuperPath and traditional group. The outcomes were evaluated using preoperative index, intraoperative data, and postoperative function data.ResultsNo significant difference was detected in the operation time between the two groups. Compared with the traditional group, SuperPath group had smaller incision length, less intraoperative bleeding, lower transfusion rate, and a shorter starting time of weight-bearing activity. Harris Hip Score, Barthel Index, and VAS for pain-level scores in the SuperPath group at 1-week follow-up intervals were significantly lower than the conventional group, but not significantly different at 3-month and 2-year follow-up post-operation.ConclusionsSuperPath approach for artificial femoral head replacement can reduce surgical injury due to smaller size of incision and accelerate weight-bearing activities post-operation to treat senile femoral neck fractures compared with traditional posterior approach surgeries.     

Is there a higher risk of dislocation of hip hemiarthroplasty in patients with neuromuscular conditions? A clinical study of 3827 patients

Aim of the studyThe aim of this study is to identify if there is any association between neuromuscular disorders and prosthetic dislocation in patients treated with hip hemiarthroplasty for neck of femur fractures.Patients and methodsOur study is a retrospective analysis of data collected over 34 years for patients with intracapsular neck of femur fracture who underwent hip hemiarthroplasty. Pathological fractures and patients treated with other treatment modalities were excluded. The study population is composed of four groups; patients with no neuromuscular disorders, patients with Parkinson's disease, patients with previous stroke, and patients with mental impairment.ResultsA total of 3827 patients were treated with hip hemiarthroplasty. For the 3371 patients with no neuromuscular condition (Group I) the dislocation rate was 1.1%. 219 patients had Parkinsonism (Group II) with a dislocation rate of 3.2%, 104 patients had a previous stroke with weakness on the fracture side with a dislocation rate of 1.0% (Group III), and 984 patients had severe mental impairment with a dislocation rate of 1.8% (Group IV). The increased dislocation rate for those with Parkinson's disease was statistically significant (p = 0.02) while none of the other neuromuscular conditions were statistically significant.ConclusionOur study demonstrates an increased risk of dislocation after hemiarthroplasty for patients with Parkinson's disease in comparison to other groups. No increase was apparent for those with mental impairment or weakness from a previous stroke.