豚鼠耳蜗微血管内皮细胞体外通透性的研究

目的　研究豚鼠耳蜗微血管内皮细胞的体外通透性特征。方法　在成功建立豚鼠耳蜗微血管内皮细胞体外通透性模型的基础上 ,研究该体外模型跨细胞电阻及对12 5I 牛血清白蛋白的通透性。结果　①耳蜗微血管内皮细胞在培养增殖过程中其跨细胞电阻呈动态变化过程 ,以 5× 10 4/cm2 的细胞密度接种时 ,7d左右电阻到达峰值 ,其跨细胞电阻峰值大小为 (118 9± 18 5 )Ω/cm2 ;②体外模型中加入12 5I 牛血清白蛋白后 ,其通透性呈上升期抛物线型曲线 ,90min内几乎呈直线。结论　跨细胞电阻及对12 5I 牛血清白蛋白变化曲线能反映体外耳蜗微血管内皮细胞的通透性特征     

豚鼠内耳微血管内皮细胞的跨细胞电阻

目的　研究豚鼠内耳微血管内皮细胞跨细胞电阻的动态变化及峰值大小。方法　①胶原酶消化法分离培养豚鼠内耳及脑微血管内皮细胞 ,免疫组化法进行鉴定 ;②建立起内皮细胞通透性的体外模型 ,研究该模型下内耳内皮细胞的跨细胞电阻 ,并与脑及肺内皮细胞进行比较。结果　①培养细胞致密融合时具有内皮细胞培养时典型的“铺路石样”外观 ,与肺内皮细胞株的形态一致 ,经免疫组化检测其内皮细胞标志性抗原Ⅷ因子 ,95 %以上的培养细胞的胞浆中呈棕黄色阳性反应 ;②三种内皮细胞在培养增殖过程中其跨细胞电阻值呈动态变化过程 ,以 5× 10 4 cm2 的细胞密度接种时 ,7d左右电阻到达峰值 ,内耳、脑及肺三种内皮细胞的跨细胞电阻峰值大小分别为 (118 9± 18 5 )Ω cm2 ,(2 44 7± 46 9)Ω cm2 ,(4 6 6± 5 9)Ω cm( n =6) ,三者相差非常显著 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　内耳微血管内皮细胞跨细胞电阻峰值小于脑内皮而大于肺内皮细胞 ,证明了三者通透性的差别。     

豚鼠血迷路屏障通透性的体外模型

目的 研究豚鼠血迷路屏障通透性体外模型的建立方法及其通透性特征。方法 （1）用组织块贴壁培养法分离培养豚鼠耳蜗微血管内皮细胞，免疫组化法进行鉴定；（2）用小池技术建立起内皮细胞通透性的体外模型，并研究该模型中耳蜗、脑及肺3种内皮细胞对^125I-牛血清白蛋白的通透性；（3）研究豚鼠血迷路屏障对^125I-牛血清白蛋白的通透性。（3）研究豚鼠血迷路屏障对^125I-牛血清白蛋白的通透性。结果 （1）培养细胞致密融合对具有内皮细胞培养时典型的“铺路石样”外观，经免疫组化检测其内皮细胞标志性抗原Ⅷ因子，95％以上的培养细胞的胞质中呈棕黄色阳性反应；（2）耳蜗、脑及肺3种内皮细胞的体外模型中加入^125I-牛血清白蛋白后，贝克－时间变化图均呈抛物线型上升曲线，90min内几乎呈直线；（3）豚鼠血迷路屏障对^125I－牛血清白蛋白的通透性曲线与体外模型相似。结论 血迷路屏障的体外模型能大体反映在体时的通透性特征。     

体外血脑屏障模型的建立与鉴定

目的应用原代分离培养BALB／c小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞（brain microvascular endothelial cells，BMVEC）建立体外血脑屏障模型，探讨跨血脑屏障（blood brain barrier，BBB）电阻与屏障渗透功能的动态关系以及最佳构建条件。方法用酶消化、机械分离结合密度离心的方法得到原代BALB／c小鼠脑血管内皮细胞，通过培养在具有特殊质材和孔径的Transwell小室上建立BBB体外实验模型，采用倒置显微镜、电镜观察细胞形态结构和生长规律，紧密连接ZO-1蛋白免疫组化检测，比较血脑屏障形成前后膜两侧电阻动态变化与1H葡萄糖通透性的关系等方法，探讨血脑屏障模型的建立及生长特性。结果BMVEC培养至汇合后具有典型的“铺路石”样外观；扫描电镜显示细胞形成致密单层，透射电镜、ZO-1蛋白免疫组化证实细胞问形成光滑、连续、高密度的紧密连接；1H葡萄糖的通透量与实时电阻呈负相关，内皮细胞电阻随着通透性的增加而降低，通透率最低时跨细胞电阻为（346&#177;10）Ω／cm2。结论建立的BBB体外模型在形态学、电阻和通透性方面具备了BBB的基本特性。     

豚鼠微血管通透性变化在内耳缺血性损伤中的作用

目的　研究豚鼠耳蜗微循环障碍动物模型的耳蜗微血管通透性变化特点 ,了解耳蜗微血管通透性变化在内耳缺血性损伤中的可能作用。方法　①光化学法建立豚鼠耳蜗微循障碍动物模型 ;②改良伊文思蓝荧光法定量研究其耳蜗微血管通透性变化特点 ;③记录CAPN1阈值研究其听力损伤。结果　豚鼠耳蜗发生微循环障碍后 2h和 4h ,伊文思蓝通过耳蜗微血管的渗出量分别为 ( 1 .70 9± 0 .76 9) μg/只和 ( 2 .849± 0 .6 5 3) μg/只 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;CAPN1阈值分别增加 ( 2 4.44± 7.2 7)dBpeSPL和 ( 38.33± 7.91 )dBpe SPL(P <0 .0 1 )。结论　豚鼠耳蜗发生微循环障碍后其耳蜗微血管通透性明显增高并随时间的延长而加重 ,可能是微循环障碍致内耳听力损伤的重要机制之一     

大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的原代培养

目的 建立稳定的大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞(brain microvascular endothelial cells, BMECs)体外培养模型,并对其生物学特性进行初步研究.方法 取Sprague-Dawley大鼠脑组织,通过匀浆、酶消化和梯度离心获得纯化的脑微血管段后,接种于涂布明胶的培养瓶进行原代培养;培养的细胞采用相差显微镜形态学观察、Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫细胞化学鉴定;采用跨内皮电阻(transendothelial electrical resistance, TEER)检测单层细胞通透性;Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)方法测定细胞生长曲线.结果 细胞从贴壁的脑微血管段周围长出,呈短梭形和多角形,区域性单层生长,5～7 d细胞融合,经Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫细胞化学检测证实培养的细胞是血管内皮细胞,原代培养的脑微血管内皮细胞表现出很强的屏障特性,随着传代次数的增加脑微血管内皮细胞的跨内皮阻抗减弱.结论 提示该方法能成功进行纯度较高的大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞原代培养,原代培养的脑微血管内皮细胞是研究脑部微血管和血脑屏障的可靠技术手段.     

前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞屏障功能研究

目的 分离培养大鼠前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞,体外研究大鼠前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞的屏障功能.方法 采用细胞生长特性选择法分离培养大鼠前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞,用第Ⅷ因子相关抗原抗体对分离培养的前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞进行免疫学鉴定.免疫组化观察毛细血管内皮细胞之间紧密连接蛋白claudin-1的表达,采用跨膜电阻测量仪检测毛细血管内皮细胞的跨膜电阻,用酚红渗漏实验检测其通透性,以大鼠肺毛细血管内皮细胞、脑毛细血管内皮细胞作为阴性与阳性对照.结果 成功分离大鼠前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞,体外培养可以形成紧密的单层细胞结构,呈铺路石样生长.第Ⅷ因子相关抗原抗体的免疫荧光结果显示:分离培养的大鼠前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞胞浆表达绿色荧光,提示分离的细胞为毛细血管内皮细胞;免疫组化结果显示紧密连接蛋白claudin-1在相邻的毛细血管内皮细胞之间表达;体外培养的大鼠前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞,阴性对照组肺毛细血管内皮细胞,阳性对照组脑毛细血管内皮细胞的跨膜电阻峰值分别可以达到(142.2 ±3.1)、(43.3±3.5)、(248.2±6.2)Ω/cm2,并稳定保持2～3d,三者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).酚红渗漏实验结果显示前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞、阳性对照组脑毛细血管内皮细胞随着细胞单层跨膜电阻的增加,基底侧的酚红浓度减低,阴性对照组肺毛细血管内皮细胞酚红渗透量随跨膜电阻的改变变化趋势不明显.结论 大鼠前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞与脑毛细血管内皮细胞等屏障内皮相比拥有相似的结构功能,体外培养的大鼠前列腺毛细血管内皮细胞具有屏障特性,可以作为血前列腺屏障研究的体外模型.     

大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞与星形胶质细胞共培养血脑屏障体外模型的建立

[目的]建立大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞与星形胶质细胞共培养血脑屏障体外模型。[方法]采用原代培养脑微血管内皮细胞与星形胶质细胞共培养方法建立血脑屏障体外模型。[结果]星形胶质细胞与脑微血管内皮细胞共培养可提高血脑屏障特异性酶——γ-谷胺酰胺转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶的表达,提高脑微血管内皮细胞跨细胞间电阻。[结论]成功建立脑微血管内皮细胞与星形胶质细胞共培养血脑屏障体外模型,而且较单层内皮细胞模型更接近在体状态。     

不同剪切力对豚鼠微血管内皮细胞形态学的影响

目的 观察不同剪切力对体外培养的豚鼠耳蜗、脑微血管内皮细胞的影响.方法 用自制的流体力学装置在不同时相点、以不同剪切力对豚鼠脑、耳蜗微血管内皮细胞进行力学作用,获得形态学图像并进行形状参数Pyx的测定分析.结果 通过胶原酶消化法可获得单层培养的豚鼠耳蜗、脑微血管内皮细胞.对于耳蜗微血管内皮细胞,剪切力为0.883 dyn/cm2时作用24 h未发生细胞形态改变;当剪切力增加到1.184 dyn/cm2时,作用8 h后细胞形态即开始出现顺流体方向的顺应性变化,随时间延长,变化趋势更明显.而脑微血管内皮细胞在剪切力0.267 dyn/cm2时作用24 h未发生细胞形态改变;当剪切力增加到1.069 dyn/cm2时,作用4 h后细胞形态即开始出现顺流体方向的顺应性变化.结论 耳蜗、脑微血管内皮细胞在受到剪切力作用后其形态学不同于静态培养的内皮细胞.     

无血清培养对小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞凋亡的影响及其机制

目的　研究无血清培养诱导小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞凋亡及其可能机制。方法　培养用小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞系bEnd .3。用流式细胞术检测凋亡细胞的百分比;用免疫细胞化学法检测Bax及Bcl- 2蛋白表达;用WesternBlot检测caspase 3蛋白表达。结果　bEnd .3细胞经无血清饥饿体外培养12 ,2 4 ,36h后细胞凋亡率明显增加,分别为(13.79±0 .99) % ,(17.80±1.39) % ,(2 0 .5 1±0 .5 5 ) % ,与各自正常血清培养的对照组凋亡率相比,P <0 .0 1。Bax表达明显增强,Bcl -2表达明显减弱,caspase 3明显增强。结论　无血清饥饿培养可诱导bEnd .3细胞发生凋亡,其发生机制与Bax/Bcl 2的变化及caspase 3的激活有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.