Knowledge of AIDS and HIV transmission among drug users in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Background  

Proper knowledge of HIV transmission is not enough for people to adopt protective behaviors, but deficits in this information may increase HIV/AIDS vulnerability.     

Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with cough attending outpatient departments in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: does duration of cough matter?

Background  

Delay in Tuberculosis (TB) case detection may worsen the disease and increase TB transmission. It is also a challenge to the National TB and Leprosy control Program (NTLP).     

Optimal preferred MSG concentration in potatoes, spinach and beef and their effect on intake in institutionalized elderly people

Background  

Elderly people may benefit from sensory stimulation to increase food intake since anorexia of ageing is prevalent among them. An optimal MSG concentration may increase the palatability of foods but this depends on the food and chemosensory status of the taster. Currently, the results on taste enhancing to increase intake are inconsistent.     

Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome among rural original adults in NingXia,China

Background  

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is combination of medical disorders that increase people's risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Little data exists on the prevalence of MS of rural original adults in Ningxia of China.     

Formative research on the feasibility of hygiene interventions for influenza control in UK primary schools

Background  

Interventions to increase hand washing in schools have been advocated as a means to reduce the transmission of pandemic influenza and other infections. However, the feasibility and acceptability of effective school-based hygiene interventions is not clear.     

Explaining the de-prioritization of primary prevention: Physicians' perceptions of their role in the delivery of primary care

Background  

While physicians are key to primary preventive care, their delivery rate is sub-optimal. Assessment of physician beliefs is integral to understanding current behavior and the conceptualization of strategies to increase delivery.     

Metabolic syndrome in a Taiwanese metropolitan adult population

Background  

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of medical disorders that increase one's risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Little information exists on the prevalence of MS in a general adult population in Taiwan.     

Risk of malnutrition among Brazilian institutionalized elderly: A study with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire

Background  

Brazilian population has passed for a process of demographic transition throughout latest years, characterized for the increase of the elderly population. Malnutrition is a serious problem to frail elderly.     

Age-specific symptom prevalence in women 35–64 years old: A population-based study

Background  

Symptom prevalence is generally believed to increase with age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the age specific prevalence of 30 general symptoms among Swedish middle-aged women.     

Myofeedback training and intensive muscular strength training to decrease pain and improve work ability among female workers on long-term sick leave with neck pain: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract  

The theoretical framework is that muscle tension in the neck is related to insufficient muscular rest and is a risk factor for chronic pain and reduced work ability. Promoting muscle strength and muscle rest may increase work ability and reduce neck pain.     

The distribution and co-occurrence of physical and psychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in a general working population

Background  

There is growing evidence that physical and psychosocial exposures at work increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution and co-occurrence of these risk factors in the working population.     

Activities contributing to energy expenditure among Guatemalan adults

Background  

Guatemala has experienced a substantial increase in overweight and obesity in recent years, yet physical activity patterns and consequent energy expenditure are largely unexplored in this population.     

Temperature related mortality and ambulance service interventions during the heat waves of 2003 in Ticino (Switzerland)

Objectives  

This study investigates a potential increase in mortality and in the demand for ambulance emergency services among the elderly in particular, in Ticino in the summer of 2003.     

The perception of healthcare quality of elderly in the city of Bari,South Italy

Background  

In recent decades in Italy, as in all the industrialized nations, the proportion of elderly subjects in the total population is constantly on the increase. However the increased life expectancy is not always paralleled by a true improvement in the quality of life.     

Risk factors for posttraumatic stress reactions among chinese students following exposure to a snowstorm disaster

Background  

It is important to understand which factors increase the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents. Previous studies have shown that the most important risk factors for PTSD include the type, severity, and duration of exposure to the traumatic events.     

Predictors of failed attendances in a multi-specialty outpatient centre using electronic databases

Background  

Failure to keep outpatient medical appointments results in inefficiencies and costs. The objective of this study is to show the factors in an existing electronic database that affect failed appointments and to develop a predictive probability model to increase the effectiveness of interventions.     

A school-based universal programme to prevent depression and to build up life skills

Aim  

To prevent the development and increase of depressive symptoms in adolescents by empowering adolescents to improve their life skills, to foster their realistic thinking, and to influence school behaviour.     

Decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin resistance were the most common criteria in 12- to 19-year-old adolescents

Background  

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a group of metabolic risk factors leading to an increase in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. It is known that the pathologic processes such as hyperinsulinemia and atherogenic risk profile associated with the development of MetS begin during childhood and adolescence.     

Fasting ghrelin is related to skeletal muscle mass in healthy adults

Background/Objectives  

The determinants of plasma ghrelin concentrations including the effects of aging, gender, and body composition, are unclear. Appetite and energy intake decrease with advancing age, and there is a corresponding decline in total body lean tissue, and an increase in fat mass.     

Infection status and risk factors of HIV,HBV, HCV,and syphilis among drug users in Guangdong,China - a cross-sectional study

Background  

China has witnessed a remarkable increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. The study is to assess the prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis and related risk factors among drug users in mandatory detoxification center Qingyuan, Guangdong, China.