职业暴露甲萘威对女性生殖内分泌的影响

分别选择某农药厂甲萘威生产女工67名为暴露组、厂行政办公区女性工作人员47名为对照组。对环境空气中甲萘威及其相关气体如异氰酸甲酯(MIC)、氨气及总酚进行持续3d的监测,同时选择暴露区及对照区各3人进行个体采样和皮肤污染量测定;运用回顾性队列研究的方法对其月经和妊娠结局进行评价。测定其血清中的卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P)、催乳素(PRL)和雌二醇(E2)水平。结果显示暴露组空气中甲萘威、总酚浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.01),个体采样及皮肤污染量结果均显示暴露组甲萘威浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01);暴露组自然流产发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。提示甲萘威农药生产职业暴露可能对女工的妊娠结局有一定的影响。     

氟接触工人神经行为功能的研究

目的 探讨氟接触工人神经行为功能的改变及其接触水平-效应关系。方法 采用WHO推荐的神经行为功能测试组合（NCTB）对某铝厂65名电解工人和52名对照工人进行测试分析,同时测定其血清氟、尿氟浓度。结果 血清氟,尿氟浓度接触组明显高于对照组。除视觉保留外,氟接触工人的各贡测试标准分均低于对照组,除视觉保留,数字译码外,血清氟浓度与NCTB各项测试间均存在明显负相关。结论 职业性氟接触可影响工人正常的神经行为功能,血清氟浓度与神经行为功能间可能存在一定接触水平-效应关系。NCTB测试可考虑作为氟接触工人健康监护的早期敏感指标。     

男性流动人口主动参与生殖健康活动状况分析

目的:通过对育龄男性流动人群有关生殖健康问题的调查和访谈,了解其参与的主动性。方法:采取多阶随机抽样的方法,对台州市5个县、市、区共计2432名浙江省外来育龄男性人群进行调查和访谈。结果:浙江省台州市男性流动人群的文化程度总体较低,以小学和初中为主(72.3%).他们对生殖健康知识的了解较少,对计划生育/生殖健康服务的可得性明显不足,接受过避孕宣传的占29.1%,参与生殖健康活动主动性差,79.7%缺乏当地社会认同感和归属感。结论:加大对男性流动人群的生殖健康宣传教育力度,提高其生殖健康意识,促进其更多参与计划生育,有利于提升整体人群生殖健康水平。     

无锡市成年男性生育健康状况和生育保健服务需求

目的了解无锡市成年男性的生育健康现状和生育保健服务需求。方法以无锡市市区20岁以上的成年男性为调查对象,分层抽取1 200人进行问卷调查。结果1 133名完成问卷的成年男性中,17．2％在过去一年中患有一种或多种生殖系统疾病;总的患病率随着年龄增加而增加;不同年龄男性常见的问题不同;62．7％的成年男性希望了解更多的生育保健知识。62．2％的成年男性认为有必要进行生育健康教育;大多数男性认为宜在婚前教育和初中阶段开展生育健康教育;不同年龄男性对生育保健服务的内容、方式和时间的需求不同,但对服务人员的需求基本相同。结论无锡市成年男性中存在一定的生育健康问题,对生育保健服务有着强烈的需求,不同年龄男性的需求有所不同。因此,应针对不同年龄男性的需求开展生育健康教育和生育保健服务。     

双酚A对男性职业接触工人生殖功能的影响

目的对具有较高双酚A（BPA）外暴露剂量的职业接触人群调查分析,试图阐明男性工人内外暴露的特征以及对生殖功能健康的效应。方法使用专门调查表对每个研究对象进行调查。同时进行体检和实验室检查,并按临床医学检验操作规程采集精液进行分析。结果接触组与对照组在快速向前运动、慢速向前运动、精子密度、精子存活率这4项参数方面的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而2组的正常形态精子率的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。接触组尿蛋白阳性检出率为4．67％,对照组尿蛋白阳性检出率为1．27％。经检验,接触组尿蛋白阳性明显高于对照组（X^2=6．130,P〈0．05）。结论BPA暴露可能影响精子形态,并可能对男性职工肾功能有影响。     

Occupational ethylene oxide exposure and reproduction

Summary Animal and epidemiological studies on the reproductive toxic effects of ethylene oxide (ETO) were considered in relation to occupational exposure levels (OELs) of ETO in the occupational environment of sterilisation units. Actual exposure levels in sterilisation units at Belgian and Dutch hospitals are presented and compared to data from recent studies conducted elsewhere. The animal studies did not match the actual exposure situation, involving a pattern of high peak levels and low time-weighted average levels. This may be the reason why epidemiological studies show contrasting results; they suggest reproductive toxicity of ETO at actual exposure levels. However, human data are scarce. There is a need for animal studies with a design that reflects the actual exposure situation. Epidemiological studies on reproductive events are also needed and a multi-country study would seem to be a possible approach, provided that the study design and data collection method are standardised.     

Association between perfluoroalkyl substances and reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults

BackgroundFew studies have explored the association between perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association of PFAS with reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults.MethodsWe recruited 540 subjects aged 12–30 years from a 1992 to 2000 mass urine screening population and established a cohort from 2006 to 2008 via invitations by mail or/and telephone. Serum PFAS levels were analyzed with a Waters ACQUITY UPLC system coupled with a Waters Quattro Premier XE triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Serum reproductive hormone levels were measured by immunoluminometric assay with an Architect random access assay system. PFAS levels were divided into different percentiles according to their detection limits in the multiple regression models to analyze associations between reproductive hormone levels and exposure with PFAS.ResultsThe adjusted mean serum level of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) decreased significantly in association with the <50th, 50–75, 75–90 and >90th percentile categories of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) compared with a reference category for the females in the 12–17-year-old group. The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were significantly decreased in association with the different percentile categories of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the male 12–17-year-old group and the different percentile categories of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA) in the female 12–17-year-old group. The serum FSH levels in the females aged 12–17 were also decreased in association with the different percentile categories of PFUA. On the other hand, there was a significantly negative association between the different percentile categories of PFOS and the serum testosterone level among the female 12–17-year-old group.ConclusionsWe found that the serum concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, and PFUA were negatively associated with the serum levels of SHBG, FSH, and testosterone in the young Taiwanese population and that these effects were the strongest in the females aged 12–17. Further studies are needed to determine whether these associations are causal.     

不同时间点锰暴露对大鼠睾丸激素的影响研究

目的 探讨不同时间点锰暴露对大鼠睾丸睾酮、雌二醇、促卵泡激素和促黄体生成素的影响。方法 选取健康成年雄性SD大鼠共96只,在本实验条件适应性喂养7 d后,根据预先设计的授时时间点（ZT2、ZT8、ZT14与ZT20）随机分为对照组与锰暴露组,每组12只。锰暴露组的剂量为30 mg/kg MnCl2,对照组为等容量的蒸馏水,采取腹腔注射的染毒方式,分别于各授时时间点进行染毒,每天1次,持续21 d。d22于相同的授时时间点处死动物,获取动物睾丸,检测其睾酮（T）、雌二醇（E2）、促卵泡激素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH）含量。结果 锰暴露可引起睾丸激素的改变,但在不同的授时时间点,其睾丸T、E2、FSH、LH含量的改变不相一致。ZT2暴露时间点,FSH和LH降低,而T升高;ZT8暴露时间点,FSH降低,而E2和T升高;ZT14暴露时间点,所有观察指标变化差异无统计学意义;ZT20暴露时间点,FSH和LH降低,而E2和T升高。结论 锰暴露所致的雄性生殖功能损伤具暴露时间差异性,在锰的生殖毒性评价时可能需考虑其暴露时间。     

A longitudinal electromyographic study of six men occupationally exposed to organophosphorus compounds

Summary Six men occupationally exposed to organophosphorus pesticides were examined electromyographically over a period of 7 – 9 months. Despite the absence of clinical signs and symptoms of anticholinesterase effects, the EMG voltage varied in a manner which reflected the pattern of work and exposure. The EMG results were used to illustrate the way in which exposure of individual workers can be monitored and reduced by improvements in industrial hygiene and safety precautions, so that the threat to health posed by exposure to organophosphorus compounds may be minimised.     

贵州省农村少数民族已婚育龄男性生殖健康现状调查

男性是直接和间接影响妇女和儿童生殖健康状况的重要因素[1].国内外已有不少学者研究发现,在生殖健康研究中欠缺男性的参与,呼吁生殖健康项目应包括男性[2-5].本项研究调查农村少数民族男性生殖健康状况及其对生殖健康服务的需求,分析其影响因素.     

"Life is still going on": reproductive intentions among HIV-positive women and men in South Africa

This article reports on qualitative research investigating HIV positive individuals' reproductive intentions and their influencing factors in Cape Town, South Africa. In-depth interviews were held with 61 HIV positive women and men; at the time of interview, half had been receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) for over 6 months and half were not receiving ART. Being HIV positive modified but did not remove reproductive desires, and diversity existed in reproductive intentions. Some HIV positive individuals wished to avoid pregnancy. Fears of partner and infant infection and having a previously infected baby were important factors deterring some individuals from considering having children. There was also strongly perceived community disapproval associated with HIV and reproduction. Strong desires to experience parenthood, mediated by prevailing social and cultural norms that encouraged childbearing in society more broadly, were reported by others. Motherhood was an important component of married women's identity and important for women's social status. Family, husbands' and societal expectations for childbearing were important influences on women's reproductive intentions, for some counterbalancing HIV as a factor discouraging reproduction. There was evidence that prevention of perinatal transmission programs in combination with ART may alter women and men's attitudes in favour of childbearing. Most HIV positive women had not discussed their reproductive desires and intentions with health care providers in HIV care or general health services because of anticipated negative reactions. The few who had done so perceived the counselling environment to be mostly unsupportive of open discussion on these issues. The findings highlight the need for explicit policies recognizing reproductive rights and choice. They support the need for health counselling and service interventions that advance safer and healthier reproductive options for HIV positive individuals in this region of the world which is experiencing a generalised and advanced HIV/AIDS pandemic.     

Serum LH and FSH following Passive Immunization Against Circulating Testosterone in the Intact Male Rat and in Orchidectomized Rats Bearing Subcutaneous Silastic Implants of Testosterone

Subcutaneous Silastic implants were designed to release quantities of testosterone approximating that produced by the rat testis and appropriate testosterone treatment was found to produce a physiologic inhibition of both LH and FSH secretion in orchidectomized rats. In rats bearing such testosterone implants, intravenous injection of an ovine anti-testosterone serum (0.3 cc) was sufficient to completely abolish the inhibitory effects of the testosterone implant for a period of 3 days as judged by the development of typical post-castration increases in serum LH and FSH. When this dose of antiserum was administered to intact adult male rats, the increases in serum LH on days 1, 2, and 3 post-injection were approximately 19%, 15%, and 11% of those observed in untreated castrates. Increases in serum FSH in antiserum injected rats followed a pattern similar to that for serum LH but the response was slightly greater (19%, 23%, and 22% of the castrate response) and there was no indication of a decreasing effect during the three days following injection. In these experiments, passive immunization against testosterone in intact male rats produced a clearcut stimulation of both LH and FSH release, but produced no data to support the suggestion that the intact testis can secrete nonsteroidal compounds capable of producing a differential inhibition of FSH secretion.     

无锡市2010年接触氟化物作业工人职业健康检查结果

目的了解无锡市氟化物对作业人员健康状况的影响。方法按照相关标准,对接触氟化物作业工人3 295人进行职业健康检查。结果氟化物作业人员特殊检查项目尿氟和骨盆片均未发现异常,同时作业场所氟检测浓度均在国家标准限值之内。常见病及单项指标异常者有1 941人,检出率为58.91%;以高血压、肝胆相关疾病、肝功能异常等病例多见。结论无锡市作业场所氟化物浓度控制较好,对作业人员产生的危害相对较轻,保护氟化物接触工人的身体健康仍是该市预防工作的重点。     

围绝经期妇女血清抑制素B水平测定及临床意义

目的:探讨围绝经期妇女血清抑制素B(Inhibins B)水平的变化、并分析其与围绝经期症状、月经状态的关系。方法:289例围绝经期妇女按照月经周期情况分为4组,研究组1共有106例,月经周期规律;研究组2共有84例,月经周期不规律,但最长周期不超过3个月;研究组3共有63例,月经周期不规律,月经周期在3~11个月之间;研究组4,绝经1年,共有36例。每位妇女均测定血清抑制素B、卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、雌激素(E2)水平,及临床症状分析。结果:Inhibins B水平研究组2与研究组1相比明显下降(P<0.001),但与研究组3、研究组4相比没有变化(P>0.05);FSH水平研究组2与研究组1相比无变化(P>0.05);E2水平研究组2与研究组1相比无意义(P>0.05)。②FSH、E2水平在正常范围内时,Inhibins B<50ng/L组临床症状发生率明显高于Inhibins B>50ng/L组(P<0.05)。结论:早期围绝经期妇女内分泌变化是抑制素B水平下降、雌激素水平可无变化。     

A study of some hormones concentrations in horses: Influences of reproductive status and breed differences

ObjectiveTo learn more about reproductive physiology of adult female Arabian horses over a period of 24 months and to examine the effect of breed’s difference between Arabian and European female horses over a period of 36 months on the circulatory levels of both metabolic hormones (IGF-1 and leptin).MethodsThirty female Arabian mares and 22 European non pregnant brood mares exported from Swedish and Germany of ages from 3 to 7 years belonging to Mubarak Police Academy (Abaseia horse farm) was used. Rectal ultrasonography was conducted in Arabian horses to monitor ovarian activity which classified into cyclic ovarian activity, no ovarian activity, and ovarian tumor, pregnancy and postpartum mares were also included in this study. Blood samples from these mares were collected and analyzed for progesterone and Leptin, IGF-1 and Nitric oxide (NO). In the same time, blood samples were collected from Arabian and foreign breeds for IGF-1 and leptin analysisResultsThere are significant increase in the IGF-1 (778.1±15.7 ng/mL and NO concentrations (39.83±9.15 μM/mL) in case of ovarian tumor. Significant decrease in leptin concentration was recorded (0.61±0.31 ng/mL) in case of postpartum cases. Inactive ovaries mare and pregnant one recorded significant increase in progesterone levels (10.1±1.46 and 22.6±2.0 ng/mL, respectively). On other hand Leptin recorded significant decrease in Arabian horses than European horses (0.86± 0.14 vs. 1.73±1.34), while IGF-1 have no significant change between two breeds.ConclusionThe knowledge of the normal and abnormal metabolic and sex hormones concentrations will help us to understand the role of these hormones in reproductive physiological and additionally, potential diagnostic and prognostic uses in both human and veterinary medicine, and will provide information for further research on this equine breeds as well as in human diseases.     

Occupational exposure to ethylene oxide during pregnancy and association with adverse reproductive outcomes

Objective To investigate the association between exposure to ethylene oxide during pregnancy and adverse reproductive outcomes. Methods Singleton pregnancies were analysed that: (1) had occurred in women working at the time of the study (2004) in hospital sterilising units using ethylene oxide in Gauteng province, South Africa; (2) was the last recognised pregnancy of these women after the 1 January 1992; and (3) this last recorded pregnancy had occurred while the mother was employed. An adverse reproductive outcome was defined as the occurrence of a spontaneous abortion, still birth or pregnancy loss (combined abortion + still birth). Information on the evolution and outcome of the pregnancy was gathered from the mother using a questionnaire. Information on exposure to ethylene oxide during pregnancy was obtained from three sources, namely walk-through surveys, questionnaire-collected data and measurements of the levels of ethylene oxide in sterilising units at the time of the study (personal and static sampling). Results The study enrolled 69% of the hospitals in Gauteng using ethylene oxide to sterilise medical equipment. The participation rate for women employed in these sterilising units was 97%, and the study population consisted of 98 singleton pregnancies. Measurements of ethylene oxide showed that operators of sterilisers were still potentially over-exposed. There was a significantly increased risk of spontaneous abortion (POR = 20.8, 95% CI = 2.1–199) and pregnancy loss (POR = 8.6, 95% CI = 1.8–43.7) for pregnancies highly exposed to ethylene oxide compared to low exposed pregnancies. No associations were found between exposure to ethylene oxide and stillbirth. Conclusions An increased risk of spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss was found to be associated with exposure to ethylene oxide during pregnancy.     

父亲和双亲接触丙烯腈对生殖结局的影响

目的 探讨丙烯腈(ACN)对男女工生殖功能的影响。方法 选择510名接触ACN作业工人，其中331名男工为父亲接触组，179人为双亲接触组，另选无ACN接触史的男工503人为对照组，比较女方的生殖结局。同时进行动物实验，小鼠静式吸入ACN，处死后取附睾检查精子畸变率。结果 对接触组与对照组配偶生殖结局调查结果的比较发现，其过期产数、周岁患病例数差异均有显著性，但子代出生缺陷差异无显著性。父亲接触组和双亲接触组女方生殖结局调查结果的比较发现，其不孕率差异有显著性。动物实验结果显示，吸入ACN后，小鼠精子畸变率随着染毒时间的延长和ACN浓度的增高而增高，与对照组比较差异有显著性。结论 ACN对男、女生殖系统都有一定的毒作用。     

白细胞介素6与血清生殖激素及精子浓度的相关性分析

目的:探讨男性不育症患者血浆白细胞介素6(IL-6)与血清生殖激素水平及精子浓度的相关性及临床意义。方法:检测68例男性不育症患者精子浓度、血浆IL-6与血清睾酮(T)、黄体生成激素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、催乳激素(PRL)水平,并与40例正常生育男性检测结果进行对照分析。结果:不育组血清T水平显著低于生育组(P<0.01),而血浆IL-6水平高于生育组(P<0.01)。不育组血浆IL-6水平与血清T水平呈负相关(P<0.05),而与血清FSH水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。不育患者中,精子浓度正常者较少精子症者血浆IL-6水平升高(P<0.01),T水平降低(P<0.01)。结论:血浆IL-6的水平与男性生殖密切相关,不仅对不育症的诊断、临床治疗及预后判断具有良好的参考价值,也可为不育症发病机制的研究提供新的思路。     

Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type ultra violet light filters and reproductive parameters in young men

Background

Benzophenone (BP)-type ultraviolet (UV) light filters are chemicals frequently added to personal care products, insect repellents, sunscreens, and beverage and food packaging to diminish the harmful effects of UV sunlight on human skin or foodstuffs. BP-type UV filters have shown negative effects on male reproduction function in in vitro and animal models, but human epidemiologic studies are limited. The goal of this study was to examine associations between urinary concentrations of BP-type UV filters and semen quality and reproductive hormone levels.

我国中西部4省(自治区)农村育龄妇女生殖道感染预防知识知晓情况及影响因素分析

目的了解我国中西部农村育龄妇女生殖道感染预防知识知晓情况并分析其影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法对我国中西部4省(自治区)的2268名农村育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果 1358人(59.5%)知道至少1种生殖道感染的预防方法。1872人(82.5%)不知道使用避孕套能够预防生殖道感染,2105人(92.8%)不知道生殖道感染需治愈后再怀孕。汉族育龄妇女(65.9%)生殖道感染预防知识知晓率明显高于少数民族(46.7%),已婚妇女(60.2%)高于未婚妇女(43.6%),高中及以上文化程度知晓率最高(74.7%),家庭年收入高的人群明显高于家庭年收入低的人群,21～40岁育龄妇女(62.3%)高于其他两组(P均<0.05)。多因素分析显示,少数民族和文化程度低的农村育龄妇女生殖道感染预防知识知晓较低,已婚、40岁以上的育龄妇女生殖道感染预防知识知晓率较高。结论我国中西部农村地区育龄期妇女生殖道感染预防知识知晓率较低,尤其是少数民族、未婚和文化程度低的人群,应针对农村育龄妇女特点,有针对性地开展生殖道感染健康教育势在必行。