MPT64 DNA疫苗对鼠结核分枝杆菌感染的保护作用

目的:研究MPT64 DNA疫苗对鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果.方法:C57BL/6小鼠36只,随机分为4 组.A组(PBS)、B组(pcDNA3.1)、C组(BCG)、D组(pcDNA/MPT64);分别于胫前肌注射质粒DNA免疫,70 μg/次,1次/2 wk,共3次.末次免疫后5 wk用106 CFU H37Rv经尾静脉攻击,攻击后6 wk处死小鼠,测血清总IgG,特异性脾淋巴细胞增殖实验、IFN-γ及IL-4分泌水平.作脾、肺组织荷菌量和病理学检查以及观察小鼠存活时间.结果:MPT64基因疫苗诱导小鼠特异性IgG的产生、脾淋巴细胞增殖以及IFN-γ的分泌.MPT64 DNA免疫组肺、脾组织荷菌量,病理学改变和小鼠存活时间明显优于阴性对照组.结论:MPT64 DNA疫苗在抗结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)感染过程中具有一定免疫保护作用.     

Ag85B-MPT64融合基因疫苗对鼠结核分枝杆菌感染的保护作用

目的 研究Ag85B-MPT64(AM)融合基因疫苗对鼠结核分枝杆菌感染的保护效果。方法C57BL／6小鼠63只,随机分为磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)、空质粒、卡介苗(BCG)、pcDNA／Ag85B、pcDNA／MPT64、pcDNA／Ag85B pcDNA／MPT64、pcDNA／AM组,采用肌肉注射法免疫小鼠,0、3、6周各1次,BCG组只在0周予皮内注射卡介苗1次。末次免疫后第5周用H37Rv经尾静脉注射实施攻击,攻击后6周处死部分小鼠,测血清总IgG,特异性脾淋巴细胞增殖、IFN-γ及IL4分泌水平;观测脾、肺组织荷菌量和病理学检查以及剩余小鼠的存活时间。结果 AM基因疫苗组诱导的特异性的IgG、脾淋巴细胞增殖和IFN-γ的分泌以及肺、脾组织荷菌量、病理学改变和小鼠存活时间明显优于其他DNA疫苗单独免疫组。结论 AM DNA疫苗在抗结核分枝杆菌感染过程中具有明显的免疫保护作用。     

结核菌H37Ra在小鼠体内诱导的抗结核细胞免疫应答的研究

目的:研究结核菌H37Ra免疫小鼠后产生的特异性细胞免疫应答及其对结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacteriun tubetculosisMTB)毒株感染的保护力.方法:Balb/c小鼠随机分为H37Ra组、BCG组和生理盐水(NS)组,皮内免疫8周后处死小鼠,流式细胞分析仪检测小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的变化;取小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外培养并用PPD刺激,MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞的刺激指数(SI);ELISA法检测培养上清液中IFN-?;免疫后第8周,用MTB毒株H37Rv经小鼠腹腔注射,4周后处死小鼠,测定小鼠肺脏荷菌量,观察免疫小鼠对MTB抵抗作用.结果:H37Ra免疫小鼠脾脏CD3 T细胞、CD4 T细胞的百分率分别为(41.63±1.68)%、(27.08±0.58)%,显著高于NS对照组(38.34±0.74)%、(24.37±1.60)%(P<0.05). H37Ra免疫组脾脏CD3 T细胞、CD4 T细胞及CD8 T细胞的百分率均不同程度地高于BCG免疫组,但差异无统计学意义.脾淋巴细胞SI和IFN-?水平检测均发现H37Ra免疫组显著高于NS对照组(P<0.05),略高于BCG免疫组.感染4周后H37Ra组小鼠肺脏荷菌量与NS对照组比较下降0.954log10CFU,差异有显著性(P<0.05),与BCG组之间差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论:H37Ba免疫小鼠后可以诱导产生特异性抗结核的细胞免疫应答,能够抵抗毒株H37Rv的攻击,且免疫效果与BCG相近.     

IL-12联合结核杆菌DNA疫苗初免-BCG加强免疫的免疫效果观察

目的研究并比较IL-12联合结核分枝杆菌(TB)DNA(Ag85A和ESAT-6)疫苗初免-BCG加强免疫的应答效果。方法将小鼠随机分成PBS阴性对照组和4组免疫组:BCG组、DNA(Ag85A和ESAT-6)初免-BCG异源加强组、DNA IL-12初免-BCG异源加强组和DNA初免-BCG IL-12异源加强组。末次免疫后4、6、8周分别测定血清总IgG水平,同时分离小鼠脾细胞,进行淋巴细胞增殖实验(流式细胞仪检测),测定脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ分泌水平,并检测小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞表型。结果4组免疫组体外经TB纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD)刺激后均检测到特异性IgG抗体产生,且抗体水平在末次免疫后4～8周逐渐增加,4组平均效价为1∶80,1∶120、1∶160、1∶160,各组抗体水平增加无明显差异(P>0.05);小鼠脾细胞体外经TB-PPD刺激后,4组免疫组均能产生特异性淋巴细胞增殖并诱生较强的IFN-γ反应,且DNA IL-12/BCG和DNA/BCG IL-12组特异性淋巴细胞增殖活性和IFN-γ分泌水平均明显强于BCG,DNA/BCG组(P<0.05),但DNA IL-12/BCG和DNA/BCG IL-12组间差异不明显;4组免疫组小鼠CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞较PBS组有较大升高(P<0.05),且DNA IL-12/BCG和DNA/BCG IL-12组CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞百分比大于BCG以及DNA/BCG组(P<0.05)。结论IL-12联合DNA疫苗初免-BCG加强的免疫策略较BCG免疫以及单纯的DNA疫苗初免-BCG加强免疫能在小鼠体内诱导更强的特异性细胞免疫反应,产生高水平的IFN-γ。     

多房棘球绦虫混合重组BCG-EmⅡ/3和BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗抑制小鼠脾细胞的凋亡

目的:多房棘球绦虫混合重组BCG-EmⅡ/3和BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗免疫小鼠并以Em原头节攻击后探讨以上疫苗对小鼠脾细胞凋亡的变化.方法:将混合重组BCG疫苗采用皮下注射和鼻腔内接种分别免疫Balb/c鼠8 wk后,用多房棘球绦虫原头节进行攻击感染,感染18 wk杀鼠取脾并分离脾细胞,流式细胞仪检测脾细胞的凋亡发生率,同时设有空载体、BCG和PBS对照.结果:疫苗接种组的脾细胞凋亡发生率明显低于感染对照组.结论:泡球蚴感染可引起小鼠脾细胞凋亡,而多房棘球绦虫混合重组BCG-EmⅡ/3和BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗可在一定程度上抑制感染鼠脾细胞的凋亡.     

表达结核分枝杆菌ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白DNA疫苗免疫原性

目的:研究表达结核分枝杆菌ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白DNA疫苗在小鼠体内诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答以及对结核分枝杆菌(MTB)感染小鼠的保护能力.方法:以100 μg重组质粒pcDNA-e6c10接种BALB/c小鼠腓前肌,共免疫3次. 末次免疫结束2 wk后,检测免疫小鼠特异性抗体滴度、淋巴细胞增殖指数、CTL杀伤效应以及诱导IFN-γ和IL-2水平. 另一部分免疫的BALB/c小鼠以1×105 MTB毒株H37Rv经尾静脉进行攻击,4 wk后计数脾脏细菌负荷数,观察免疫小鼠对MTB抵抗作用.结果:表达ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白DNA疫苗免疫小鼠血清特异性抗体滴度为1∶ 800. 淋巴细胞刺激增殖指数为2.42±0.13,显著高于生理盐水对照组;免疫小鼠诱导IFN-γ含量(2449±12)ng/L与卡介苗(BCG)组无明显差异,IL-2含量(198±16)ng/L不及BCG免疫组,但显著高于生理盐水对照组;同时融合蛋白诱导的CTL杀伤率为42%. 与生理盐水免疫组(细菌负荷6.51±0.13)相比较,DNA疫苗免疫的BALB/c小鼠对攻击感染后MTB在脾脏中增殖有较明显抵抗作用(细菌负荷4.51±0.23,P＜0.05),但与BCG免疫组相比脾脏细菌负荷无明显减少.结论:表达ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白DNA疫苗能在结核病预防中有一定免疫治疗作用.     

结核分枝杆菌对miR-21和TLR-4/NF-κB信号通路的影响研究

目的 研究结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)H37Rv及BCG感染RAW264.7和THP-1细胞后,对miR-21表达及Toll样受体(TLR)-4/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路的影响.方法 体外培养RAW264.7和THP-1细胞及Mtb H37Rv、BCG;建立Mtb感染RAW264.7和THP-1细胞模型;RAW26...     

Ipr1重组卡介苗对小鼠结核病的治疗效果

目的 评估携带小鼠胞内病原体抗性基因1(intracellular pathogen resistance 1,Ipr1)质粒(pBOGI)的重组卡介苗(BCG)对结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)感染的治疗效果.方法 BALB/c小鼠30只,随机分为3组:分别滴鼻给予磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)、BCG和重组BCG,2周后用人型Mtb H_(37),Rv标准株感染所有小鼠;感染后分别用PBS、BCG和重组BCG治疗7次;末次治疗后处死小鼠,检测肺脾荷菌量,肺脾脏器指数,血清IFN-γ、IL-10及TNF-α分泌水平和肺脾组织中Ipr1的表达,同时观察小鼠肺脾组织病理改变情况.结果 重组BCG组肺脾荷菌量比PBS组和BCG组显著降低(P<0.01);重组BCG组肺脾脏器指数比PBS组和BCG组显著降低(P<0.05);重组BCG组血清IFN-γ分泌水平比PBS组和BCG组显著升高(P<0.01).用免疫组化检测到小鼠肺睥组织中有Ipr1表达.PBS组肺组织病理改变以渗出为主,病变广泛;重组BCG组肺部病变最轻,肺泡结构基本正常;BCG组病变范围局限,病变程度界于PBS组与重组BCG组之间;各组间比较脾脏病理改变不明显.结论 携带小鼠Ipr1基因的重组BCG对结核分枝杆菌感染有一定的治疗作用.     

结核杆菌多价核酸疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫保护效应研究

目的:探讨结核杆菌Ag85A/ESAT-6/CFP-10多价核酸疫苗的动物免疫保护效应。方法:将24只BALB/c小鼠随机分成4组,多价核酸疫苗免疫组每只小鼠股四头肌肌肉注射重组质粒VR1020-85A、VR1020-E6和VR1020-P10各25μg(溶于100μL灭菌生理盐水中)进行免疫接种,3周后加强免疫1次。其余3组均为对照组,分别是生理盐水注射组、空白质粒VR1020免疫组和卡介苗(mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin,BCG)免疫组。每只小鼠于初次免疫6周后经腹腔注射结核杆菌H37Rv(菌落数为1×105)进行攻击,攻击实验28 d后取小鼠肺组织作结核杆菌培养和病理形态学检测。结果:多价核酸疫苗免疫组小鼠肺组织结核杆菌培养带菌量明显低于生理盐水注射组和空白质粒免疫组(P<0.05),但明显高于BCG免疫组(P<0.05)。多价核酸疫苗免疫组小鼠肺组织病变明显轻于生理盐水注射组和空白质粒免疫组,但明显重于BCG免疫组。结论:结核杆菌Ag85A/ESAT-6/CFP-10多价核酸疫苗免疫小鼠后能产生一定程度的抗结核免疫保护效应,但其免疫保护效应不及BCG。     

多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗诱导小鼠脾细胞因子变化的研究

目的:探讨多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗免疫和Em原头节攻击后小鼠脾细胞冈子的变化.方法:将疫苗采用皮下注射和鼻腔内接种分别免疫BALB/c鼠.免疫后8周用多房棘球绦虫原头节进行攻击感染,感染后18周杀鼠取脾,分离脾细胞,用EmAg或ConA刺激培养,收集脾细胞培养上清液,用试剂盒检测脾细胞培养上清液的IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-4水平,同时设有空载体、BCG和PBS对照.结果:疫苗接种组的IFN-γ和TNF-α水平升高,IL-4水平降低;鼻腔内接种组的TNF-α水平高于皮下注射组.结论:多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗诱导小鼠产生一个THl型反应,从而对抗Em原头节攻击感染.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.