肺黏液腺癌的病理诊断及分子机制

原发性肺黏液腺癌(primary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma)是肺腺癌的一种少见亚型, 与非黏液腺癌(non-mucinous adenocarcinoma)在病因和发病机制, 临床、影像、组织形态、免疫表型、分子遗传学改变、预后和治疗等诸多方面均不相同。肺黏液腺癌主要起源于支气管基底细胞和黏液细胞, 肿瘤细胞呈杯状或柱状, 胞浆富于黏液, 核位于基底, 常见特征性的跳跃式贴壁型生长模式, 其最主要的分子改变是KRAS突变。     

原发性双侧精囊腺黏液腺癌临床病理观察

目的探讨原发性双侧精囊腺黏液腺癌的临床病理学特征、诊断与鉴别诊断。方法分析1例原发性双侧精囊腺黏液腺癌的临床、病理形态学特征、免疫表型,并复习相关文献。结果患者男性,51岁。临床表现为血精伴排尿不畅,无肉眼血尿。血PSA不高,CEA、CA19-9和CA724升高。MRI示双侧精囊腺区囊实性病变。大体见双侧精囊腺增大,切面囊实性,实性区灰黄色,囊内有淡黄色胶冻样物。镜下见大量黏液湖,囊内壁衬覆黏液细胞,细胞有重度不典型性。免疫组化示癌细胞CK7和CA125(+),CK20小灶(+),PSA和CEA均(-)。术后细生化指标下降至正常范围。随访6个月,无复发或远处转移。结论原发性精囊腺黏液腺癌非常罕见,确诊时需与毗邻脏器来源的黏液腺癌鉴别,全面检查配合免疫组化可以明确诊断。     

肺纤毛黏液结节性乳头状肿瘤2例临床病理分析及文献复习

目的：探讨肺纤毛黏液结节性乳头状肿瘤（ciliated muconodular papillary tumors,CMPT）的临床和病理组织学特征、免疫表型及鉴别诊断。方法：总结2例CMPT患者的临床病理资料,分析其临床表现、影像学特点、病理学特征及免疫表型,并结合相关文献进行探讨。结果：术中冷冻病理检查结果,1例患者诊断为微浸润性黏液腺癌,另1例考虑需鉴别CMPT与微浸润性黏液腺癌。术后石蜡组织显示其具有共同的特征性结构,肿瘤组织主要排列呈腺管状、乳头状结构,局部可呈贴壁状生长,也可形成微乳头状结构;肿瘤内及肿瘤周围肺泡腔内充满黏液,并形成黏液池;肿瘤间质常伴有淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润;肿瘤由基底细胞、纤毛柱状细胞及黏液细胞3种细胞构成。3种肿瘤细胞均无异型性,无核分裂象,无肿瘤性坏死。免疫组织化学检查提示基底细胞表达P63及P40,部分表达TTF-1;纤毛柱状细胞及黏液细胞均表达CK7及MUC-1,部分或少数弱表达TTF-1、NapsinA、SP-A及P63,均不表达P40,少量纤毛细胞弱表达MUC5AC;3种细胞Ki-67均低表达。结论：肺CMPT是一种新近认识的少见肺肿瘤,其组织形态及免疫表型均具有特征性,3种肿瘤细胞的免疫组化表达不一致,但在影像学检查及术中冷冻病理检查中易被误诊为腺癌,确诊需要进行石蜡组织形态学观察和免疫组化标志检测。     

原发性肺黏液腺癌4例分析

黏液腺癌多见于消化道,原发于肺部的黏液腺癌极少见,它属于低度恶性肿瘤的一种。该病的临床症状及X-线表现很难与肺癌、肺结核、肺炎、胸膜炎及肺部弥漫性病变鉴别。近年来我院发现原发性肺黏液腺癌4例,均在院外误诊为“结核性胸膜炎、肺结核、肺炎”等疾病,治疗观察半年后来诊。由于临床症状、X线等影像学资料(胸片及CT)较难做出诊断,最后依赖于细胞学或组织病理确诊,现报道如下。     

附睾原发性恶性间皮瘤2例临床病理特点

目的 探讨附睾原发性恶性间皮瘤的临床病理特征、诊断与鉴别诊断要点。方法 对2例附睾原发性恶性间皮瘤进行临床病理分析、组织形态学、组织化学及免疫组化染色观察，结合文献对其临床表现、病理形态特点及鉴别诊断进行探讨。结果 2例附睾原发性恶性间皮瘤呈上皮样组织学改变(上皮样型间皮瘤)，在纤维性间质背景中，含有片状、灶状或巢状上皮细胞团，局部有腺样结构形成。淀粉酶消化的PAS染色瘤细胞呈(-)，网织纤维染色显示上皮性肿瘤特点，局部呈双向分化；免疫组化染色显示瘤细胞calretinin( )，EMA强( )，vimenfin弱( )，CEA(-)。结论 原发于附睾的恶性间皮瘤是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，预后差，临床易误诊。其组织形态复杂多样，应注意与附睾的良性增生性病变及腺癌和梭形细胞肿瘤等鉴别。     

原发性阑尾肿瘤14例诊治分析

目的:探讨原发性阑尾肿瘤的临床特点及早期诊断、治疗要点.方法:回顾性分析我院经病理诊断证实的原发性阑尾肿瘤14例的临床资料. 结果:阑尾良性肿瘤7例,其中黏液囊肿4例,黏液囊腺瘤2例,腺瘤1例,合并腹膜假性黏液瘤2例;阑尾恶性肿瘤7例,其中类癌5例,腺癌2例.本组均行手术治疗,其中9例行右半结肠切除术(一期切除7例,二期切除2例),5例行阑尾及系膜切除.随访12例,1例腺癌术后4年死于癌转移,余均无复发和转移. 结论:阑尾肿瘤临床少见,术前诊断困难,应提高认识.术前诊断可疑者术中应仔细探查和行快速冷冻切片病理检查,对手术方式的选择及提高预后生存率有重要作用.     

影响术中冷冻诊断小体积肺腺癌准确性的临床病理因素分析

目的 探讨术中冷冻切片诊断小体积肺腺癌的临床价值及影响准确性的临床病理因素。方法 回顾性分析2019-09—2021-10内蒙古自治区人民医院200例肺腺癌患者的临床病理资料,以石蜡切片诊断结果为“金标准”,分析冷冻切片检查的准确性,探讨影响准确性的临床病理因素。结果 冷冻切片与石蜡切片总体符合率为88.5%,其中冷冻切片诊断非典型腺瘤性增生符合率为100%、原位腺癌(AIS)符合率为88.9%、微浸润性腺癌(MIA)符合率为81.0%、浸润性腺癌符合率为90.7%。分析发现肿瘤大小≥1 cm、不吸烟、存在高级别组织学形态的患者符合率高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 小体积肺腺癌术中冷冻切片病理诊断具有较高的准确性,是术中手术治疗方案选择的重要依据,当冷冻切片诊断为AIS、MIA时,需结合肿瘤大小、是否存在高级别组织学亚型等因素考虑。     

乳腺黏液性囊腺癌超声表现2例

黏液性囊腺癌(mucinous cystadenocarcinoma,MCC)是乳腺黏液癌的一种罕见类型[1],形态学上与卵巢黏液性囊腺癌非常相似。目前,尚未见有关其超声表现方面的报道,现将我们经手术病理证实的2例乳腺黏液性囊腺癌进行回顾性总结分析,旨在提高对乳腺罕见癌的认识以及它与常见乳腺肿物     

肺浸润型黏液性腺癌误诊为肺脓肿

目的探讨肺浸润型黏液性腺癌的临床和病理特点,减少误漏诊。方法对我院收治的1例肺浸润型黏液性腺癌的误诊资料进行回顾性分析。结果本例为74岁女性,因咳嗽、咳痰、气促半年余,反复发热半月余入院。CT提示两肺多发结节伴空洞,急诊一度误诊为肺脓肿,给予多种抗生素治疗效果欠佳。复查胸部CT示病变持续进展,于胸外科手术肺活检病理检查确诊为肺浸润型黏液性腺癌,予对症支持和中医药治疗,随访9个月疾病进展,出现多发淋巴结转移和呼吸衰竭。结论临床遇到以肺部多发结节、空洞为主要表现者,除考虑肺部感染性疾病外还需警惕肺癌的可能;治疗后应及时多次复查病灶的影像学变化,对病灶吸收不佳或进展者应尽早行活检病理检查以明确诊断。     

肾结石并肾盂黏液腺癌（附1例报告并文献复习）

目的探讨肾结石合并肾盂黏液腺癌的发病机制及临床特征。方法报告1例肾结石并肾盂黏液腺癌患者的临床资料,患者行肾及输尿管全长切除术,术后病理报告为黏液腺癌。结合相关文献复习并对本病组织发生、临床特点等进行讨论。结果术后随访6个月,未见肿瘤转移及复发。结论结石并肾盂癌临床表现无特异性,术前诊断率低。结石病史长,反复合并感染者应警惕合并肾盂癌。CT有助于提高其诊断率。影像学检查显示肾脏囊性包块,囊壁不光滑,囊壁部分钙化,囊内液体密度不均,应考虑黏液腺癌可能。尿液中或肾内发现黏液提示肾盂黏液腺癌。肾盂黏液腺癌确诊依赖病理检查。肾盂黏液腺癌应行患侧肾输尿管全长切除术。没有证据表明术后化疗或放疗能改善患者预后,其预后难以估计。     

Delayed diagnosis of ascending colon mucinous adenocarcinoma with local abscess as primary manifestation: Report of three cases

BACKGROUNDColorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma is a distinct subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma that is not sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and its prognosis is worse than that of nonmucinous adenocarcinoma. Early diagnosis and aggressive surgical treatment may be the key to improving the prognosis of patients. Ascending colon mucinous adenocarcinoma with the primary manifestation of a local abscess caused by non-intestinal perforation has never been reported. Moreover, since the lumen of the ascending colon is large, and early stage ascending colon cancer lacks typical clinical manifestations, the diagnosis may be delayed easily. We herein report three cases of delayed diagnosis of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma.CASE SUMMARYWe present three patients (two females and one male) with mucinous ascending colon mucinous adenocarcinoma with the primary manifestation of a local abscess (the right area of the lumbar spine, right groin, and lower right abdomen) caused by non-intestinal perforation. At the initial clinical visit, the common causes of those abscesses, including spinal tuberculosis and urinary tract infection, were excluded. The treatment of the abscess was through an incision and drainage. However, the source of the abscess was not made clear, which led to an abscess recurrence and a delayed diagnosis of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma. After the patients were referred to our hospital, a definitive diagnosis of ascending colon mucinous adenocarcinoma was made with the help of tumor markers and colonoscopic findings. Because of the delayed diagnosis of the disease, two patients (case 1 and case 2) missed the chance of surgery due to disease progression and died in a short follow-up period. Only case 3 underwent radical surgery for the tumor in the right colon and partial abdominal wall resection and achieved a better prognosis.CONCLUSIONAbscesses in the right area of the lumbar spine, right groin, or right lower quadrant caused by non-intestinal perforation as the primary clinical manifestation of ascending colon mucinous adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon may be one of the causes of such abscesses. Performing colonoscopy as soon as possible is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.     

卵巢粘液性肿瘤细胞基质MMP-9的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究卵巢粘液性肿瘤组织中细胞外基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达及其与临床病理因素的关系。方法：通过免疫组织化学方法检测43例卵巢粘液性囊腺瘤MMP-9的表达情况。结果：MMP-9在粘液性囊腺瘤中无表达，在交界性粘液性囊腺瘤及粘液性囊腺癌中的阳性率分别为22．2％、55．2％；MMP-9的表达与粘液性囊腺癌的组织学分级、FIGO分期及术后复发和死亡有密切关系。2例交界性粘液囊腺瘤MMP-9阳性，同时这2例出现复发。结论：MMP-9表达与卵巢粘液性囊腺瘤的恶性程度有关，可望作为交界性粘液性囊腺瘤及粘液性囊腺癌的诊断和分级的客观指标，并协助临床估计预后。     

Gastrointestinal-type chemotherapy prolongs survival in an atypical primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma: A case report

BACKGROUNDPrimary ovarian mucinous carcinoma is a rare histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian carcinoma and exhibits considerable morphologic overlap with secondary tumour. It is hard to differentiate primary from metastatic ovarian mucinous carcinoma by morphological and immunohistochemical features. Because of the histologic similarity between primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma and metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoma, it has been hypothesized that ovarian mucinous carcinomas might respond better to non-gynecologic regimens. However, the standard treatment of advanced ovarian mucinous carcinoma has not reached a consensus.CASE SUMMARYA 56-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with repeated pain attacks in the right lower quadrant abdomen, accompanied by diarrhoea, anorexia, and weight loss for about 3 mo. The patient initially misdiagnosed as having gastrointestinal carcinoma because of similar pathological features. Based on the physical examination, tumour markers, imaging tests, and genetic tests, the patient was clinically diagnosed with ovary mucinous adenocarcinoma. Whether gastrointestinal-type chemotherapy or gynecologic chemotherapy was a favourable choice for patients with advanced ovarian mucinous cancer had not been determined. The patient received a chemotherapy regimen based on the histologic characteristics rather than the tumour origin. The patient received nine cycles of FOLFOX and bevacizumab. This was followed by seven cycles of bevacizumab maintenance therapy for 9 mo. Satisfactory therapeutic efficacy was achieved.CONCLUSIONThe genetic analysis might be used in the differential diagnosis of primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma and non-gynecologic mucinous carcinoma. Moreover, primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma patients could benefit from gastrointestinal-type chemotherapy.     

气管恶性潜能未定血管球瘤临床病理观察

目的 探讨气管恶性潜能未定血管球瘤的病理学特征及诊断、鉴别诊断.方法 对1例气管恶性潜能未定血管球瘤的活检、术中冷冻及根治术标本进行光镜观察及免疫组化标记,并结合临床资料复习文献.结果 肿瘤位于右肺上叶支气管开口处;镜下见肿瘤侵及气管黏膜层及黏膜下层,瘤细胞呈巢状分布、较一致,呈卵圆形及多角形,胞质嗜酸性到透明状,细胞核位于中央,密集围绕血管.免疫组化:肿瘤细胞vimentin和SMA(卅),EMA、CK、CK5、CK7、CK34BE12、TTF-1、CD31、CD34、desmin、S-100、Syn、CgA、NSE、bcl-2、ALK和GFAP均(-).网状纤维染色示网状纤维围绕单个瘤细胞.结论 发生于肺组织的血管球瘤非常罕见,活检及术中冷冻诊断困难.组织病理学特征及免疫组化标记是其主要的诊断依据.     

'Metachronous' adenocarcinoma of the small intestine

Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine accounts for less than 1% of primary gastrointestinal malignancies (1). Small intestine contains 75% of the length of the gastrointestinal tract with 90% of the surface mucosal area, and yet carcinoma is rare. Symptoms of small bowel adenocarcinoma are vague and non-specific, and this region is relatively inaccessible which together contributes to their late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The authors report a case of two primary adenocarcinomas of the small intestine in the same patient.     

Colonic metastasis from squamous carcinoma of the lung: report of a case and review of the literature

We describe a rare case with metastatic involvement of the gastrointestinal tract (colonic metastasis) secondary to lung cancer. After diagnostic work-up, a left hemicolectomy was performed. Patient has been alive and healthy 9 months after operation. We report the first case with the longest survival period after the diagnosis of metastasis, although the symptomatic gastrointestinal metastases from lung cancer generally follow a poor prognosis because of their advanced state and multiplicity.     

Calcified primary tumors of the gastrointestinal tract

The dominant pattern and location of calcifications occurring within 23 primary gastrointestinal tumors have been analysed and correlated with the data from the literature. The provided guidelines for radiologic diagnosis of such calcified tumors include: (1) a retrocardiac mass containing amorphous calcifications is typical of leiomyoma of the esophagus; (2) calcific deposits similar to that in uterine fibroids may be the feature of gastric leiomyoma or intestinal leiomyosarcoma; (3) sand-like deposits within the wall of the stomach or colon are characteristic of a mucinous adenocarcinoma; (4) clusters of phleboliths in the gastrointestinal wall suggest a hemangioma particularly if recurrent intestinal bleeding and cutaneous hemangiomas are associated; (5) sunburst type of calcification in the pancreas indicates a cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma of that organ; and (6) aggregates of granular calcifications in the liver are diagnostic for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon but may rarely be seen in a primary malignancy of the liver.     

Macrocystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas:CT and endosonographic features

Recently, the term ``serous cystadenoma' has been adopted in the pathological community to qualify the so-called microcystic adenoma of the pancreas. This change in terminology was based on the emergence of a new type of serous cystadenoma of the pancreas, i.e., the macrocystic variant. We report one case of pathologically proven macrocystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas for which the diagnosis of mucinous cystadenoma was suggested preoperatively. This rare but benign macrocystic variant exhibits radiological features similar to those of mucinous cystadenoma. In addition, inflammatory changes and foci of hemorrhage within the tumor may simulate mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. RID="ID="<e5>Correspondence to:</e5> P. Soyer Received: 25 August 1997/Accepted: 8 October 1997     

Paratesticular metastasis arising from colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma: a rare case report

Colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma rarely metastasizes to the paratesticular region, highlighting the importance of a correct diagnosis. We herein present a case involving a 65-year-old man with paratesticular carcinoma associated with scrotal swelling 1 year after radical resection of colon cancer. Computed tomography revealed a low-density tumor in the right scrotum and mild enhancement of the mass after administration of a contrast agent. The patient underwent radical surgery to remove the right testis. Pathology and immunohistochemistry revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma of the paratesticular tissue. The patient was discharged from the hospital 6 days after surgery. We reviewed the recent literature to summarize the clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis of this disease.