快中子单次照射后小鼠骨髓远期效应的研究

对于大面积的照射，无论近期还是远期，骨髓都是一剂量依赖性细胞更新组织。辐射可以损伤骨髓的造血干细胞和造血微环境，也可以造成长期的骨髓抑制。了解不同射线大面积和全身照射对骨髓的远期影响对于进一步的临床治疗是很重要的。本文研究了Ｐ（３５）Ｂｅ快中子和γ射...     

分化型甲状腺癌骨转移大剂量131I治疗后出现重度骨髓抑制一例

笔者报道了一例131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）骨转移出现重度骨髓抑制的病例,从临床诊断、骨髓造血系统变化、治疗过程是否规范等方面分析该病例特点,并通过文献复习加深了对131I诊治DTC骨转移的疗效以及骨髓造血影响的认识:131I诊治DTC骨转移的临床效果明显,但随着累积剂量的提升以及患者对131I治疗个体敏感度的不同可能会发生骨髓造血系统的白细胞或血小板一过性下降。对于广泛骨转移患者131I治疗时要高度警惕骨髓抑制的发生,要尽可能考虑累积治疗剂量的因素;尽量延长再次治疗的间隔时间;出现骨髓抑制现象时,要择期使用131I治疗。     

7Gyγ射线照射后4h小鼠骨髓差异表达基因的初步研究

目的 为探讨急性放射病骨髓损伤的分子机制,研究整体照射条件下,辐射前后骨髓基因表达的变化。方法 运用抑制消减杂交、cDNA阵列杂交及Northern杂交等方法,筛选C57BL/6J小鼠受7Gy60Co γ射线照射后4h骨髓组织差异表达基因。结果 筛选到一系列辐射后可能表达升高的基因,其功能涉及细胞周期调控、抗氧化、DNA损伤修复和造血免疫,实验确证CDKN1A及S100A8基因的差异表达。结论 辐射后差异表达基因的功能说明骨髓受辐射后即发生哺乳细胞普遍发生的辐射效应(如DNA损伤、细胞周期阻滞、过氧化反应),同时骨髓的造血免疫功能及神经内分泌调节发生改变。     

人骨髓粒-巨噬祖细胞和基质祖细胞的辐射敏感性:剂量率效应

体外培养的人类白血病细胞系已显示出比骨髓基质细胞更高的辐射敏感性。然而,所提供的有关照射剂量率方面的资料并不多。要了解正常人骨髓造血细胞辐射敏感性是否与剂量率有一定关系,首先,必须纯化各种造血祖细胞。大量资料表明,新鲜骨髓含有很多其他非造血系细胞群,这些细胞同造血干细胞相比,可能对辐射有个高的固有敏感性。但目前还不能从骨髓中将其所含的非造血性基质细胞分离出来,致使人骨髓造血细胞的放射生物学研究工作陷入困境。本文报道以新鲜骨髓细胞及通过长期骨髓培养LTBMC方法,从基质细胞中分离出的非贴壁造血细胞作为靶细胞,观察不同剂量率的X线对同系细胞活存的影响。     

3.0T MR IDEAL-IQ序列对T_1、T_2期直肠癌术后化疗后骨髓抑制评估价值

目的探讨使用3.0T MR IDEAL-IQ序列定量测量T_1、T_2期直肠癌患者术后骨髓抑制情况。方法选取青岛市市立医院T_1、T_2期直肠癌术后进行化疗的男性患者41例作为研究对象,根据化疗后14天、90天血常规结果将患者分为急性骨髓抑制组、慢性骨髓抑制组、无骨髓抑制组;化疗前患者作为对照组。采用3.0 T MR成像仪,患者于化疗前1～3天、化疗后4～6天,化疗后85～90天分别进行盆腔IDEAL-IQ序列MRI扫描,定量测量患者髂骨、骶骨、股骨颈骨髓脂肪分数,并比较各组患者骨髓脂肪含量的差异。结果 T_1、T_2期直肠癌化疗后急性骨髓抑制组、慢性骨髓抑制组及无骨髓抑制组患者骶骨、髂骨、股骨颈骨髓脂肪分数与对照组骨髓脂肪分数比较均有差异,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3.0T MR IDEAL-IQ序列定量测量T_1、T_2期直肠癌术后化疗后骨髓脂肪分数,可以较外周血细胞检查更早发现骨髓抑制,对临床诊疗具有一定的指导意义。     

KGF联合G-CSF对γ射线照射小鼠的辐射保护作用

临床实践中,电离辐射对骨髓造血功能的长期抑制是辐射损伤患者死亡的重要原因之一^[1]。     

细胞因子在急性辐射损伤治疗中的作用

急性辐射损伤以及肿瘤患者在放疗或化疗后,均可发生程度不等的骨髓功能抑制。一些细胞因子通过刺激不同分化时期、不同类型的靶细胞影响其增殖和分化,从而对骨髓造血细胞起辐射防护和促进骨髓造血恢复的作用。随着基因工程的发展,人们可以获得越来越多的高纯度重组造血因子,这些因子在急性辐射损伤的实验研究和临床救治中发挥了极其重要的作用。同时,细胞因子治疗也存在一些问题,有待进一步研究和解决。     

骨髓长期培养的造血基质祖细胞的辐射敏感性

骨髓的长期培养体系使造血干细胞等所有造血细胞活存数周。这是由于培养过程中所形成的贴壁细胞层起到了造血微环境作用所致。把培养的这种贴壁细胞层接种到同系小鼠的肾包膜下,造血基质祖细胞形成异位造血灶。问题是培养的基质祖细胞在转移造血微环境的能力上是否和骨髓基质祖细胞相一致?辐射敏感性是细胞的最重要的特征之一。新鲜骨髓中转移造血微环境的细胞辐射敏感性的特征已有详细介绍。     

微波辐射对大鼠造血组织形态和功能的影响研究

目的探讨微波辐射对大鼠造血组织形态及功能的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠144只,随机均分为4组:假辐射组(不接受辐射),2.5、5和10mW/cm2辐射组(分别接受2.55、、10mW/cm2的微波辐射,6min/次,每周5次,持续辐射30d)。分别在最后1次辐射结束后的6h及7、14、30、601、80d取6只大鼠,取下腔静脉血检测外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板数及血红蛋白浓度。另取大鼠处死后取胸骨,经光镜和电镜观察骨髓组织学和超微结构改变。结果 5mW/cm2微波长期辐射结束后6h,大鼠外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞及红细胞数均较假辐射组有不同程度的下降,辐射后60d外周血红细胞、血小板数与假辐射组比较显著增加(P<0.05)。5、10mW/cm2组辐射后180d大鼠外周血白细胞、淋巴细胞及血小板数显著下降(P<0.01)。光镜下可见,骨髓造血细胞在辐射后14d变化并不明显,辐射后30d骨髓间质可见明显充血、水肿,辐射后180d可见造血细胞减少,脂肪细胞明显增多,并呈现一定的量效关系。5mW/cm2微波辐射后7d,电镜下可见骨髓中各系造血细胞呈凋亡和坏死改变。结论 5～10mW/cm2微波长期(30～180d)辐射可导致大鼠造血系统形态和功能改变,且与辐射剂量有关。     

血管内皮生长因子在放射损伤小鼠骨髓基质细胞中的表达

目的 探讨辐射对小鼠骨髓基质细胞血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响及凋亡率变化。方法 采用RT—PCR和Western blot方法，初步检测了昆明小鼠经6．0Gy^60Coγ射线全身照射后小同时间骨髓基质细胞VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化；并用流式细胞术检测相应时间的骨髓基质细胞凋亡率。结果 辐射损伤后，小鼠骨髓基质细胞VEGF表达在mRNA水平和蛋白水平均显著降低，骨髓基质细胞凋亡率显著升高；随时间延长，骨髓基质细胞VEGF表达有所恢复，凋亡率也逐渐降低，但14d时仍未恢复正常。结论 6．0Gy^60Coγ射线可抑制骨髓基质细胞VFGF表达，引起细胞凋亡。说明辐射所致骨髓微环境损伤与基质细胞中VEGF表达异常有关。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.