Oncological Safety of Autologous Fat Grafting after Breast Conservative Treatment: A Prospective Evaluation

Autologous fat graft to the breast is a useful tool to correct defects after breast conservative treatment (BCT). Although this procedure gains popularity, little is known about the interaction between the fat graft and the prior oncological environment. Evidences of safety of this procedure in healthy breast and after post‐mastectomy reconstruction exist. However, there is paucity of data among patients who underwent BCT which are hypothetically under a higher risk of local recurrence (LR). Fifty‐nine patients, with prior BCT, underwent 75 autologous fat graft procedures using the Coleman's technique, between October 2005 and July 2008. Follow‐up was made by clinical and radiologic examination at least once, after 6  months of the procedure. Mean age was 50 ± 8.5 years, and mean follow‐up was 34.4 ± 15.3 months. Mean time from oncological surgery to the first fat grafting procedure was 76.6 ± 30.9 months. Most of patients were at initial stage 0 (11.8%), I (33.8%), or IIA (23.7%). Immediate complication was observed in three cases (4%). Only three cases of true LR (4%) associated with the procedure were observed during the follow‐up. Abnormal breast images were present in 20% of the postoperative mammograms, and in 8% of the cases, biopsy was warranted. Autologous fat graft is a safe procedure to correct breast defects after BCT, with low postoperative complications. Although it was not associated with increased risk of LR in the group of patients studied, prospective trials are needed to certify that it does not interfere in patient's oncological prognosis.     

Rhabdomyosarcoma Metastatic to the Breast

Abstract: Metastatic involvement of the breast from an extramammary malignancy is uncommon with an incidence of 0.8–6.6% in reported series of breast neoplasms. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common extramammary malignancy to metastasize to the breast in the pediatric age group but is rare in adults. In adult patients metastatic neoplasms may be misdiagnosed clinically or mammographically as a primary breast neoplasm or even as a benign process. We present a review of the literature on rhabdomyosarcoma metastatic to the breast and add an unusual case of a 41-year-old female, to our knowledge, the oldest yet reported. We also review the mammographic and histopathologic findings of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma to the breast.?     

Evaluation of Breast Fat by Preoperative Mammography, Histology, and Thermal Extraction of Surgical Specimens

Abstract: The fat contained in the breasts of 33 unselected patients submitted to breast-reduction procedures was studied by three methods: preoperative mammography, histological examination of samples from the surgical specimens, and thermal fat extraction from these specimens. The 3 methods showed that the majority of the patients have more than half of their breast tissues constituted by fat. Thermal extraction produced the most accurate data, as the results could be measured instead of evaluated grossly. It showed a mean amount of 48% of breast fat with extreme variations from 2% to 78%. It also revealed major variations among patients of the same age and aspect. These variations were not detectable by clinical examination, and hardly predicted by mammography. The microscopical study showed that the whitish parts of the breast, which surgeons consider as “fibroglandular” tissue, do not contain more epithelial components than the fatty parts. These observations, like those on breast fat, are new. Their consequences, as concerns lactation, evolution of the breast with time, breast-surgery techniques, and surgical complications, have yet to be evaluated.     

Breast Reconstruction National Trends and Healthcare Implications

Breast reconstruction improves quality‐of‐life of breast cancer patients. Different reconstructive options exist, yet commentary in the plastic surgery literature suggests that financial constraints are limiting access to autologous reconstruction (AR). This study follows national trends in breast reconstruction and identifies factors associated with reconstructive choices. Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2008. Patients were categorized as having either implant or ARs. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis identified variables associated with receiving implants versus AR. Physician fee schedules were analyzed using national average Medicare physician reimbursement rates. From 1998 to 2008, 324,134 breast reconstructions were performed. Reconstructions increased 4% per year. The proportion of implant reconstructions increased 11% per year, whereasARs decreased 5% per year (p < 0.05). Our model showed that the odds of having implant‐based versus AR were significantly associated with age, disease severity, payer type, hospital teaching status, and year of surgery. Year of surgery was the strongest predictor of implant reconstruction; patients receiving breast reconstructive surgery in 2009 were three times more likely to have implant breast reconstructive surgery compared with similar patients in 2002. Medicare reimbursement steadily declined for AR over a similar time frame. From 1998 to 2008, autologous breast reconstruction has significantly declined, parallel to a decrease in physician reimbursement. Our data found no significant change in patient characteristics supporting the lack of choice of AR. Further research is warranted to better understand this shift to implant reconstruction and to ensure future access of these complex reconstructive procedures.     

Extending the Indications for Autologous Breast Reconstruction Using a Two‐Stage Modified Goldilocks Procedure: A Case Report

Post‐mastectomy reconstruction is performed using implant‐based or autologous techniques. Many women refuse or are poor candidates for implant‐based reconstruction. We previously described a single‐stage autologous technique that was most applicable in obese women with significant ptosis that made use of the mastectomy skin flap and subcutaneous tissue to reconstruct a breast mound. Here, we extend this technique to smaller breasted women by incorporating a second stage of skin tailoring and fat grafting. This technique does not require donor site surgery nor extended operative and recovery times. It extends the indications for autologous reconstruction to nonideal candidates and to developing countries where cost limits access.     

Brava辅助自体脂肪移植矫正乳房局部缺损

目的探讨Brava辅助自体脂肪移植矫正乳房局部缺损的可行性。方法 2010年1月至2010年10月,共39例乳房局部组织缺损、凹陷畸形患者接受Brava负压辅助自体脂肪移植治疗。在接受自体脂肪注射移植隆乳术前1个月,患者按照要求佩戴Brava,每天佩戴8 h,直至手术当日。自体脂肪抽取处理后,分层均匀注射至组织缺损部位,同时以16 G注射器针头松解黏连。结果术后随访1~12个月,未发现脂肪液化、结节、钙化等并发症。术后效果满意度调查,37例对手术效果非常满意(94.9%),1例对手术效果基本满意(2.6%),1例由于乳房畸形矫正不彻底而对手术效果不满意(2.6%)。结论对于乳腺肿瘤的局部切除后,以及PHAG取出以后形成的局部缺损凹陷,Brava辅助自体脂肪移植是理想的手术方法。     

Modified Bi‐Rads Scoring of Breast Imaging Findings Improves Clinical Judgment

In contrast with the reporting requirements currently mandated under the Federal Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA), we propose a modification of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (Bi‐Rads) in which a concluding assessment category is assigned, not to the examination as a whole, but to every potentially malignant abnormality observed. This modification improves communication between the radiologist and the attending clinician, thereby facilitating clinical judgment leading to appropriate management. In patients with breast cancer eligible for breast conserving therapy, application of this modification brings to attention the necessity for such patients to undergo pretreatment biopsies of all secondary, synchronous ipsilateral lesions scored Bi‐Rads 3‐5. All contralateral secondary lesions scored Bi‐Rads 3‐5 also require pretreatment biopsies. The application of this modification of the MSQA demonstrates the necessity to alter current recommendations (“short‐interval follow‐up”) for secondary, synchronous Bi‐Rads 3 (“probably benign”) image‐detected abnormalities prior to treatment of the index malignancy.     

自体脂肪颗粒移植隆胸与假体隆胸的塑形效果

探讨自体脂肪颗粒移植隆胸和假体隆胸的塑形效果。方法 选取2018年1月-2022年1月于 广州远东美容医院行隆胸手术的48例患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组 24例。对照组采用常规的假体隆胸手术,研究组采用自体脂肪颗粒移脂隆胸手术,比较两组入院时、术前 1 d、术后1 d、术后2 d的C-反应蛋白（CRP）水平变化情况、手术时间、胸围增加量、临床疗效、术后 并发症发生情况以及塑形效果满意度。结果 研究组术后1、2 d CRP水平低于对照组（P ＜0.05）;研究组 手术时间短于对照组,胸围增加量高于对照组（P ＜0.05）;研究组治疗总有效率为91.67%,高于对照组的 66.67%（P＜0.05）;研究组塑形效果满意度为91.67%,高于对照组的66.67%（P＜0.05）;研究组术后并发 症发生率为0,低于对照组的25.00%（P ＜0.05）。结论 自体脂肪颗粒移植隆胸手术的塑形效果优于假体隆 胸效果,不但能增加患者胸围,还能提升患者的临床疗效,强化患者对塑形效果的满意度,且术后并发症 较少,安全性较高。