3种药物对饲服TCDD的胎鼠腭突超微结构的影响

目的：观察叶酸、白藜芦醇和α-萘黄酮拮抗四氯二苯二噁英（2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD）诱导胎鼠腭裂发生的效应,及对饲服TCDD的胎鼠腭突表面超微结构的影响。方法：妊娠第10天（gestation day 10,GD10）孕鼠随机分组,每组8只。TCDD组以TCDD 28 μg/kg灌胃,对照组以玉米油0.1 ml灌胃,叶酸组以叶酸10 mg/kg + TCDD 28 μg/kg灌胃、白藜芦醇组以白藜芦醇50 mg/kg+TCDD 28 μg/kg灌胃、α-萘黄酮组以α-萘黄酮5 mg/kg+TCDD 28 μg/kg灌胃,于GD17.5在解剖显微镜下观察胎鼠腭裂的发生率。另取15只孕鼠随机分组,每组3只,处理方法同前,分别于GD13.5、14.5、15.5剪取胎鼠头部,扫描电镜观察腭突表面的超微结构。结果：TCDD组胎鼠腭裂发生率为92.86%,对照组未见胎鼠腭裂形成。叶酸组、白藜芦醇组和α-萘黄酮组胎鼠腭裂发生率分别为73.08%、74.51%、65.52%,与TCDD组相比,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。TCDD组腭中嵴上皮细胞表面逐渐破裂、皱缩,伪足结构逐渐减少、消失,最终形成腭裂;对照组、叶酸组、白藜芦醇组和α-萘黄酮组腭中嵴上皮细胞表面光滑整齐、饱满膨胀,表面丝状伪足逐渐增多、延长,一直持续到腭突融合结束。结论：叶酸、白藜芦醇和α-萘黄酮均能恢复小鼠腭中嵴上皮细胞表面的超微结构,从而拮抗TCDD的致腭裂效应。     

Peroxiredoxin 1 蛋白表达与肾积水发生的相关性

目的：研究Peroxiredoxin 1（Prx1）蛋白在2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英（2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p—dioxin,TCDD）所致胎鼠。肾积水形成过程中的作用．方法：以TCDD诱导建立胎鼠肾积水动物模型,观察胎鼠肾脏、输尿管的组织学改变和超微结构改变,用WesternBlot和免疫组化检测胎鼠肾脏、输尿管Prxl蛋白的表达情况．结果：利用TCDD能成功诱导建立胎鼠。肾积水动物模型．肾积水胎鼠输尿管黏膜上皮增生,输尿管管腔狭窄．WestemBlot表明实验组胎鼠上尿路Prxl蛋白表达比对照组明显增强,免疫组化示实验组胎鼠输尿管黏膜上皮Prxl蛋白表达为阳性,而对照组呈阴性．结论：TCDD所致胎鼠输尿管黏膜上皮Prxl蛋白高表达可能与肾积水发生相关．     

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英作用下鼠胚及乳鼠心脏组织ANF mRNA的表达变化

目的 目前认为心房利钠因子或多肽(atrial natriuretic factor,ANF)mRNA的表达水平可作为心脏疾病严重程度的诊断标准,研究2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)作用下SD大鼠胎鼠及乳鼠心肌组织ANF mRNA表达变化特点,探讨TCDD是否对心脏功能产生一定影响.方法 将实验动物分为0.05、0.5、5、10 μg/kg 4个实验组,采用RT-PCR半定量法,检测对照组及TCDD实验组胎鼠及乳鼠心肌组织ANF mRNA表达的变化.结果 与对照组比较,实验组心脏组织中ANF mRNA的表达出现不同程度的增加.结论 TCDD染毒可以使胎鼠及乳鼠心脏组织ANF mRNA表达升高,从而推测TCDD可能对心脏功能产生一定的损伤.     

TGF-β2、TGF-β3启动子甲基化在TCDD诱发小鼠腭裂过程中的作用

目的:探讨转化生长因子β(TGF-β)2、TGF-β3启动子甲基化模式在2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二噁英(TC-DD)诱导腭裂发生中的作用.方法:将42只C57BL/6N孕鼠分为对照组和TCDD组,每组各21只.在妊娠第10天(GD10)暴露于64μg/kg TCDD建立腭裂小鼠模型,对照组采用等体积的玉米油灌胃.3...     

骨形成蛋白 mRNA的表达与腭裂形成之间的关系

目的 检测正常胎鼠和腭裂胎鼠的腭突中骨形成蛋白５ｍＲＮＡ表达的变化。探讨骨形成蛋白５（ＢＭＰ５）在腭裂形成中的作用。方法 采用原位杂交技术观察在不同发育时期,正常胎鼠和腭裂胎鼠腭突中ＢＭＰ５ｍＲＮＡ的表达情况。结果 正常组和腭裂组比较结果表明,妊娠期第１４日和第１５日,正常组腭突的未分化间充质细胞和上皮细胞中ＢＭＰ５ｍＲＮＡ的表达呈强阳性,而腭裂组为弱阳性,妊娠第１６月,ｍＲＮＡ的表达呈强阳性,而     

化学诱导小鼠先天性肾积水动物模型的实验研究

目的:探讨一种化学诱导小鼠先天性肾积水动物模型的方法。方法:将C57BL/6J孕鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组10只。在第12个妊娠日(GD),对照组采用玉米油灌胃,实验组采用2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(TCDD)灌胃。GD18,统计胎鼠的数量、存活率以及畸形发生情况。分析胎鼠及孕鼠各主要脏器组织学结构,电镜观察胎鼠输尿管和肾脏的超微结构。结果:GD18,对照组胎鼠的输尿管和肾脏均正常。实验组胎鼠肾积水发生率为100%(3级86.2%,4级13.8%)。实验组胎鼠下段和中段输尿管黏膜层移行上皮增生,管腔狭窄,输尿管上皮细胞核仁明显,靠边,核大,染色质丰富,异染色质少,常染色质发达;肾间质纤维化,肾小管结构模糊,上皮细胞肿胀,膜性结构破裂。对照组胎鼠肾积水发生率低于实验组。结论:TCDD所诱导的胎鼠肾积水动物模型,与人类肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻(UPJO)在病理学表现上类似,可用于UPJO发病机制与病因学等方面的研究。     

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英诱导腭裂发生中相关信号通路的作用研究进展

二噁英可导致包括腭裂在内的多种新生儿出生缺陷。2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(TCDD)作为二噁英毒性效应的代表性受试物,其毒性最强。本文就TCDD毒性相关的信号通路进行综述,并着重介绍芳香烃受体、转化生长因子-β、Wnt和表皮生长因子受体信号通路在新生儿腭裂中发挥的功能,以期全面了解TCDD毒性作用机制,并为新生儿腭裂的预防和治疗提供理论依据。     

利用三维CT重建和基因检测系统评价TCDD对小鼠面颅骨发育的致畸作用

目的 通过小鼠胚胎面颅三维计算机断层扫描重建技术，结合成骨相关基因检测系统分析2, 3, 7, 8-四氯代二苯并[b, e][1, 4]-二噁英（TCDD）对面颅骨发育的致畸作用。方法 将孕鼠分为对照组和实验组，于小鼠胚胎期第12.5天，使用TCDD （玉米油配制）按40μg/kg对实验组孕鼠单次灌胃，对照组单次灌胃等体积玉米油。收集胚胎期第13.5天和第14.5天胎鼠头颅，组织切片检测成骨相关基因的表达情况。收集两组胚胎期第18.5天小鼠胚胎头颅进行显微计算机断层扫描并三维重建，将面颅骨分块测量、对比分析。结果 TCDD造成小鼠多种面颅畸形，包括颅缝早闭、上颌骨及腭骨水平短小、翼腭突畸形及下颌下降不足。实验组小鼠下颌骨的宽度和体积明显减少，腭突的水平生长明显受损，导致垂直延伸过度，腭中缝宽大，形成腭裂。实验组小鼠腭突内，成骨分化相关基因Runx2、Osterix、Col1a1、Bmp2和Bmp4表达下调。实验组小鼠腭突内芳香烃受体水平升高，雌激素受体水平下降。结结论 TCDD能显著抑制小鼠面颅骨发育，特别是造成颅缝早闭和腭骨成骨抑制，该效应与多种成骨相关基因的异常表达相关。     

维甲酸诱导腭裂发生的过程中对TGF-β/Smad信号途径的抑制作用

目的探讨维甲酸在诱导腭裂发生过程中对Smad2磷酸化的影响,并分析其可能的致畸机制。方法建立维甲酸诱导的腭裂模型,利用HE染色观察维甲酸诱导腭裂发生的过程;应用免疫组化检测E12 d、E13 d、E14.5 d、E15 d、E15.5 d、E16 d(Ed:Embryonic day)对照组和实验组胎鼠模型腭突中嵴上皮内P-Smad2蛋白的表达。结果在腭突融合过程中,内源性的Smad2通过磷酸化能够被激活。与对照组相比,维甲酸可抑制腭突中嵴上皮中Smad2的磷酸化表达。结论维甲酸诱导腭裂的发生,与中嵴上皮细胞中Smad2磷酸化的抑制密切相关。     

胎盘四氯二苯二(噁)英表达在胰岛素样生长因子2诱导胎鼠发育异常中的作用

目的 研究四氯二苯二噁英（2，3，7，8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin，TCDD）对胎鼠生长发育的影响及与胰岛素样生长因子2（insulin-like growth factor2，IGF2）的关系。方法 经灌胃给予孕10d大鼠10μg／kg TCDD，20d剖宫取胎，比较实验组和对照组孕鼠妊娠结果，测量两组活胎的身长、体重及胎盘重；用逆转录-实时定量PCR和免疫组化方法检测两组活胎胎盘组织昭F2 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平，用甲基化敏感限制酶HpaⅡ酶切-PCR法检测两组胎盘组织IGF2基因DMR1的甲基化程度。结果 实验组死胎及吸收胎发生率为12．2％。致畸率为11．6％，活胎身长、体重及胎盘重明显低于对照组；实验组活胎胎盘组织IGF2mRNA及蛋白的表达明显高于对照组；两组IGF2基因DMRl的甲基化程度无差异。结论 孕10d给予大鼠10μg／kgTCDD灌胃可导致死胎、吸收胎、畸形胎和胎儿宫内发育迟缓（intrauterine growth retardation，I-UGR）。TCDD所致胎鼠发育异常可能与胎盘组织IGF2表达增高有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.