髋关节术后关节周围大量异位骨化的治疗

目的：通过对髋关节术后异位骨化的发生、发展及其引起的后果的分析，探讨对异位骨化的预防和治疗方法。方法：回顾2000年1月至2007年3月56例患者患者髋关节手术（其中髋臼骨折手术46例，髋关节置换术10例）的治疗方法和效果。结果：56例患者中共发生异位骨化21例，发生率37．5％。结论：髋关节术后异位骨化应早预防，早期行放射治疗或者药物治疗。非甾体类消炎药是目前公认的预防人工髋关节置换和髋臼骨折术后异位骨化形成的最有效药物。手术切除是异位骨化形成后导致严重关节功能障碍的唯一治疗手段     

95例髋臼骨折术后异位骨化局部单次放疗联合药物治疗对术后复发的预防效果

目的观察髋臼骨折术后异位骨化局部单次放疗联合药物治疗对术后复发的预防效果。方法 50例髋臼骨折者设为髋臼骨折组,45例髋臼骨折术后异位骨化者设为异位骨化组。髋臼骨折组行切开复位内固定术,异位骨化组行骨化切除术。比较2组相关临床指标。结果髋臼骨折组患者平均随访19.3个月。X线提示发生异位骨化8例,异位骨化发生率为16.0%,严重异位骨化发生率为2.0%;异位骨化组患者平均随访时间23.4个月。X线提示异位骨化复发6例。异位骨化组OHS评分较治疗前显著改善(P<0.01)。2组患者治疗期间均未出现明显不良反应。结论吲哚美辛联合局部单次放疗可降低髋臼骨折术后异位骨化的发生率以及异位骨化的严重程度,还能降低异位骨化切除术后的复发率。     

异位骨化发病机制的研究进展

异位骨化是一种病理性的骨形成，会造成受累关节的失功能，其形成受外因和内因的共同影响，有研究发现与手术及创伤、细胞因子、遗传因素以及围手术期的用药有关，但具体的发病机制目前尚不明了。成熟的异位骨化骨在组织学及影像学上表现与正常骨极其相似，动态的组织形态测定提示相对于正常骨，异位骨化骨代谢活性更高。形成异位骨化的危险因素很多，目前被广泛接受的有：严重的中枢神经损伤、长时间的昏迷、患肢的痉挛状态、患肢制动以及血清碱性磷酸酶升高。今后应加强在分子水平探讨与异位骨化形成的相关因素，为更好地预防创伤、手术后异位骨化的形成以及治疗提供支持。     

早期肢体康复训练在预防异位骨化中的作用

目的了解早期肢体康复训练在预防异位骨化 (HO)中的作用。方法采用被动肢体功能训练对两组脊髓损伤患者进行对照分析。结果治疗组 1例发生HO(3 3 % ) ,对照组 3例发生 (10 0 % ) ,(P <0 0 5 )。结论早期肢体康复训练可预防脊髓损伤患者异位骨化发生。     

早期康复护理干预对脑卒中病人异位骨化的影响研究

[目的]了解早期肢体康复护理在预防异位骨化中的作用。[方法]将90例急性脑卒中病人分为两组,对照组采用常规护理,干预组给予早期康复护理。[结果]干预组发生异位骨化者（20%）明显少于对照组（80%）。[结论]早期肢体康复护理可预防脑卒中病人异位骨化发生。     

早期康复护理干预对脑卒中病人异位骨化的影响研究

[目的]了解早期肢体康复护理在预防异位骨化中的作用.[方法]将90例急性脑卒中病人分为两组,对照组采用常规护理,干预组给予早期康复护理.[结果]干预组发生异位骨化者(20%)明显少于对照组(80%).[结论]早期肢体康复护理可预防脑卒中病人异位骨化发生.     

美洛昔康与吲哚美辛防治全髋关节置换后异位骨化的比较

背景：为了避免全髋关节置换后发生异位骨化,常使用吲哚美辛等非类固醇类消炎药进行预防治疗。 目的：对比观察美洛昔康与吲哚美辛对全髋关节置换后预防异位骨化药物的效果。 方法：收集2010至2011年广州中医药大学第一附属医院骨科收治的51例患者,其中9例患者行双侧全髋关节置换,所有患者均由同一位医师采用后外侧入路进行关节置换。根据患者置换后使用的药物不同,分为对照组及实验组,分别在置换后口服吲哚美辛缓释片25 mg/d＋奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊20 mg/d或美洛昔康片15 mg/d。 结果与结论：单独使用美洛昔康和使用吲哚美辛＋奥美拉唑对关节置换患者异位骨化的发生率、疼痛、改良D＇Aubigne和Postel评分的差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,但美洛昔康的胃肠道不良反应较少。因此,认为单独服用美洛昔康能够有效避免异位骨化的发生及缓解疼痛,可以作为预防全髋关节置换后异位骨化及疼痛的推荐用药。     

脑外伤后继发异位骨化1例及相关文献复习

目的:探讨脑外伤后继发异位骨化的临床影像特点、治疗及鉴别诊断,并复习回顾相关文献,以提高对此病例的诊治水平。方法:采用实验室指标及影像追踪对脑外伤后继发异位骨化进行观察,并复习相关文献。结果:此例患者入院行头颅CT检查,初诊为重型颅脑损伤,弥漫性轴索损伤。给予神经营养、改善循环、醒脑开窍促醒治疗,局部骨化区中药浸浴,局部按摩理疗,影像动态观察异位骨化区域变化,异位骨化未再增加,局部肌肉有所改善。结论:中西医结合是治疗脑外伤后继发异位骨化的有效方法,但后期仍需大样本观察,完善中医辨证施治。     

多发韧带术后异位骨化患者围手术期的护理

目的探讨多发韧带术后异位骨化切除术后膝关节屈膝活动度及预防复发的护理。方法对我科收治的多发韧带术后异位骨化的6例患者行手术治疗,术前行预防性局部放疗,术后根据患者隋况指导功能锻炼。结果6例多发韧带异位骨化切除术后的患者经过6个月的随访,膝关节屈膝活动度由手术前的平均51．3°达到126．6°,无一例复发异位骨化,患肢功能得到了最大的恢复,患者对效果表示满意。结论术后通过系统的护理及康复指导,并给予一定的支挣眭心理护理,使其能够积极配合治疗,从而达到满意的功能效果。     

合并异位骨化的关节功能康复治疗

目的：探讨骨关节手术后合并异位骨化患者的康复治疗方法。方法：对15例关节手术后合并较小范围异位骨化的关节功能障碍的患者，用X光片、B超检查异位骨化的范围；检测血沉、血液碱性磷酸酶和C反应蛋白，判断骨化活动情况，视情况进行适当的关节牵伸和关节松动治疗及冷疗、中药外敷等治疗，观察异位骨化的变化。结果：治疗前后膝关节活动范围有显著差异，平均角度进展31.16°（P＜0.01），肘关节伸直角度平均进展15°，肘关节屈曲进展41.67°。同时X线片和B超检查异位骨化范围无明显变化。结论：关节手术后合并异位骨化的患者在监测下采用关节牵伸和松动，并配合冷疗、中药外敷等综合治疗，可以逐步改善关节功能而不引起骨化范围扩大。     

Current therapy in the management of heterotopic ossification of the elbow: a review with case studies.

Heterotopic ossification, or the appearance of ectopic bone in para-articular soft tissues after surgery, immobilization, or trauma, complicates the surgical and physiatric management of injured joints. The chief symptoms of heterotopic ossification are joint and muscle pain and a compromised range of motion. Current therapies for prevention or treatment of heterotopic ossification include surgery, physical therapy, radiation therapy, and medical management. Unlike heterotopic ossification of the hip, heterotopic ossification of the elbow has not been extensively investigated, leaving its optimal management ill-defined. To remedy this deficiency, we review risk factors, clinical anatomy, physical findings, proposed mechanisms, and current practice for treatment and prevention of heterotopic ossification. We then consider and draw conclusions from four cases of elbow injury treated at our institutions (three complicated by heterotopic ossification) in which treatment included surgery, radiation therapy, physical therapy, and medical therapy. We summarize our institutional practices and conclude with a call for a randomized clinical trial to better define optimal management of heterotopic ossification of the elbow.     

获得性异位骨化动物模型的系统综述

目的 系统综述获得性异位骨化(AHO)相关动物模型,为研究疾病防治方案提供可靠造模方法。方法 检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库自建库至2021年11月AHO动物模型相关文献,筛选并提取文献关键内容,采用文献归纳法对各型AHO动物模型进行分析与评价。结果 最终共纳入20篇动物实验研究相关文献,可归纳为创伤后和神经源性两大类异位骨化动物模型,用于模拟AHO的发生发展过程。创伤后异位骨化动物模型主要有肌肉损伤、跟腱切断、肌肉损伤联合关节制动、髋关节损伤、异位植入、爆炸伤和烧伤7种。神经源性异位骨化动物模型主要包括脊髓损伤和脑外伤。目前实验室中常用跟腱切断法和成骨因子植入法造模,此类方法可靠、易行、成功率高,但无法准确解释临床中复杂条件下异位骨化的发病机制。基于爆炸伤、烧伤、神经损伤等条件下造模方法正在完善,为临床研究某些特殊病因所致异位骨化的分子生物学机制及防治方案提供了支持。结论 目前存在的几种造模方法各有利弊,但均无法完整复制人类异位骨化的全部特征,因此,临床上在判定模型的选择方面尚无统一标准。针对疾病的不同病因,选用合适的动物模型,对不同类型AHO在早期制定有效干预措施至关重要。     

Heterotopic ossification in patients after total hip replacement

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is defined as pathological bone formation in soft tissues, for example in muscles, where physiologically there is no osseous tissue present. It is one of the most common complications of total hip joint replacement surgery. A wide variety of risk factors for heterotopic ossification have been identified to date. Almost 90% of total hip arthroplasty patients are at high risk for HO. There are two primary methods of preventing heterotopic ossification: pharmacotherapy with NSAIDs (non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs) and radiotherapy. Symptomatic heterotopic ossifications are treated by extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and surgery, followed by NSAID pharmacotherapy or radiotherapy. The arterioles adjacent to areas of heterotopic ossification are usually embolized prior to the operation. This article describes the state of the art in the prevention and treatment of heterotopic ossifications based on the available literature.     

塞来昔布预防全髋关节置换后的异位骨化

背景:目前吲哚美辛已作为预防全髋关节置换后异位骨化的常用药物,但是该药物常伴有严重不良胃肠道反应,而塞来昔布作为COX-2特异性抑制剂理论上胃肠道不良反应发生较少,但其预防全髋关节置换后异位骨化的作用目前尚缺乏研究。目的:观察COX-2特异性抑制剂塞来昔布预防全髋关节置换后异位骨化的效果,为伴有胃肠道症状患者的临床用药提供依据。方法:选取2010-12/2011-05行全髋关节置换患者50例,年龄55~72(65.40±3.24)岁,左髋19例,右髋31例。随机分为塞来昔布组25例和吲哚美辛组25例,分别给予塞来昔布200mg/d或吲哚美辛75mg/d,连续服用6周。结果与结论:塞来昔布组异位骨化发生率为12.0%,吲哚美辛组异位骨化发生率为16.0%,两组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。Harris髋关节功能评分优良率塞来昔布组与吲哚美辛组分别为88.0%,76.0%,两组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。胃肠道不良反应发生率塞来昔布组和吲哚美辛组分别为16.0%,36.0%,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.039)。结果可见塞来昔布预防全髋关节置换后异位骨化是可行的,并且胃肠道不良反应发生率较低。     

Heterotopic ossification in children with burns: two case reports.

Heterotopic ossification is the formation of ectopic bone in soft tissue, and has been reported as a rare complication in pediatric burn patients. At our hospital, two 86% body surface area burn patients developed heterotopic ossification in the shoulder, elbows, distal femur, proximal tibia, fibula, and ribs approximately four months after the burn injury. These two rare and unusual cases are presented documenting the clinical involvement, radiological studies, laboratory data, as well as treatment of their heterotopic ossification. Discussion will focus on the incidence, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of heterotopic ossification in burn patients and how this information relates to the specific diagnosis and management of the complication of heterotopic ossification in the burn child.     

Warfarin in prevention of heterotopic ossification.

Patients with spinal cord injuries among others, commonly develop neurogenic heterotopic ossification. Current treatment with Didronel (disodium etidronate) inhibits bone matrix mineralization but not matrix production. To eliminate much morbidity and cost, a more efficatious prophylactic treatment is desirable. Because one of the proteins in bone, osteocalcin, is produced by a vitamin K-dependent carboxylation, this raises the possibility that treatment with warfarin may prevent the formation of ectopic bone. In the present study, 227 cases of spinal cord injury were reviewed. Among these patients, 15% were treated with warfarin and another 15% developed heterotopic ossification. None of the patients who were treated with warfarin developed heterotopic ossification, thus suggesting that warfarin may inhibit heterotopic ossification. Further prospective studies are planned.     

Heterotopic ossification in rehabilitation patients who have had internal fixation of an acetabular fracture

High-energy trauma patients often have multiple injuries and are frequently seen by a physiatrist following their acute care. Acetabular fractures are common in this patient population. Following surgical treatment of acetabular fractures, a very high incidence of heterotopic ossification can occur. We describe 94 patients who underwent posterior surgical fixation of an acetabular fracture. Of these, 87 received heterotopic ossification prophylaxis in the form of irradiation or indomethacin; 5 did not receive prophylaxis. Seven of the 45 patients who were initially started on indomethacin had their medication discontinued for various reasons. Of the 12 patients who did not receive adequate prophylaxis, 5 developed disabling heterotopic ossification. We present our experience with this patient population, and we discuss the importance of adequate prophylaxis for heterotopic ossification.     

Management of Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification: Three case histories to illustrate the role of physiotherapy

Neurogenic heterotopic ossification is a process of abnormal bone formation of multi-factorial aetiology. It occurs at varying sites to produce deformity and restriction of joint movement, and has a major impact on physical ability. There is extensive literature on the medical management of heterotopic ossification, but the role of physiotherapy is poorly described.This article aims to illustrate the importance of proactive physiotherapy in the team management and treatment of this condition. The authors show that physiotherapy is not contra-indicated in the presence of neurogenic heterotopic ossification and illustrate how interventions for improving range of movement can be used. The authors suggest that integrated team management was essential to the successful outcomes in these complex cases.