非接触心内膜激动标测系统指导左房消融治疗阵发性心房颤动

探讨非接触心内膜激动标测系统 (EnSite30 0 0 NavX)引导下左房消融治疗阵发性心房颤动 (简称房颤 )的可行性和临床疗效。对 4例阵发性房颤患者采用EnSite30 0 0 NavX建立左房、肺静脉的三维立体图 ,并在距离肺静脉口 1～ 2cm处于左房后壁描记两环 (一环包括左上、下肺静脉 ,另一环包括右上、下肺静脉 )、两线 (一线为左房后顶部两环之间 ,另一线为左环至二尖瓣峡部连线 )作为消融隔离线 ,于非X线下分别沿各线依次消融。结果 :4例房颤全部终止 ,无并发症发生 ,手术时间 15 1.3± 2 3.2min ,X线曝光时间 2 2 .0± 6 .8min ,术后 6个月内均未复发房颤。结论 :非接触心内膜标测系统指导下的左房消融是治疗阵发性房颤的有效而安全的方法。     

CARTO3三维标测系统快速解剖建模在阵发性心房颤动射频消融术中的应用

目的:探讨CARTO3三维标测系统快速解剖建模在阵发性心房颤动(房颤)射频消融术中的安全性及有效性。方法 :2013-01至2015-07连续入选诊断为阵发性房颤行射频消融治疗的患者共120例,随机分为对照组(60例)、治疗组(60例),均用CARTO 3系统进行标测。对照组:选择性肺静脉造影后,常规点对点方式构建左心房模型引导阵发性房颤的射频消融;治疗组:选择性肺静脉造影后,术中用快速解剖建模方式构建左心房模型作为阵发性房颤消融过程中标测与消融电极的路标指导消融。两组患者术中其余操作步骤及方法,如穿刺房间隔及环肺静脉消融等步骤均相同。分别记录两组手术操作时间,X线曝光时间,成功率及并发症的发生率。结果:120例入选的阵发性房颤患者均顺利完成了阵发性房颤的消融治疗。与对照组比较,治疗组左心房建模时间延长(8.5±3.6)min vs(5.2±2.3)min,而肺静脉定口时间(12.0±5.6)min vs(25.0±8.4)min、环肺静脉消融时间(95.0±22.0)min vs(115.0±25.0)min、X线曝光时间(15.0±6.3)min vs(24.0±5.5)min缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。两组手术成功率及并发症的发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:CARTO3快速解剖建模指导阵发性房颤的射频消融治疗是安全、有效的,可减少术中X线曝光时间及手术操作时间,对阵发性房颤的射频消融具有重要的指导意义。     

经导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动的疗效和安全性

目的 探讨经导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)的有效性与安全性.方法 42例阵发性房颤患者采用节段性消融肺静脉电隔离术或三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔离术两种不同方法进行经导管射频消融治疗,术后进行随访,观察其疗效和安全性.结果 42例患者中,25例(59.52%)经导管消融成功.4例(9.52%)有效,13例(30.95%)无效,4例(9.52%)出现并发症,无死亡病例.节段性消融肺静脉电隔离术平均手术时间为(235.50±38.01)min,X曝光时间为(74.35±12.73)min;三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔离平均手术时间为(163.18±24.76)min,X曝光时间为(36.90±8.06)min.结论 经导管射频消融治疗阵发性房颤对大部分患者是有效的,三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔离术的手术时间和X曝光时间短于节段性消融肺静脉电隔离术.     

单纯三维电解剖标测系统指导与图像融合技术辅助下环肺静脉线性消融治疗心房颤动的临床对比分析

目的 评价三维电解剖(Carto)标测系统合并图像融合(Merge)技术指导下行环肺静脉线性消融术治疗心房颤动(房颤)的临床疗效,并与单纯用Carto系统治疗组比较.方法 回顾性分析2005年3月至2007年1月间接受导管射频消融术的连续68例房颤患者,其中单纯 Carto标测系统指导下手术患者11例(A组), Carto-Merge技术指导下手术患者57例.消融策略先行左房肺静脉电隔离,必要时加行左房碎裂电位消融 左房顶部、底部、峡部 右房三尖瓣峡部、上腔静脉、冠状静脉窦口部消融.结果 A组平均X线透视时间56.24±13.92 min,平均随访15.08±1.82个月,7例(57.14%)术后3个月生活质量明显改善,无房颤发作;其中阵发性房颤手术成功率为60%,2例接受第二次消融后治愈.B组平均X线透视时间33.32±13.84 min,平均随访8.97±6.28个月,51例(89.47%)术后3个月生活质量明显改善,无房颤发作;其中阵发性房颤手术成功率达95.12%;其X线透视时间,总体及阵发性房颤手术成功率均与A组有明显差异;B组中3例扩张型心肌病和1例肥厚型心肌病房颤消融成功,术后心功能明显改善.结论 在Carto-Merge技术指导下行环肺静脉线性消融术治疗房颤能提高手术效率及成功率,进一步减少X线曝光时间.左房肺静脉电隔离 左房碎裂电位消融 左房顶部、底部、峡部 右房三尖瓣峡部、上腔静脉、冠状窦口的消融可能通过改良心房基质而提高房颤手术成功率.     

非接触三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔离治疗心房颤动

目的:探讨非接触三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔离治疗心房颤动(房颤)的可行性和临床疗效。方法:药物治疗无效或不能耐受的房颤患者25例,采用非接触三维标测系统建立左心房、肺静脉的三维等时电势图和电解剖图,并在距离肺静脉口1~2cm处行环肺静脉及其周围组织电隔离。消融终点为:①完成所有环肺静脉消融径线;②全部肺静脉均达电隔离;③阴性诱发结果。结果:①25例患者均达到消融终点;②手术的总操作时间和X线曝光时间分别为(161.3±23.2)min和(38.0±6.8)min;③随访4~12个月,18例(72.0%)无房颤发作;7例(28.0%)有房颤复发,其中2例因其发作次数及时间均较术前明显减少未再消融,用胺碘酮治疗可控制(术前胺碘酮治疗无效),5例行第2次消融,术中均发现肺静脉电位有不同程度的恢复,第2次术后3例无再发,2例仍有房颤发作但未再消融,用胺碘酮治疗可控制。④术中及随访期间无任何与操作相关的并发症。结论:非接触三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉电隔离是治疗房颤有效而安全的方法。     

EnSite NavX指导下无肺静脉造影的阵发性心房颤动导管消融术

目的探讨不作肺静脉造影行阵发性心房颤动(房颤)环肺静脉电隔离术的有效性和可行性。方法 34例阵发性房颤患者分为无肺静脉造影组(n=18)和肺静脉造影组(n=16),无肺静脉造影组不作肺静脉造影,余步骤与肺静脉造影组相同,两组均在EnSiteNavX三维标测系统指导下重建左心房及肺静脉,再分别行左、右环肺静脉电隔离术,消融终点为肺静脉与心房完全电隔离。结果无肺静脉造影组消融术时间[(92.78±19.46)minvs.(106.44±20.18)min,P0.05]及X-线曝光时间[(11.47±4.32)minvs.(16.06±8.72)min,P0.05]少于肺静脉造影组,差异有统计学意义。两组左心房三维重建时间[(6.22±2.65)minvs.(6.31±3.00)min,P0.05]、左、右侧环肺静脉消融时间[(21.61±7.66)minvs.(20.50±8.09)min,P0.05;(17.33±10.22)minvs.(17.48±7.86)min,P0.05]及即刻消融成功率[100%(18/18)vs.100%(16/16),P0.05]比较,差异无统计学意义。结论不作肺静脉造影,仅在三维标测系统指导下行房颤消融治疗,可达到相同消融效果,可节省消融术及X-线曝光时间,减少手术步骤、耗材和费用。     

三维标测与肺静脉环状标测联合应用于心房颤动导管消融术

目的　探讨左心房三维电解剖标测与肺静脉环状标测联合指导下行心房颤动 (房颤 )导管消融术治疗房颤的可行性。方法　连续 14例药物治疗无效的房颤患者 ,男 10例 ,女 4例 ,平均年龄 5 2 4± 12 8(2 8～ 74 )岁 ,平均左心房内径 4 6 7± 5 4mm。其中阵发性房颤 10例、永久性房颤 3例、持续性房颤 1例。首先在三维标测系统指导下行左心房基质改良术 ,然后在肺静脉环状标测指导下行肺静脉节段性消融术。消融终点包括以下三点 :(1)完成所有预设的左心房消融径线 ;(2 )全部肺静脉均达电隔离 ;(3)阴性诱发结果。结果　 (1) 10例 (71 4 % )阵发性房颤达到消融终点 ;(2 )手术的总操作时间和X线曝光时间分别为 2 92± 4 9min和 5 4± 9min ;(3)随访 5 2± 5 7(1～ 2 3)周 ,7例 (5 0 % )阵发性房颤患者可以无需抗心律失常药物而维持窦性心律 ,3例 (2 1 4 % )阵发性房颤发作显著减少 ,4例 (2 8 6 % )持续性 永久性房颤仍为房颤 ;(4 )术中及随访期无任何操作相关并发症。结论　左心房三维标测与肺静脉环状标测联合应用于房颤的导管消融术安全可行 ,对于左心房增大的阵发性房颤患者具有一定效果     

双Lasso导管和三维标测指导下环肺静脉线性隔离术治疗心房颤动

目的在双Lasso导管和三维标测指导下环肺静脉线性消融并彻底隔离肺静脉以治疗心房颤动(简称房颤)。方法28例房颤患者接受射频消融治疗,其中阵发性房颤12例,持续性房颤16例。所有患者首先利用三维电解剖标测系统(CARTO)进行左房重建,然后将两根Lasso导管同时置入右(左)上下肺静脉内,在肺静脉口外0.5~1cm左右行环肺静脉线性消融,消融终点为左房-肺静脉完全性传导阻滞。结果28例均电隔离成功,肺静脉完成隔离后,共86.6%(97/112)的肺静脉内可见缓慢自律性电活动。手术时间205±67min,X线透视时间27±16min,无并发症发生。术后随访8.5±3.7个月,23例无房颤复发,总成功率82.1%。结论双Lasso导管和三维标测指导下有明确电学隔离指标的环肺静脉线性消融术治疗房颤安全而有效。     

三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动

目的 探讨三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动的安全性和有效性.方法 阵发性心房颤动92例和持续性或永久性心房颤动36例,接受环肺静脉消融术.采用Carto电解剖标测系统,进行环肺静脉左心房线性消融,消融终点为肺静脉电隔离.手术结束时对心律仍为心房颤动者行同步直流电心脏复律.结果 完成"解剖学"环形消融线256条,其中58.6%达到电隔离肺静脉的终点,经寻找缝隙补充消融后最终248条(96.9%)消融线达到终点.手术时间(231±45)min、X线曝光时间(42±13)min和放电时间(66±17)min.术后随访平均10个月,无复发101例(78.9%).接受了再次手术15例,心内电生理检查证实14例有左心房-肺静脉传导,射频消融成功并随访30～270 d,两次射频消融术后总成功率为87.5%,其中阵发性心房颤动成功率为93.0%,持续性或永久性心房颤动为76.7%.并发症发生率为6.2%,包括心包填塞2例、小脑梗死2例、股静脉穿刺部位血肿1例和左侧大量血胸1例,经治疗后均痊愈.结论 以肺静脉电隔离为目标的环肺静脉消融术治疗心房颤动有效和安全.     

用非接触心内膜激动标测系统标测阵发性心房颤动左房激动途径的探讨

心房颤动（房颤）机制复杂.我们用非接触心内膜激动标测系统（EnSite3000）标测阵发性房颤在左房的激动途径,以探讨左房房颤的机制,为房颤的消融治疗提供指导.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.