基于CiteSpace及VOSviewer的2019新型冠状病毒研究热点的可视化分析

目的探索2019新型冠状病毒的研究现状、热点及变化趋势。方法计算机检索中英文数据库,中文数据库以中国知网(CNKI)为数据来源,英文数据库以Pubmed为数据来源,时间限定为2019-2020年(具体检索日期为2020年2月7日),收集所有关于2019新型冠状病毒是相关研究。再利用可视化软件CiteSpace 5.6.R2及VOSviewer通过共现网络分析方法对作者、发文机构及高频关键词进行聚类分析,探索和分析国内外新型冠状病毒的研究热点和前沿。结果计算机检索共获得中文文献132篇,英文文献103篇。通过共现分析的研究结果显示,中文研究作者分为两大团体,但团体与团体之间的相互合作很少;英文文献的研究作者分为8大聚类团体,第一作者均为国内作者并与少数的国外研究者有合作关系;中文文献发表的作者各机构之间的合作力度也相对缺乏,英文文献发表的作者机构与美国、新加坡有合作关系;中文文献主要关键词有"冠状病毒"、"感染防控"、"医院感染"、"防护"等,英文文献关键词包括"Coronavirus"、"2019-nCoV"、"Epidemiology"、"Coronavirus infections"、"Wuhan"、"China"、"Pneumonia"等。结论国内研究的研究热点集中在2019新型冠状病毒的感染防控和防护措施等内容,并向儿童的发病情况、新冠肺炎的抗病毒药物及相关指南的领域扩展;研究关于2019新型冠状病毒在武汉甚至中国及全球暴发的流行病学研究、新型冠状病毒肺炎的诊断等方面是主流问题,并向新型冠状病毒的分子学研究扩展。     

中国老年人接种23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗效果的Meta分析

目的系统评价中国老年人接种23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(PPV23)后预防呼吸系统相关疾病的有效性。方法系统检索中国学术期刊数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、Pub Med、Embase和Web of Science等中英文数据库,收集从建库至2020年5月15日的关于中国老年人接种PPV23的文献,采用相对危险度(RR)及其95%置信区间(95%CI)为效应指标进行Meta分析,采用敏感性分析检验结局指标的稳定性,采用漏斗图检验发表偏倚。结果初期共检索文献1 406篇,最终纳入文献9篇,研究类型均为队列研究。共纳入14 604人,其中暴露组7 656人,对照组6 948人。Meta分析结果显示,暴露组与对照组肺炎发病率(RR=0.28,95%CI:0.14～0.54,P0.001)和呼吸道感染率(RR=0.71,95%CI:0.60～0.84,P0.001)差异有统计学意义,气管炎发病率差异无统计学意义(RR=0.46,95%CI:0.18～1.18,P=0.106)。漏斗图显示存在发表偏倚。敏感性分析显示研究结果稳定。结论中国老年人接种PPV23能降低肺炎发病率和呼吸道感染率。     

基于纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表对中国吸烟队列研究文献的质量评价

  目的  对中国人群吸烟相关队列研究文献进行质量评价。  方法  在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网中检索中国人群吸烟与疾病发生/死亡的队列研究中的中、英文文献。采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale, NOS)评价并对比中、英文文献质量。对比“加强流行病学中观察性研究报告质量”(Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, STROBE)发布前后的NOS评分。  结果  99项NOS评分中,75.76%的研究以英文形式发表,且发表量逐年增加。总得分的中位数和四分位数间距为8.0(7.0, 9.0)分,主要失分项为暴露组代表性、随访时间和随访完整性。英文文献的质量相对较高,尤其表现在组间可比性和随访完整性方面。STROBE声明发表后,NOS得分整体升高,特别地,组间可比性得分升高;此外,中、英文文献分别在结局指标测量和暴露组代表性上有提升。  结论  中国人群中关于吸烟与疾病的研究呈增长趋势,且质量不断提高,以英文文献为主,部分条目报告不足,未来需进一步提高研究报告质量。     

青少年视力防控2007-2016年文献计量与网络资料分析

探讨国内外青少年视力防控研究的现状及特点,为制定科学的青少年视力保护措施提供基础数据.方法 在中国知网、万方数据库和Web of Science核心集数据库中以主题词检索方式,在维普期刊数据库采用题名或关键词检索方式,借助NoteExpress 3.2,SATI 3.2,SPSS 17.0和Ucinet 6.0等软件,对有关青少年视力防控研究的中英文期刊论文运用文献计量学和社会网络分析方法进行分析.结果 中文和英文文献量均呈现地域分布不均衡的特点,发文量较多的地区大多经济较发达或高度发达;中文和英文文献的主要产文机构是大学.国内外高影响力文献主要研究内容是青少年近视的患病现状、影响因素和干预,2008年是青少年视力防控研究成果最丰硕的年份.中文文献主要集中于近视的预防和影响因素研究,英文文献则主要针对近视的流行病学情况进行研究;在数量上,中文文献发表量明显多于英文文献;从增长速度来看,前者增速明显高于后者,且两者各年份波动幅度不一致.中文文献尚未形成核心作者群,英文文献已形成.中文文献大多发表在专门反映青少年卫生的杂志,英文文献多倾向于发表在专业的眼科及视光学领域杂志.结论 青少年近视防控研究的论文发表数量还有待提升,经济欠发达国家和我国西部地区需要加强青少年视力防控的研究,国内需要加快核心作者群的形成.     

基于Cite Space的中国医药卫生体制改革研究分析

目的通过对英文期刊发表的中国医药卫生体制改革文章进行分析,了解英文期刊发表的中国医药卫生体制改革相关文献的研究趋势。方法文章以Scopus数据库为文献来源,对英文期刊发表的中国医药卫生体制改革2009-2018年间的文献通过可视化软件Cite Space从年代分布、关键词、研究热点、研究前沿等方面进行统计分析。结果共检出186篇中国医药卫生体制改革相关文献,文献数量近10年呈上升趋势,研究热点有医患关系、公立医院、社区卫生服务和医疗保险,目前的研究还比较分散,尚未形成核心作者群。结论中国医药卫生体制改革研究总体呈现良好的发展趋势,研究多集中在医疗和医保改革领域,英文期刊发表的中国医药卫生体制改革文献为国内学者研究我国医疗体制改革提供了新视角。     

ICU耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌感染危险因素的Meta分析

目的 系统评估我国医院重症监护室(ICU)内发生耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)感染的危险因素。方法 计算机检索PubMed、知网、万方等中英文数据库,搜集中国医院ICU内耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌感染危险因素病例对照研究的文献,检索时限从2010年1月1日-2021年8月1日。完成文献筛选后应用RevMan 5.3软件及stata16软件进行Meta分析。结果 排除不符合标准文献及重复文献,最终纳入18篇文献,其中中文文献17篇,英文文献1篇,病例组1 100例,对照组2 570例。Meta分析结果显示,共有23个独立危险因素,其中疾病类有7个,临床处置类有6个,抗生素使用类有10个,疾病类危险因素中心血管疾病,临床处置中留置中心静脉管,抗生素使用中抗菌药物应用时间≥7 d OR值分别为2.07(95%CI1.23～2.39)、1.57(95%CI1.08～2.27)、3.92(95%CI2.86～5.37)。结论 基础疾病类、其他细菌感染、抗菌药物的应用、住院时间、有创通气等均为耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌感染的危险因素。临床应根据患者的感染相关因素采用针对性防治措施,结合患者过往病...     

2010—2022年疫苗稳定性研究热点及趋势可视化分析

目的 分析并追踪疫苗稳定性研究领域的热点和未来发展趋势,为疫苗稳定性研究提供参考。方法 选取中国知网、万方、维普和Web of science核心数据库,以疫苗和稳定性为主题词,2010年1月1日至2023年1月1日为时间限定,检索相关文献。运用CiteSpace6.1.R3软件对文献的数量、作者、机构,高频关键词、突现词以及时间线方面进行可视化分析。结果 本次共纳入中文文献3 253篇,英文文献4941篇,发文数量均呈上升趋势;中文文献发表数量最多的机构为南京农业大学,发表英文文献最权威的机构为堪萨斯大学;发表中文文献数量最多的研究人员是张春杰、李玉华,英文文献发表数量最多的是ZHANG Y;出现频次最高的中文关键词为稳定性,英文关键词为in vivo;中文关键词得到10个聚类标签,英文得到9个;中文文献近3年的突现词强度最大的是非洲猪瘟病毒,英文文献中是coronavirus。结论 未来研究应更加关注疫苗稳定性的方法技术和机制原理方面,以提高疫苗的可及性和成果效益。     

动物冠状病毒感染特征与跨种传播研究进展

目的 总结动物冠状病毒感染特征及其跨种传播机制,为防治动物源性冠状病毒导致的新发传染性疾病提供参考.方法 以"冠状病毒"、"动物"、"感染"、"跨种传播"为主题词检索中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed数据库,检索日期截至2020年6月30日,共检索到中文文献910篇,英文文献1 374篇,排除重复文献与非相关研究后对1...     

肺炎链球菌疾病及其预防

肺炎链球菌是细菌感染性疾病的主要病原菌，它可以引起肺炎、脑膜炎、败血症和中耳炎等疾病。近年来，肺炎链球菌对抗生素耐药情况日渐严重，为临床治疗肺炎链球菌感染提出了挑战。肺炎链球菌疫苗和静脉兔疫球蛋白等预防措施正逐渐引起人们的重视。本文就肺炎链球菌疾病的流行、肺炎链球菌耐药、疫苗和其它预防措施介绍如下。１肺炎链球菌疾病肺炎链球菌疾病在２岁以下婴幼儿和老年人中的发病率最高。在美国，非白种人，尤其是黑人和土著人，肺炎链球菌感染的发病率较高（１、２）。慢性病或免疫功能失调患者，例如慢性心肺疾病、糖尿病、酒…     

基于CiteSpace软件的呼吸机技术热点研究

目的 通过对关于呼吸机技术研究的文献计量进行分析,探讨目前呼吸机技术研究的热点和趋势.方法 检索中国期刊全文数据库CNKI和Web of Science(WOS)2011—2020年关于呼吸机技术研究的相关文献,利用CiteSpace软件对高频关键词进行文献计量可视化分析.结果 该研究共纳入中文文献217篇和英文文献9...     

Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age

OBJECTIVE: Clinical pneumonia (defined as respiratory infections associated with clinical signs of pneumonia, principally pneumonia and bronchiolitis) in children under five years of age is still the leading cause of childhood mortality in the world. In this paper we aim to estimate the worldwide incidence of clinical pneumonia in young children. METHODS: Our estimate for the developing world is based on an analysis of published data on the incidence of clinical pneumonia from community based longitudinal studies. Among more than 2000 studies published since 1961, we identified 46 studies that reported the incidence of clinical pneumonia, and 28 of these met pre-defined quality criteria. FINDINGS: The estimate of the median incidence from those studies was 0.28 episodes per child-year (e/cy). The 25-75% interquartile range was 0.21-0.71. We assessed the plausibility of this estimate using estimates of global mortality from acute respiratory infections and reported case fatality rates for all episodes of clinical pneumonia reported in community-based studies or the case-fatality rate reported only for severe cases and estimates of the proportion of severe cases occurring in a defined population or community. CONCLUSION: The overlap between the ranges of the estimates implies that a plausible incidence estimate of clinical pneumonia for developing countries is 0.29 e/cy. This equates to an annual incidence of 150.7 million new cases, 11-20 million (7-13%) of which are severe enough to require hospital admission. In the developed world no comparable data are available. However, large population-based studies report that the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among children less than five years old is approximately 0.026 e/cy, suggesting that more than 95% of all episodes of clinical pneumonia in young children worldwide occur in developing countries.     

Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer in Japan and China

In preparation for a collaborative multidisciplinary study of the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer, the authors reviewed the published literature to identify similarities and differences between Japan and China in esophageal cancer epidemiology. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histologic type, while the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma remains extremely low in both countries. Numerous epidemiologic studies in both countries show that alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are contributing risk factors for ESCC. There are differences, however, in many aspects of esophageal cancer between Japan and China, including cancer burden, patterns of incidence and mortality, sex ratio of mortality, risk factor profiles, and genetic variants. Overall incidence and mortality rates are higher in China than in Japan, and variation in mortality and incidence patterns is greater in China than in Japan. During the study period (1987–2000), the decline in age-adjusted mortality rates was more apparent in China than in Japan. Risk factor profiles differed between high- and low-incidence areas within China, but not in Japan. The association of smoking and drinking with ESCC risk appears to be weaker in China than in Japan. Genome-wide association studies in China showed that variants in several chromosome regions conferred increased risk, but only genetic variants in alcohol-metabolizing genes were significantly associated with ESCC risk in Japan. A well-designed multidisciplinary epidemiologic study is needed to examine the role of diet and eating habits in ESCC risk.Key words: esophageal cancer, epidemiology, risk factor     

儿童腺病毒肺炎临床研究进展

腺病毒肺炎是我国儿童常见的急性呼吸道疾病,也是目前造成儿童死亡的重要原因之一。为引起临床医生的重视,降低儿童腺病毒肺炎的发病率和病死率,此文就儿童腺病毒肺炎的最新研究进展展开叙述。     

Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia

Childhood pneumonia is the leading single cause of mortality in children aged less than 5 years. The incidence in this age group is estimated to be 0.29 episodes per child-year in developing and 0.05 episodes per child-year in developed countries. This translates into about 156 million new episodes each year worldwide, of which 151 million episodes are in the developing world. Most cases occur in India (43 million), China (21 million) and Pakistan (10 million), with additional high numbers in Bangladesh, Indonesia and Nigeria (6 million each). Of all community cases, 7-13% are severe enough to be life-threatening and require hospitalization. Substantial evidence revealed that the leading risk factors contributing to pneumonia incidence are lack of exclusive breastfeeding, undernutrition, indoor air pollution, low birth weight, crowding and lack of measles immunization. Pneumonia is responsible for about 19% of all deaths in children aged less than 5 years, of which more than 70% take place in sub-Saharan Africa and south-east Asia. Although based on limited available evidence, recent studies have identified Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and respiratory syncytial virus as the main pathogens associated with childhood pneumonia.     

我国三甲医院呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率现状调研

目的回顾性分析2014年-2019年我国三甲医院呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率情况及变化趋势，为政策制定提供参考。方法从国家护理质量数据平台获取2014年—2019年305所三甲医院呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率数据，使用Stata 14.0软件进行分析。结果2014年—2019年，我国三甲医院呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率呈逐年下降趋势。中部和西部地区医院呼吸机相关性肺炎发生风险高于东部地区；编制床位数为＞1 000张～≤2 000张医院呼吸机相关性肺炎发生风险高于≤1 000张床位医院；呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率呈现季节性变化。结论我国三甲医院呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率仍有改进空间，可从地区差异、床位规模以及季节性变化三方面入手制定干预措施。     

中国2005—2019年0~14岁儿童肺炎死亡趋势分析

  目的  了解中国近15年0~14岁儿童肺炎死亡率及变化趋势, 为制定儿童肺炎防治策略提供参考依据。  方法  利用2005—2019年卫生统计年鉴中的城乡居民死亡数据, 提取城乡0~14岁儿童肺炎死亡率并计算标化死亡率, 利用Joinpoint回归模型拟合死亡率变化趋势。  结果  城市和农村儿童肺炎死亡粗率均呈增加趋势, 标化死亡率总体呈波动下降趋势。Joinpoint回归显示中国城乡儿童肺炎标化死亡率均为单调下降趋势, 无转折点。城市儿童肺炎标化死亡率总体APC为-3.4, 男童为-3.5, 女童为-3.5, 其中城市儿童总体及城市男童标化死亡率年度变化趋势差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。农村儿童肺炎标化死亡率总体APC为-7.8, 男童为-7.1, 女童为-7.8, 差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。城市和农村儿童组间变化趋势差异无统计学意义。  结论  2005—2019年间中国城乡儿童肺炎死亡率总体处于下降趋势, 城乡死亡率变化趋势较平衡。今后还需持续加强对儿童肺炎的干预措施, 降低儿童肺炎死亡率。     

Optimizing antibiotics policy in the Netherlands. VI. SWAB advice: no selective decontamination of intensive care patients on mechanical ventilation

The Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (Dutch acronym is SWAB) has issued a guideline in which the pro and cons of the routine use of selective decontamination (SD) in patients in intensive care (IC) on mechanical ventilation are compared in order to decide whether SD is indicated. The effectiveness of SD in IC patients was evaluated in 28 prospective, randomized studies. In most studies a significant reduction in the incidence of pneumonia was demonstrated. The incidence of pneumonia in the control groups varied from 5 to 85%. The reduction in the incidence of pneumonia seems to have no effect on duration of mechanical ventilation and IC unit stay or the use of antibiotics. No effect on IC mortality was demonstrated. However, only major reductions could have been demonstrated with the size of the studies carried out so far. A significant reduction of about 20% was suggested in two meta-analyses. The validity of these meta-analyses is questionable. Based on the data available, it is not possible to reach the conclusion that SD will be cost-effective. The size of the studies is too small and the study duration too short to prove that the use of SD, if applied on a large scale, might not eventually lead to development of resistance. Selection of micro-organisms that are already intrinsically resistant or had already acquired resistance to one of the agents used, has been demonstrated. In the absence of clearly demonstrated advantages (decrease in mortality, reduction in the use of antibiotics, cost-effectiveness), the routine use of SD in IC patients on mechanical ventilation is not recommended.     

Breastfeeding for reducing the risk of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children under two: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Background

Suboptimal breastfeeding practices among infants and young children <24 months of age are associated with elevated risk of pneumonia morbidity and mortality. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the protective effects of breastfeeding exposure against pneumonia incidence, prevalence, hospitalizations and mortality.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review of studies assessing the risk of selected pneumonia morbidity and mortality outcomes by varying levels of breastfeeding exposure among infants and young children <24 months of age. We used random effects meta-analyses to generate pooled effect estimates by outcome, age and exposure level.

Results

Suboptimal breastfeeding elevated the risk of pneumonia morbidity and mortality outcomes across age groups. In particular, pneumonia mortality was higher among not breastfed compared to exclusively breastfed infants 0-5 months of age (RR: 14.97; 95% CI: 0.67-332.74) and among not breastfed compared to breastfed infants and young children 6-23 months of age (RR: 1.92; 95% CI: 0.79-4.68).

Conclusions

Our results highlight the importance of breastfeeding during the first 23 months of life as a key intervention for reducing pneumonia morbidity and mortality.

     

The use of pre- pro- and synbiotics in adult intensive care unit patients: systematic review

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This review investigated whether the administration of enteral pre-, pro- and synbiotics compared with controls in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients reduced the incidence of nosocomial infections, length of ICU stay, hospital mortality and specifically pneumonia. METHODS: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials comparing enteral feeding and pre-, pro- or synbiotics, versus standard enteral feed alone, in patients admitted to adult ICUs. RESULTS: Eight randomised studies with a total of 999 critically ill adult patients met the inclusion criteria. Pre- pro- or synbiotics were not associated with any significant change in the outcomes studied-length of ICU stay, hospital mortality and the incidence of nosocomial infection and more specifically pneumonia incidence. Few data were available for other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of pre- pro- or synbiotics in adult critically ill patients confers no statistically significant benefit in the outcome criteria studied. There is currently a lack of evidence to support the use of pre- pro- or synbiotics in patients admitted to adult ICUs, and a large well-designed trial is needed in this area.     

Incidence and risk factors for Malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea in children under 5 in UNHCR refugee camps: A retrospective study

Background

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) refugee camps are located predominantly in rural areas of Africa and Asia in protracted or post-emergency contexts. Recognizing the importance of malaria, pneumonia and diarrheal diseases as major causes of child morbidity and mortality in refugee camps, we analyzed data from the UNHCR Health Information System (HIS) to estimate incidence and risk factors for these diseases in refugee children younger than five years of age.

Methods

Data from 90 UNHCR camps in 16 countries, including morbidity, mortality, health services and refugee health status, were obtained from the UNHCR HIS for the period January 2006 to February 2010. Monthly camp-level data were aggregated to yearly estimates for analysis and stratified by location in Africa (including Yemen) or Asia. Poisson regression models with random effects were constructed to identify factors associated with malaria, pneumonia and diarrheal diseases. Spatial patterns in the incidence of malaria, pneumonia and diarrheal diseases were mapped to identify regional heterogeneities.

Results

Malaria and pneumonia were the two most common causes of mortality, with confirmed malaria and pneumonia each accounting for 20% of child deaths. Suspected and confirmed malaria accounted for 23% of child morbidity and pneumonia accounted for 17% of child morbidity. Diarrheal diseases were the cause of 7% of deaths and 10% of morbidity in children under five. Mean under-five incidence rates across all refugee camps by region were: malaria [Africa 84.7 cases/1000 U5 population/month (95% CI 67.5-102.0), Asia 2.2/1000/month (95% CI 1.4-3.0)]; pneumonia [Africa 59.2/1000/month (95% CI 49.8-68.7), Asia 254.5/1000/month (95% CI 207.1-301.8)]; and diarrheal disease [Africa 35.5/1000/month (95% CI 28.7-42.4), Asia 69.2/1000/month (95% CI 61.0-77.5)]. Measles was infrequent and accounted for a small proportion of child morbidity (503 cases, < 1%) and mortality (6 deaths, < 1%).

Conclusions

As in stable settings, pneumonia and diarrhea are important causes of mortality among refugee children. Malaria remains a significant cause of child mortality in refugee camps in Africa and will need to be addressed as part of regional malaria control and elimination efforts. Little is known of neonatal morbidity and mortality in refugee settings, and neonatal deaths are likely to be under-reported. Global measles control efforts have reduced the incidence of measles among refugee children.