乳腺导管扩张症

目的　探讨乳腺导管扩张症的诊断和治疗。方法　对７６ 例乳腺导管扩张症的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　该病主要临床表现为乳房肿块（３１ 例,４０．７８ ％ ） ,脓肿（２４ 例,３１．５８ ％ ） ,乳头内陷（５２ 例,６８．４２ ％ ） ,乳头溢液（２１ 例,２７．６３ ％ ） ,乳瘘（２１ 例,２７．６３ ％ ） 。术前误诊率５５．２６ ％ （４２／７６） ,其中２０ 例（２６．３２ ％ ） 误诊为乳癌。本组均经手术治疗,治愈率为９２．１１ ％ （７０／７６） 。结论　乳腺导管扩张症易误诊,术中病理检查是确诊的可靠方法;彻底切除或切开病变的乳管是手术成功的关键。     

乳腺导管扩张症

乳腺导管扩张症(maary duct ectasia,MDE)最初由Bloodgood[1]于1923年提出,文献报道中,MDE有许多名称,如浆细胞性乳腺炎、粉刺性乳腺炎、导管周围乳腺炎、乳腺分泌性疾病、乳腺静脉曲张样瘤等.Dixon[2]认为这些命名只是反映了该病不同阶段的表现,将其命名为导管周围乳腺炎/乳管扩张症较为合理.     

Risk factors for duct ectasia

Duct ectasia consists of dilation of the mammary ducts and is clinically manifested as nipple discharge, which is more commonly multiductal, bilateral, and colored. To identify clinical factors that might be related to duct ectasia. A case-control study was carried out on a population of 150 patients divided into two groups. Group 1 (the experimental group) comprised 100 patients with multiductal, bilateral, and colored nipple discharge, clinically representing the nipple secretion of duct ectasia. Group 2 (the control group) was composed of 50 patients without nipple discharge. The odds ratio of duct ectasia was three times higher for current smokers (p=0.04). Likewise, smokers from the duct ectasia group had smoked for a longer time (median 25 months) compared to smokers from the control group (median 15 months) (p=0.02). Parity, history of abortion or termination, breast-feeding, hormonal contraceptive use, and history of breast abscess did not increase the risk for duct ectasia. The group of women with duct ectasia was associated with current tobacco smoking.     

Mammary duct ectasia and pituitary adenomas

Mammary duct ectasia developed in three postmenopausal patients who had had pituitary chromophobe adenomas. The first patient had bilateral duct ectasia that developed 8 and 11 years after hypophysectomy. The second patient, who also had bilateral ectasia, had a prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma for which bromocriptine was prescribed. The ectasia developed in one breast before commencing bromocriptine therapy, and in the other breast 2 years later. The third patient also had a prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma. Unilateral duct ectasia developed while bromocriptine was taken. The ectasia in all patients was very marked and affected all excised ducts. Cholesterol granulomas were sometimes very extensive. These cases suggest a relationship between certain hypothalamic/pituitary disorders, possibly related to prolactin secretion and the development of mammary duct ectasia in postmenopausal patients.     

Are the lesions of duct ectasia sterile?

A prospective study was established to determine whether, using suitable transport media, bacteria could be isolated from the lesions of mammary duct ectasia. The results indicate that both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are present in a high proportion of patients with nipple discharge associated with this condition and in all patients who develop peri-areolar sepsis (abscess and mammillary fistulae) as part of the syndrome. The lesions of duct ectasia are therefore not sterile and the possibility exists that bacteria have a role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition.     

Subareolar dissection for duct ectasia and periareolar sepsis

Excision of the major duct system of the breast for symptoms owing to mammary duct ectasia may be curative, but recent reports have been less optimistic. A retrospective study (1978-1990) of 46 women (median age 38 years, range 18-78 years) who underwent subareolar dissection with antibiotic cover for symptoms associated with duct ectasia is presented. Thirty-three women presented without symptoms of overt sepsis (periareolar lump, nipple discharge or nipple retraction). Following subareolar dissection, six developed recurrent symptoms and five required further surgery. Thirteen women presented initially with abscesses. Eight abscesses recurred following incision and drainage, and one developed a mammillary fistula. Following subareolar dissection, six developed recurrent sepsis requiring further surgery.     

乳腺导管扩张症临床病理特征与治疗对策

乳腺导管扩张症是临床较常见的乳腺炎性疾病,还被称为浆细胞性乳腺炎、粉刺性乳腺炎、导管周围乳腺炎、肉芽肿性乳腺炎等。从该病的病理发展过程看,这些命名只是反映了该病不同阶段的病理表现,最根本的病理变化是乳腺导管扩张,因此以乳腺导管扩张症命名最合理。乳腺导管扩张症随着病理过程的进展,不同时期常有不同的临床表现,可分为：导管扩张期、炎块期、脓肿期和瘘管期。不同的病期可采用不同的治疗对策。     

孕前血清抵抗素水平与乳管扩张症的关系

目的:探讨孕前乳管扩张症与血清中抵抗素水平相关性.方法:正常对照组30例和孕前乳管扩张症患者32例,常规抽取空腹静脉血检测其血糖、血脂、抵抗素及测量体重指数.结果:与正常对照组相比,孕前乳管扩张症患者,抵抗素水平升高(P<0.05).结论:在孕前乳管扩张症患者中,抵抗素水平升高,与体重指数升高呈正相关.     

乳腺导管扩张症243例临床分析

目的提高乳腺导管扩张症的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1970年至2005年经手术和病理证实的乳腺导管扩张症243例的临床资料。结果243例乳腺导管扩张症患者包括五种类型,即隐匿型33例(13.6%),肿块型169例(69.5%),脓肿型15例(6.2%),瘘管型14例(5.8%),共存型7例(2.9%)。根据临床分型可分别采用不同的术式:乳管切除术,肿块局部切除术,乳腺区段切除术,单纯乳房切除术,切开引流术,瘘管切除术,乳房简化根治术,乳房根治术。本组243例患者均手术治愈。结论根据临床表现特点,可作出初步诊断,术中冷冻切片病理检查可确定诊断。手术切除病灶是治疗乳腺导管扩张症比较彻底的有效方法。     

Nipple hypersensitivty—An unusual symptom of duct ectasia

Mammary duct ectasia (MDE) is a benign and often troublesome breast condition. The usual presentation includes colored nipple discharge and mastalgia. Nipple hypersensitivity has never before been described as a presenting complaint for MDE. This case report looks into such an unusual case.     

乳腺导管扩张症（附96例报告）

目的 探讨乳腺导管扩张症的诊断及治疗。方法 分析1961－2000年经手术及病理证实的乳腺导管扩张症96例的临床资料。结果 术前误诊72例（75．0％）。根据临床表现的不同采用相应的手术方式：乳管切除术、肿块局部切除术、乳腺区段切除术、单纯乳房切除术、切开引流术、瘘管切除术、乳癌根治术。治愈88例（91．7％），另18例术后症状无明显减轻或复发。结论 乳腺导管扩张症易误诊，手术是治疗的主要手段。     

Infantile mammary duct ectasia: a cause of bloody nipple discharge

Bloody nipple discharge in infancy has been rarely reported in the medical literature. Its cause is unknown. We report a three-year-old male infant and a five-month-old female infant with bloody nipple discharge. Because of persistent bloody discharge, a subcutaneous mastectomy was performed in the boy; the problem resolved in the girl after a period of observation. The specimen showed histologic changes identical to those seen in adult mammary duct ectasia. All the endocrinologic work-up was normal. We suspect that bloody nipple discharge in infancy is underreported. This is a benign condition with histologic changes similar to adult mammary duct ectasia and if persistent, should be properly investigated; biopsy or excision are not indicated.     

乳腺导管扩张症的诊治(附32例报告)

目的探讨乳腺导管扩张症的诊断与治疗。方法回顾性分析本院1993年1月至2004年12月经手术和病理证实的乳腺导管扩张症32例临床资料。结果本组32例均行手术治疗,随访6个月以上,无一例复发。结论乳腺导管扩张症好发于30～40岁年龄组。临床上易误诊为乳腺癌。术中冰冻切片检查可确诊,手术切除为最有效的治疗方法。     

乳管镜下浆细胞性乳管炎的分型及临床研究

目的探讨乳管内窥镜对诊断及治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎的临床价值。方法对250例乳头溢液患者行乳管内窥镜检查,对其中95例浆细胞性乳腺炎患者在乳管内窥镜下对乳管内病变的特点予以分析并加以分型研究。结果95例浆细胞性乳腺炎患者中,Ⅰ型患者21例(22．1％),Ⅱ型患者43例(45．3％),Ⅲ型患者18例(18．9％),Ⅳ型患者13例(13．7％)。非手术治疗83例,症状完全缓解45例,好转38例。手术治疗12例,均病理证实,其中5例伴有中、重度不典型增生。结论乳管内窥镜可以对浆细胞性乳腺炎患者做出明确的诊断,并可对病变乳管进行定位,提示手术指征,使绝大多数患者避免手术,对需要手术活检的患者可缩小手术范围,是临床上一种不可缺少的辅助诊断方法。     

Mammary duct ectasia in children presenting bloody nipple discharge: a case in a pubertal girl

Mammary duct ectasia occurs rarely in childhood. The authors report on the case of a pubertal girl who was operated on for duct ectasia with bloody nipple discharge. Duct ectasia is regarded as a primary lesion; it is considered to be a cause of bloody secretion, and it has a mechanism similar to that of mammary duct papilloma.