柯萨奇病毒B4''致低硒鼠心肌损伤及细胞凋亡机制的研究

目的 为了探讨柯萨奇病毒B4’致低硒鼠心肌损伤及细胞凋亡的机理。方法 用低硒和补硒饲料分别喂养昆明鼠，4周后交配，给其子代4周雄性鼠腹腔接种10—7TCID50柯萨奇病毒B4’0．1ml，对照组接种等量RPMI1640培养掖。7天后处死，取心脏制片，光镜观察病变，并采用TUNEL法和免疫组化法技术检测凋亡细胞及其相关基因。结果 低硒和补硒饲料病毒组的心肌病变检出率分别为78．1％和16．7％。低硒和补硒饲料对照组的心肌未见病变。低硒和补硒病毒组及低硒对照组的心肌均发生不同程度的细胞凋亡。补硒对照组未见心肌细胞凋亡。结论 柯萨奇病毒B4’感染低硒昆明鼠引起的心肌损伤有细胞凋亡机制参与。     

柯萨奇B2病毒致低硒乳鼠心肌损伤的实验研究

目的：探讨柯萨奇B2病毒（CVB2）在低硒足蛋白条件下对乳鼠心肌损伤的作用。方法：应用低硒合成饲料（硒含量0．016mg/kg）喂养昆明鼠5周后交配，取其子代7日龄乳鼠经腹腔注入CVB210^7TCID500.1ml,9d后处死，取其心脏。常规石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色光镜检查；部分心肌做电镜观察。结果：低硒、补硒合成饲料感染病毒组鼠光镜下心肌病检出率分别为44．1％和15．7％，低硒和补硒对照组均未检出病变。结论：足蛋白条件下硒缺乏仍可增强CVB2病毒对昆明乳 鼠的致病作用。     

低硒小鼠柯萨奇B组病毒重叠感染与心肌损伤关系的研究

目的 探讨Se缺乏、CVB4、CVB3m重叠感染与心肌损伤的关系。方法 采用低Se及相对低蛋白合成饲料、饮用含Se元素水与不含硒的水的方法,饲养小鼠及其所产的幼鼠,于出生7d,幼鼠先后感染CVB4,CVB3m,2型病毒感染间隔为7d,感染CVB3m病毒后7、14、21d分别处死小鼠,取心脏做光镜、电镜检测。结果 Se缺乏组小鼠,心肌可见轻度损伤,心肌细胞色素氧化酶活力下降。病毒感染7d后,低Se 病毒组小鼠与补Se 病毒组小鼠比较,低硒病毒组血清CVB3m抗体效价1:256,补硒病毒组中和抗体效价为1:512,低硒组感染病毒的毒力增加,心肌中病毒分离滴度低硒组明显高于补硒组,心肌细胞色素氧化进一步下降,心肌损伤检出率达63.6%,心肌变性坏死的数量多,损伤面积大。结论 Se缺乏是克山病心肌损害因素之一,而柯萨奇B组2型病毒重叠感染在克山病心肌损伤过程中的作用也不能忽视。硒具有某种程度的抗病毒作用或抑病毒作用。     

miRNA378*对柯萨奇B3病毒感染心肌细胞凋亡、网腔钙结合蛋白、内质网应激及信号通路因子的作用

目的:探讨上调miRNA378*表达对柯萨奇B3病毒(CVB3)感染心肌细胞凋亡、网腔钙结合蛋白、内质网应激及信号通路因子的作用。方法:实验分4组:对照组(正常细胞)、CVB3感染组(正常细胞+CVB3)、miRNA378*过表达对照组(正常细胞+CVB3+转染miRNA378*空表达质粒)、miRNA378*过表达组(正常细胞+CVB3+转染miRNA378*过表达质粒)。原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞,采用免疫组织化学方法检测培养乳鼠心室肌细胞α-SMA蛋白,慢病毒质粒转染心室肌细胞,除对照组外,其他各组心肌细胞感染CVB3,采用TUNEL技术检测各组心肌细胞凋亡率;用Western blotting技术检测各组心肌细胞网腔钙结合蛋白、内质网应激伴侣蛋白GRP78及内质网应激信号通路因子PERK、P-PERK、eIF2α、ATF4、CHOP表达。结果:与CVB3感染组比较,miRNA378*过表达组心肌细胞凋亡率明显减少,网腔钙结合蛋白表达增加,而GRP78、P-PERK、eIF2α、ATF4、CHOP表达均减少(均P0.01),PERK表达差异无统计学意义。结论:上调CVB3感染心肌细胞miRNA378*表达可引起心肌细胞凋亡减少,网腔钙结合蛋白表达增多,进而缓解内质网应激,并抑制内质网应激凋亡信号通路因子表达。     

柯萨奇B3病毒感染乳鼠心肌细胞CX43与内质网应激相关性的实验研究

目的:研究柯萨奇B3病毒(CVB3)感染乳鼠心肌细胞缝隙连接蛋白43(CX43)、内质网应激伴侣蛋白GRP94的表达。方法:实验分为对照组(正常细胞)和CVB3感染组(正常细胞+CVB3)。采用免疫组织化学方法检测培养乳鼠心肌细胞α-SMA蛋白,采用real time PCR技术检测各组心肌细胞CX43、GRP94表达。结果:与对照组比较,CVB3感染组心肌细胞GRP94表达增多,CX43表达减少(均P0.01)。结论:CVB3可引发心肌细胞发生内质网应激,并引起CX43表达减少。     

低硒致乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的　为进一步探讨低硒与心肌损伤的关系,以及细胞凋亡是否参与心肌损伤及其机制。方法　用低硒合成饲料喂养昆明鼠,五周后交配,取其子代 ３ 周龄乳鼠心肌组织,采用ＴＵＮＥＬ法、透射电镜及免疫组化法等技术检测凋亡细胞及其相关基因。结果　低硒乳鼠心肌细胞有凋亡现象存在,而补硒组却未见类似现象。结论　低硒可以引起子代乳鼠心肌细胞发生凋亡     

低硒小鼠病毒性心肌炎与细胞凋亡关系的研究

目的　探讨低硒小鼠病毒性心肌炎与细胞凋亡的关系。方法　应用低硒和常硒合成饲料喂养 5周龄BALB/C雄性小鼠 5周后 ,经腹腔接种柯萨奇B3m病毒 (CVB3m) 10 3 TCD50 0 .1ml,建立小鼠心肌炎模型。对照组腹腔注射PRM164 0。通过此模型 ,采用原位末端标记法 (TUNEL法 )测定心肌凋亡细胞 ,并采用免疫组化法测定凋亡相关基因C -myc、Bcl -2及相关因子TGF -β1的表达。结果　光镜下低硒病毒组 (Ⅰ组 ) ,常硒病毒组 (Ⅱ组 )病变检出率分别为 75 %和 3 5 % ,常硒对照组 (Ⅲ组 )为 0 ,经 χ2 检验Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组 (P <0 .0 5 )。对低硒及常硒病毒组的心肌采用TUNEL法检测发现凋亡细胞 ,Ⅰ组小鼠心肌中有凋亡者占 75 % ,Ⅱ组有凋亡者占 5 5 % ,Ⅲ组未见凋亡细胞。采用免疫组化法检测发现 ,Ⅰ组鼠心肌中可见C -myc和TGF -β1的阳性表达 ,分布区域与TUNEL法标记的凋亡细胞一致。Ⅲ组心肌中可见BCL -2基因表达产物 ,而Ⅰ、Ⅱ组中很少见。结论　本实验结果提示低硒能促进病毒感染引起的心肌细胞凋亡 ,并能促进C -myc、TGF -β1的表达 ,抑制BCL -2表达。     

克山病与病毒感染关系的实验研究

目的为了探讨克山病与肠道病毒特别与柯萨奇病毒(CVB)的关系.方法①选择用CVB3病毒的cDNA探针,应用原位核酸杂交的方法,检测克山病尸检心肌组织;②采用CVB5病毒VP1壳蛋白的单克隆抗体应用免疫组化法检测克山病尸检心肌组织;③用不同配方的低硒合成饲料喂养小鼠,分别感染CVB2、CVB4m'、CVB3m以及先后感染CVB4和CVB3m的病毒.结果①原位杂交法急型克山病、亚急型克山病、慢型克山病的阳性率分别为61.5%、75.8%和68%;②免疫组化法克山病阳性率分别为89.2%,两种方法阳性检出率均显著高于健康人,高于心肌炎及扩张型心肌病,但无差异;③光镜下低硒病毒组心肌病变位于心肌实质、乳头肌等.为多发性灶状坏死伴少量炎性细胞浸润,补硒组心肌病变为间质炎性细胞浸润,病变程度及检出率、低硒病毒组均重/高于补硒病毒组.结论以上实验结果均支持克山病的发生与肠道病毒,特别CVB病毒的感染高度相关.     

核转录因子抑制剂对病毒感染心肌细胞的保护作用

目的:探索核转录因子(NF κB)抑制剂吡咯基二硫氨基甲酸酯(PDTC)对病毒感染搏动心肌细胞的作用及信号转导机制。方法:利用培养的SD乳鼠心肌细胞,分为对照组,CVB3 感染组[心肌细胞感染 coxsackieB3(CVB3)病毒],PDTC干预组(加入PDTC干预后心肌细胞再感染 CVB3 病毒)。采用 MTT法检测细胞活性,采用细胞病变法计算细胞病变;采用Westen blot测定NF kBp65蛋白表达变化。结果:CVB3 感染组与对照组比较,心肌细胞活性明显降低,细胞病变加重;NF kBp65蛋白表达明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。PDTC干预组心肌细胞活性明显低于CVB3 感染组, 细胞病变较 CVB3 感染组轻,NF kBp65 蛋白表达明显低于 CVB3 感染组(P<0.01)。结论:CVB3 病毒在感染早期可导致心肌细胞损伤,NF κB抑制剂可保护心肌细胞免受病毒侵害,NF κB信号通路激活可能为病毒性心肌炎发病机制之一。     

重组硫氧还蛋白对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨重组人硫氧还蛋白(TRX)对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响及对凋亡相关蛋白表达的调节作用.方法 Balb/c小鼠24只,体质量12～14 g,按体质量随机分为对照组、病毒组和TRX保护组,每组8只.病毒组和TRX保护组小鼠给予腹腔注射100TCID50柯萨奇B3病毒(CVB3)0.1 ml,对照组给予等量生理盐水.同时,TRX保护组给予尾静脉注射TRX(2 mg/kg),病毒组给予等量生理盐水.14 d后处死小鼠,光镜下观察心肌组织病理形态学改变,采用TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡,采用免疫组化法检测凋亡相关蛋白(Bcl-2、caspase-3)的表达.结果 ①光镜结果显示,病毒组小鼠心肌细胞有局灶性坏死和炎细胞浸润;TRX保护组心肌细胞可见散在的凝固性坏死和细胞水肿;对照组心肌细胞未见明显异常.②凋亡检测结果显示,病毒组和TRX保护组凋亡指数[(90.23±3.63)％、(20.02±2.41)％]明显高于对照组(0.00±0.00,P均＜0.05),TRX保护组凋亡指数较病毒组明显降低(P＜0.05).③免疫组化结果显示,病毒组和TRX保护组Bcl-2蛋白阳性表达(+、++、+++)明显高于对照组(P均＜ 0.05),TRX保护组Bcl-2蛋白表达较病毒组明显增加(P＜0.05);病毒组和TRX保护组caspase-3蛋白阳性表达(+、++)明显高于对照组(P均＜0.05),TRX保护组caspase-3蛋白表达较病毒组明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 TRX能够抑制病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌细胞凋亡,对心肌细胞凋亡的抑制作用与调节凋亡相关蛋白表达有关.     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。