手机AR软件对颅内病变可视化定位的临床应用

目的评价智能手机增强现实(augmented reality,AR)软件在颅内幕上占位性病变定位中的准确性。方法回顾性分析15例颅内幕上占位性病变病人的临床资料,病变直径2.0～8.8 cm。术前在病变附近黏贴体表标志物后行MRI或CT扫描,利用扫描数据对病变和标志物进行三维重建,并将其传入手机AR软件进行病变体表定位。以导航定位病变中心点为参考,手机AR软件定位的中心点与导航定位结果的距离为定位误差,对结果进行统计学分析。结果手机AR定位误差为(5±3) mm,与导航定位比较,差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.671,P=0.018)。Pearson相关分析显示:手机AR定位误差与病变大小密切相关(r=0.927,P 0.05)。本组以导航设计的切口均能覆盖AR定位病变的体表投影。结论手机AR软件对颅内幕上直径2 cm以上的病灶定位可靠、使用方便,值得在临床中推广应用。     

医学3D打印在颅内浅表病变切除术中的价值

目的 探讨基于医学3D打印所设计的新型导向板在神经外科中的价值。方法 选择厦门大学附属第一医院神经外科颅内占位患者的影像数据,通过计算机3D转化后打印成型。术前将打印的导向板放置患者颌面部,辅助病变边界定位。结果 共纳入32例患者,所设计的3D导向板与皮肤贴合准确,皮肤切口均按照术前导向板指引设计,2例病变位置较深进行了皮肤扩切,其余切口均一次性完成,术后未出现血肿、颅内感染等严重并发症。结论 医学3D打印导向板可以辅助颅内浅表病变定位,在神经外科手术中具有一定的价值。     

Sina软件在颅内幕上病变手术中的定位与神经导航定位对比研究

目的对比研究在颅内幕上病变手术中Sina软件定位与神经导航定位的应用。方法回顾性分析采用开颅手术治疗的20例颅内幕上病变病人的临床资料,按术前定位方法将病人分为Sina定位组(n=10)和导航定位组(n=10),Sina定位组术前采用Sina软件定位,设计手术切口。导航定位组术前采用神经导航系统定位,设计手术切口,术中采用神经导航系统评估病变切除情况。比较两组病人术前定位时间、术中病变暴露情况、术后病变切除情况以及GOS评分。结果 Sina定位组在颅内幕上病变定位时间上短于导航定位组(P=0.001),两组病人在术中病变暴露、病变切除情况、术后GOS评分上差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在颅内幕上病变中,Sina软件可以做到快速定位,为手术提供简便的定位方法,因其经济简便,值得临床推广应用。     

脑血流动力学与缺血性脑卒中患者脑白质病变严重程度的相关性研究

目的 研究缺血性脑卒中患者脑血流动力学与脑白质病变严重程度之间相关性。方法 分析2015年7月至2019年8月收治的108例缺血性脑卒中患者资料，采用Fazekas量表对患者脑白质病变严重程度进行分级。比较不同脑白质病变严重程度、患者颅内大动脉硬化程度和脑血流动力学指标，进行患者脑血流动力学与脑白质病变严重程度之间相关性分析，并分析脑白质中重度病变的危险因素。结果 Fazekas量表<3分者61例纳入轻度病变组，≥ 3分者47例纳入中重度病变组。中重度病变患者颅内大动脉硬化严重程度高于轻度病变组（P<0.05）。中重度病变组脑部动脉搏动指数（PI）显著高于轻度病变组；收缩期峰值血流（Vs）、平均血流（Vm）以及舒张末期血流（Vd）等脑血流动力学指数显著低于轻度病变组（P<0.05）。颅内大动脉硬化程度、PI与脑白质病变严重程度正相关（r=0.416，0.527；P<0.05），Vs、Vm以及Vd等脑血流参数与脑白质病变严重程度负相关（r=-0.316，-0.524，-0.668；P<0.05）。颅内大动脉硬化程度与PI为脑白质中重度病变的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 缺血性脑卒中患者脑白质病变严重程度与患者脑血流动力学指标异常有关，而颅内动脉硬化会加重患者脑白质病变严重程度。     

弥散张量成像定位在听神经瘤切除术中的应用

目的 探究弥散张量成像（DTI）定位在听神经瘤切除术中的应用。方法 选取2017年1月—2020年1月在西安国际医学中心医院治疗的106例听神经瘤患者,收集患者临床资料。通过术前DTI定位与术中面神经电生理监测结果进行比较,分析两者检测结果的一致性。分析手术效果及术后患者面神经功能。结果 面神经均位于肿瘤腹侧,其中位于腹侧中央者最多（44例,占41.51%）,其次是腹侧前上部者（25例,占23.58%）。术前DTI结果与术中神经电生理监测结果相符合者有100例（94.34%）,不符合者有6例（5.66%）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。患者术后面神经均实现解剖保留。术前面神经功能良好率为89.62%;术后2周、3个月、6个月以及1年,患者面神经功能良好率分别为74.53%、46.23%、53.77%及85.85%;患者术前与术后面神经功能分级比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 术前通过DTI定位面神经与肿瘤位置较准确,且手术效果较好、面神经保留率较高,术后面神经有一定损伤,6个月后开始恢复,术后面神经功能障碍发生概率降低。 [国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(6): 29-33]     

TRIM38非CpG岛DNA甲基化与胶质瘤异柠檬酸脱氢酶突变的关系研究

目的 探讨TRIM38基因非CpG岛DNA甲基化与胶质瘤异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）基因突变之间的关系。方法 利用中国胶质瘤基因组图谱计划（CGGA）数据库的多组学数据和临床资料，比较在IDH野生型或突变型的胶质瘤中，TRIM38非CpG岛DNA甲基化的改变模式以及与基因表达和临床预后的关系。结果 共纳入CGGA胶质瘤325例及非肿瘤对照脑组织（NTB组）11例，分析发现IDH野生型胶质瘤TRIM38非CpG岛DNA甲基化和基因表达，相对NTB组分别发生低甲基化（P =0.000）和高表达（P=0.007），且两者之间呈负相关（P=0.017）。生存分析显示，TRIM38非CpG岛DNA甲基化水平与IDH野生型肿瘤的预后有关（P=0.061）。结论 IDH突变可能通过限制TRIM38基因非CpG岛DNA低甲基化介导的肿瘤促癌基因表达上调，为IDH突变相关的胶质瘤提供“保护作用”。     

经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液漏多因素回归方程搭建及预测价值研究

目的 研究经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液漏多因素回归方程搭建及预测价值。方法 分析2018年5月—2020年9月郴州市第一人民医院56例经蝶窦手术的垂体腺瘤患者资料,其中运用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣32例,未用24例。筛查经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液鼻漏的相关因素。结果 经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液鼻漏与年龄大于65岁、肿瘤直径大于2 cm、术中鞍膈破裂、手术时间超过120 min都呈正相关（均P<0.05）,与用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣呈负相关（P<0.05）。影响经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液鼻漏的因素有再次手术（95％CI:1.205～859.886, P=0.038)、肿瘤直径大于2 cm(95％CI:1.371～375.766, P=0.029)、术中鞍膈破裂（95％CI:5.351～14461.621,P=0.005)、用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣（95％CI:0.001～0.371, P=0.009)。模型预测值绘制ROC曲线及分析,得到AUC=0.971（95%CI：0.935~1.000）,敏感度为1,特异性为0.882。结论 再次手术、肿瘤直径大于2 cm、术中鞍膈破裂、未用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣是经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液漏的危险因素,而应用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣能减少这种不良并发症的发生。     

青年人群卒中后抑郁与阿替普酶静脉溶栓相关性的临床研究

目的 探讨阿替普酶静脉溶栓是否可以降低青年缺血性脑卒中患者卒中后抑郁(PSD)的发生率以及青年卒中患者PSD的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析210例青年缺血性脑卒中患者临床资料,根据是否使用阿替普酶静脉溶栓分为溶栓组（110例）和非溶栓组（100例）。比较2组患者在发病14 d及发病3个月时PSD的发生率。采用单因素分析及Logistic回归分析青年卒中患者PSD的影响因素。结果 发病14 d时溶栓组和非溶栓组青年卒中患者PSD发生率差异有统计学意义(χ²=3.988,P<0.05);发病3个月时2组PSD发生率差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.432,P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示NIHSS评分、是否静脉溶栓为发病14 d时发生PSD的影响因素;NIHSS评分、社会支持为发病3个月时发生PSD的影响因素。结论 青年卒中患者PSD发生率较高;阿替普酶静脉溶栓可以降低青年卒中患者PSD的发生率。     

CUX-1和XRCC3在胶质瘤中的表达及其与预后的关系

目的 探讨同源框CUT样蛋白1（CUX-1）及X射线交错互补修复基因3（XRCC3）在组织中的表达水平，及与胶质瘤患者病理指标及预后的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学染色及蛋白质印迹法检测66例胶质瘤组织以及10例正常脑组织CUX-1及XRCC3的表达水平，分析它们之间的关系及其与患者临床病理指标和预后的关系。结果 CUX-1和XRCC3表达水平随肿瘤WHO分级的升高而上调（P<0.01），且两者的表达与胶质瘤WHO分级及增殖指标Ki67、P53mut相关（P<0.01）。CUX-1与XRCC3之间的表达呈正相关（r_s=0.773，P=0.006）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线表明CUX-1及XRCC3高表达患者生存时间缩短（P<0.05）。结论 CUX-1及XRCC3两者之间的表达呈正相关，并在胶质瘤中表达上调，且与不良预后相关。     

颅脑外伤患者去骨瓣减压术后早期颅内血肿进展的影响因素

目的 分析颅脑外伤患者早期颅内血肿进展的相关因素。方法 分析2018年6月—2022年6月期间鹤壁市人民医院采用去骨瓣减压术治疗的180例颅脑外伤患者,依据是否出现早期颅内血肿进展分为进展组（n=54）和对照组（n=126）,采用多因素Logistic回归分析这些患者早期颅内血肿进展的影响因素。结果 分析结果显示,多发性血肿、术前血肿量≥20 cm³、纤维蛋白原＜2 g/L为颅脑外伤患者早期颅内血肿进展的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论 多发性血肿、术前血肿量≥20 cm³、纤维蛋白原＜2 g/L为颅脑外伤患者去骨瓣减压术后早期颅内血肿进展的危险因素,临床中应对高危患者加强监测。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。