非体外循环冠状动脉旁路顺行序贯移植术

目的探讨先吻合桥血管近端的顺行序贯非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCABG)应用的临床意义。方法62例患者行OPCABG,将桥血管与升主动脉吻合后备用,再行左乳内动脉与前降支吻合,最后进行桥血管与其他靶血管顺行序贯式吻合。结果吻合到左前降支的桥血管:带蒂左乳内动脉57支,桡动脉2支,大隐静脉3支。采用大隐静脉桥血管顺行序贯吻合其他靶血管,3支桥47例,2支桥15例。术后1例因低心排血量综合征死亡。其余61例术后心绞痛症状全部缓解,无围术期急性心肌梗死。经3～36月随访,无新发心绞痛,生活质量提高。结论非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路顺行序贯移植术,可以避免体外循环和心脏停搏心脏停搏的弊端;每完成一个桥血管吻合口,即恢复该部位心肌的血液供应,更早改善心肌缺血缺氧状态,手术安全、有效。     

游离大隐静脉290例体会

我院 1995年 7月 2 0 0 0年 12月共取大隐静脉 2 90例 ,现将游离大隐静脉的体会总结如下。1　临床资料　 1997年 3月 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,共行ＣＡＢＧ 30 5例 ,男 2 85例 ,女 15例 ,年龄 (6 1.0± 3.6 )岁 ,其中 70岁以上35例 ,合并心肌梗死 116例 ,功能性室壁瘤 15例 ,解剖性室壁瘤 38例 ,原发性高血压病 12 4例 ,Ⅱ型糖尿病 75例 ,高脂血症 10 1例 ,左主干病变 82例 ,3支病变 2 5 6例 ,单纯ＣＡＢＧ2 6 3例 ,同时行心脏瓣置换 11例 ,室壁瘤切除 31例 ,常规体外循环下手术 2 2 5例 ,微创非体外循环下手术 80例。搭桥材料常规使用左乳内动脉 (…     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心绞痛复发的桥血管造影分析

目的分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后心绞痛复发患者的自体血管及桥血管的变化特点。方法对CABG术后因心绞痛复发的病例行选择性血管造影,检查冠状动脉和桥血管情况。结果24例均发现桥血管病变,血管病变以闭塞为主,占38.2%(26/68),狭窄占10.3%(7/68)。静脉桥24支完全闭塞,5支狭窄。乳内动脉桥完全闭塞和狭窄各2支。心绞痛复发还可由再血管化不完全和自体血管病变加重引起。结论CABG术后仍可以复发心绞痛,桥血管病变是主要原因,术后如发生心绞痛应该及时检查。     

冠心病合并心脏瓣膜疾病的手术治疗

目的总结冠心病合并心脏瓣膜疾病的外科治疗方法。方法1998年4月-2004年12月，同期治疗57例冠心病合并心脏瓣膜疾病患者，平均年龄60岁（42～78岁）；心功能Ⅱ级9例，Ⅲ级37例，Ⅳ级11例；二尖瓣病变37例，主动脉瓣病变11例，联合瓣膜病变9例；均伴有单支或多支冠状动脉病变。手术在中低温体外循环下进行。心脏停跳后先做静脉桥的远端吻合，然后处理瓣膜。心脏复苏后在升主动脉开放前完成大隐静脉与升主动脉的吻合。乳内动脉的吻合在瓣膜置换或成形后心脏复苏前完成。本组行二尖瓣成形8例，行二尖瓣置换29例，行主动脉瓣置换11例，行双瓣置换9例（其中39例为机械瓣置换，10例为进口生物瓣置换）。冠脉搭桥1～5支，平均2．7支／例。结果术后早期死亡1例，死亡率为1．75％，其余患者住院期间无严重并发症。随访6个月～7年，无死亡，患者生活质量均明显提高，心功能Ⅰ级45例，Ⅱ级11例。结论同期施行冠状动脉旁路术和心脏瓣膜术安全有效。     

非体外循环辅助下冠状动脉旁路移植术术后处理

目的 总结32例非体外循环辅助下冠状动脉旁路移植术(Off-pump coronary artery bypasss grafting,OPCAB)术后处理的临床经验,并对其进行初步探讨。 方法 2000年12月-2003年11月我们共完成OPCAB 32例,其中2支病变5例,3支病变15例,4支病变9例,5支病变3例。采用乳内动脉、桡动脉和/或大隐静脉共移植血管99支,平均每例3.1支。 结果 无手术死亡,无围手术期心肌梗死等严重并发症发生。平均术后辅助呼吸时间10±2.5小时,平均ICU监护治疗时间72小时,术后早期发生心律失常12例,术后切口感染5例,胸骨骨不连2例。术后平均住院17.6±4.5天。术后短期随访显示临床效果满意。 结论 OPCAB可作为冠状动脉旁路移植的手术方法之一,术后早期适时尽早拔出气管内插管,调整血容量,水、电解质平衡,预防和及时处理心律失常等并发症是术后早期处理的关键。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的:探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术临床疗效。方法:对8例实施非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病患者的临床资料、手术方法进行总结分析。结果:本组8例患者无手术死亡,术后随访3个月到1年,所有病人心绞痛症状消失,生活质量明显提高。结论:非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病安全、经济、有效,值得推广。     

冠状动脉搭桥术10例的护理

冠状动脉搭桥术又称冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG),现已成为冠心病外科治疗的唯一手术方法[1]。1临床资料自2003年至2004年共做CABG10例,均为男性,35-62岁,平均54岁。体重56-75kg,平均68kg。稳定型心绞痛4例,不稳定型心绞痛6例,均为择期手术。冠状动脉造影示2支血管病变3例,3支血管病变7例。10例患者中3例为单纯大隐静脉搭桥,7例为单纯乳内动脉搭桥或联合大隐静脉搭桥。序贯式搭桥7例,平均每例搭桥3.5支。同时行主动脉瓣替换术1例,二尖瓣成形术1例。住院平均18d。2术前准备2.1给患者心理安慰,减轻心理负担所有住院患者及亲属都有顾虑,担心手…     

非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术30例

目的总结非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCAB)的手术体会及术后处理经验。方法采用左乳内动脉、桡动脉和大隐静脉作为移植材料,共实施OPCAB30例,搭桥79支,术后加强呼吸道管理,保持循环稳定。结果本组除1例死亡外,其余随访3~24个月心绞痛症状均消失,无心肌缺血事件发生,患者生活质量明显提高。结论非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术创伤小,恢复快,效果良好,安全经济,是一种理想的手术方法。术后保持循环稳定,加强呼吸道管理可减少并发症。     

老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期处理策略

目的总结65岁以上老年患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的结果,研究围术期处理策略。方法对65岁以上患者行CABG术394例进行总结,其中357例(90·6%)为不稳定型心绞痛,364例(92·4%)合并其他疾病;246例(62·4%)采用非体外循环心脏不停跳下CABG(OPCAB),148例(37·6%)选择常规体外循环下CABG(CCABG)。胸膜外技术游离左乳内动脉(LIMA),保持胸膜腔完整,常规将LIMA与左前降支吻合,其余桥用大隐静脉。术中使用即时超声血流仪测量移植血管血流,保证吻合口通畅。术后加强物理治疗和营养支持,严格控制血糖于6~10mmol/L。结果移植血管数行CCABG患者为3·1±0·6支,行OPCAB患者为2·4±0·8支;379例(96·2%)使用LIMA。全组死亡3例(0·76%),发生并发症9例(2·28%)。术后呼吸机使用时间OPCAB患者为9·7±5·4h,CCABG患者为20·3±15·0h。术后住ICU时间2·7±1·0天,住院时间11·8±5·0天。结论术前充分评估手术风险,选择恰当的手术方案,围术期进行精细处理,老年患者亦可取得良好手术效果。     

256层 CT 冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉桥血管的诊断价值

目的：探讨256层CT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管的诊断价值。方法收集冠状动脉搭桥术后行256层CT 冠状动脉成像检查29例,回顾性分析256层 CT 冠状动脉成像桥血管的情况。结果29例搭桥血管共77支,搭桥血管1支6例,2支6例,3支10例,4支6例,5支1例,平均2.75支。59支(76.62%)桥血管通畅,17支(22.08%)桥血管管腔狭窄,1支(1.30%)桥血管闭塞。内乳动脉桥6支,大隐静脉桥71支;6支内乳动脉桥中,5支(83.33%)桥血管通畅,1支(16.67%)桥血管管腔狭窄;71支大隐静脉桥中,54支(76.06%)桥血管通畅,16支(22.54%)管腔狭窄,1支(1.40%)管腔闭塞。大隐静脉与内乳动脉桥血管狭窄、闭塞的发生率差异没有显著意义(P >0.05)。结论256层 CT 冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管的评价有较高的诊断价值,是一种简便、快速、无创、准确、安全的检查方法。     

双源CT冠状动脉成像评价冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅情况

目的探讨双源 CT 冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅状况的诊断价值.资料与方法38例患者于冠状动脉搭桥术后行双源 CT 冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影检查,以冠状动脉造影作为“金标准”,对双源 CT 冠状动脉成像结果进行分析.结果38例患者共检出桥血管92支,其中内乳动脉桥31支,大隐静脉桥61支;31支内乳动脉桥中,26支(83.9%)桥血管通畅,5支(16.1%)管腔狭窄、闭塞;61支大隐静脉桥血管中35支(57.4%)桥血管通畅;26支(42.6%)管腔狭窄、闭塞.大隐静脉桥血管狭窄、闭塞的发生率明显高于内乳动脉桥血管(P<0.05).双源 CT 冠状动脉成像评价桥血管狭窄、闭塞的敏感性为93.9%,特异性为100.0%.结论双源 CT 冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅状况的评价有较高的诊断价值,是一种快速、无创、准确、安全的检查方法.     

25例冠状动脉硬化性心脏病的外科治疗

目的：回顾性研究2000－05－2001－07我院25例行冠脉旁路移植手术病人的治疗效果。结果：术后22例患者心绞痛症状完全消失，1例冠状动脉弥漫性病变的患者仅偶尔需服用小剂量硝酸甘油制剂，症状即可明显改善，1例术后3例死于严重的感染，1例术中死于严重的鱼精蛋白过敏。结论：药物及介入治疗无效的冠心病病人采用冠状动脉旁路移植术是有效的方法。     

Multi-slice CT angiography in evaluation of extracranial-intracranial bypass

Multi-slice CT (MSCT) scanners provided significant improvement in vascular applications. In this study, our purpose was to determine the clinical utility of MSCTA in evaluation of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass patency. Eleven (4 men and 7 women; mean age, 46 years; age range, 19-68 years) consecutive patients who underwent MSCTA and DSA after EC-IC bypass surgery were evaluated retrospectively. All patients underwent DSA within 3 weeks of MSCTA. The indications for EC-IC bypass were severe stenosis or occlusion of intracranial arteries in seven patients and therapeutic occlusion of intracranial artery for unclippable giant aneurysm in four patients. Ten patients underwent superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass and one patient underwent occipital artery-posterior cerebral artery (PCA) bypass. Eight STA-MCA bypasses in six patients were patent on MSCTA which were confirmed on DSA. Two STA-MCA bypasses and one occipital artery-posterior cerebral artery (PCA) bypass were occluded in three patients on MSCTA and DSA. In one patient, minimal stenosis of the STA-MCA bypass was identified on MSCTA and DSA. In 1 patient, STA-MCA bypass was not well seen on MSCTA and suspected for occlusion. DSA identified the occlusion of bypass on this patient. MSCTA seems to be a very promising noninvasive technique in evaluation of EC-IC bypass.     

联合冠状动脉旁路移植术和其他心脏手术

目的　回顾分析联合冠状动脉旁路移植术和其他心脏手术的临床效果。方法　 134例患者中 ,75 .4 %例有Ⅲ～Ⅳ级心绞痛 (CCSS) ,5 1.2 %有个至少 1次心肌梗死史。冠状动脉造影示梗阻性病变在左主干 (LM) 34例次、左前降支 (LAD) 130例次、对角支 91例次、回旋支 84例次、右冠状动脉 80例次。伴有冠状动脉弥漫性病变 4 1例。左室射血分数 (LVEF) 18%～ 6 9% ,4 5 %～ 30 % 5 0例 ,<30 % 13例 ;伴左心室壁瘤 5 6例 ,同时伴瓣膜功能不全 4 2例。全部患者均在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,对 36例伴有冠状动脉弥漫性病变者同期激光心肌打孔 (TMLR) ,同期左心室壁瘤切除三明治式缝合11例 ,巨大室壁瘤心内补片左室成形 4 5例 ;同期心脏瓣膜手术 4 2例 (其中 4例患者同时心脏室壁瘤切除心内补片成型 )。结果　人均旁路 2 .4 6支 ,6例患者需IABP辅助 11～ 5 4h ;2次开胸止血 6例 ;并发室上速和房颤 2 8例 ,室性心律失常 10例 ,2例电转复 ,余均药物控制 ;全组手术死亡 3例 ,死亡原因分别为严重低心排综合征 (2例 )和多脏器功能衰竭。 131例患者手术后心绞痛等症状均缓解 ,心脏功能明显改善。随访 4～ 6 0个月 (平均 12 .7个月 ) ,随访率 89% ,6 5例已恢复全日工作。结论　与单纯冠状动脉旁路多植术相比 ,联合冠     

Cardiac CT angiography after coronary artery surgery in children using 64-slice CT scan

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice CT with that of invasive angiography in the detection of graft and/or coronary angioplasty stenosis in children who had undergone coronary artery surgery.

Population and methods

Fifteen consecutive children (8 male and 7 female; age 9.2 ± 6.1 years) underwent 64-slice CT because of chest pain or ECG changes mean 4.8 ± 3.7 years after surgical coronary artery surgery; 10 patients had coronary angioplasty using a patch from the saphenous vein, four had mammary artery bypass, and one had saphenous vein bypass. Six main segments of the coronary arteries and all the bypass graft considered as a single segment were analyzed and compared with invasive angiography used as the reference standard.

Results

CT correctly identified the four children with coronary angioplasty and mammary graft lesions that were confirmed by conventional angiography: one patient had a significant stenosis (>50% stenosis) at the mammary bypass graft anastomosis site; three other had non-significant stenosis (<50% stenosis) including a mild lesion of the saphenous vein patch in two patients and a mild lesion at the anastomosis site of the mammary bypass in one. All segments identified as normal by CT in the other 11 children were also found to be normal by conventional angiography.

Conclusion

In centers expert in this technique, 64-slice CT scanning is a promising, rapid, and useful diagnostic technique for evaluating both coronary angioplasty and bypass graft lesions in children who had undergone coronary artery surgery.     

Noninvasive evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft patency using three-dimensional angiography obtained with contrast-enhanced electron beam CT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of three-dimensional coronary angiography obtained with electron beam CT in the assessment of the patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery were included. All patients underwent electron beam CT and conventional coronary angiography for the evaluation of the status of their bypass grafts. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the heart and bypass grafts were compared with selective angiographic images of the bypass grafts. RESULTS: Fifty-seven saphenous vein grafts and 22 left internal mammary artery grafts were evaluated for occlusion or patency. Sensitivity and specificity of electron beam CT in revealing left internal mammary artery patency were 80% and 82.4%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of electron beam CT in revealing saphenous vein graft patency were 91.7% and 91.1%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of electron beam CT for evaluating saphenous vein grafts according to coronary area were as follows: saphenous vein grafts to left anterior descending artery, 100% and 100%, respectively; to diagonal branch, 100% and 100%; to left circumflex artery, 100% and 88.9%; and to right coronary artery, 75% and 85.7%. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional coronary angiography obtained with electron beam CT is a promising, useful, and relatively accurate diagnostic imaging technique for the evaluation of graft patency in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery.     

1879例成人非先天性心脏病患者双源CT检出的冠状动脉起源异常24例分析

目的：评价双源CT（DSCT）在成人非先天性心脏病患者冠状动脉起源异常检出中的价值。方法：回顾性分析2008年9月,2009年2月期间进行了DSCF冠状动脉检查的资料,总结成人非先天性心脏病患者冠状动脉起源异常的检出率。结果：1881例进行冠状动脉检查的患者中,共有1879例患者为非先天性心脏病患者,共检出了24例冠状动脉起源异常,检出率为1．3％。其中15例为右冠状动脉起源异常（12例起自左冠状窦,3例为高位起源）,8例为左冠状动脉起源异常（3例起自无冠状窦,回旋支起自左冠状窦、高位开口、回旋支起自右冠状动脉、左冠状动脉起自右冠状窦、单一冠状动脉各1例）,1例为左右冠状动脉均起源异常（均为高位开口）。结论：本组成人非先天性心脏病患者冠状动脉起源异常的检出率为1．3％。DSCT可很好地显示冠状动脉起源异常和走行,为临床决策提供重要信息。     

Feasibility of coronary CT angiography for guidance of CABG

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical safety and effectiveness of coronary revascularization in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) based exclusively on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) results.Methods53 patients (62.3 ± 7.1 years) underwent CCTA before a CABG surgery without prior invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The secondary endpoint was quality of life (QoL) assessed with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). All were collected one year after the surgery.ResultsCCTA revealed multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) in 52 patients. Indication for bypass surgery was made exclusively based on CCTA results. 136 distal anastomoses were performed. Assessment at 1 year (13.3 ± 1.4 months) was completed in 98.1% of the patients. MACE and mortality rates were 0%. The MLHFQ total score was 21.8 ± 8.7, and active lifestyle was maintained in all patients.ConclusionsIn this proof of concept prospective pilot study, we observed that non-invasive coronary angiography may provide adequate anatomic detail to guide CABG surgery. Further study of this concept is warranted.     

Three-dimensional respiratory-gated coronary MR angiography with reference to X-ray coronary angiography

Purpose: To assess the clinical value of three-dimensional coronary MR angiography (CMRA) in the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis using conventional X-ray angiography as the standard reference.

Material and Methods: Sixty-nine patients underwent X-ray coronary angiography and CMRA because of suspected or previously diagnosed coronary artery disease. MRI was performed with a 1.5-T whole body imaging system using ECG-triggered 3D gradient echo sequence with retrospective navigator echo respiratory gating and fat suppression.

Results: A total of 276 coronary artery segments were analyzed. The X-ray coronary angiography was normal in 22 patients. Significant proximal stenoses (exceeding 50%) or occlusions were present in 102 coronary artery segments. In all, 120 stenoses or occlusions were identified in CMRA. Sixteen percent of the coronary artery segments had to be excluded because of poor image quality. The overall sensitivity and specificity for MRA for identification of significant stenosis were 75% and 62%, respectively. CMRA correctly detected 89% of patients with at least one vessel disease, but 6 patients with coronary artery disease would have been missed.

Conclusions: Because of the high data exclusion and false- negative case rate, CMRA with retrospective navigator echo triggering is at present not suitable as a clinical screening method in coronary artery disease.     

Value of tomographic thallium-201 imagining in patients with chest pain following coronary artery bypass grafting

To determine whether thallium-201 washout profile analysis can detect regional myocardial ischemia caused by coronary artery bypass graft occlusion or progression of disease in nonbypassed coronary arteries, 19 consecutive patients with chest pain following bypass grafting were evaluated with coronary arteriography and thallium-201 scintigraphy. Twenty of the 55 coronary artery regions were perfused by an occluded bypass graft or a significantly stenosed (greater than or equal to 70% diameter narrowing) nonbypassed coronary artery, while 35 coronary regions were perfused by patent bypass grafts or insignificantly diseased coronary arteries. The tomographic thallium-201 washout profile results correlated with the bypass graft and coronary arteriographic findings (k = 0.67, P less than 0.001). The sensitivity of tomographic thallium-201 washout profile abnormalities for arteriographic abnormalities was 75%, while the specificity was 86%. The authors conclude that tomographic thallium-201 washout profile analysis may be very useful in the evaluation of patients with chest pain following coronary artery bypass grafting by detecting regional myocardial ischemia caused by occlusion of specific bypass grafts or progression of disease in nonbypassed coronary arteries.