不同手术方式治疗集合不足型间歇性外斜视疗效观察

目的探讨不同手术方式治疗集合不足型间歇性外斜视的疗效。方法将76例集合不足型间歇性外斜视患者,根据手术设计方式分为A、B两组,A组行双眼外直肌后徙术,B组行单眼内直肌缩短联合外直肌后徙术。术后随访,比较两组术后正位率、融合功能恢复率、立体视功能恢复率及残余性外斜视、连续性内斜视发生率。结果术后随访眼位总体正位率82.89%,A组为69.23%B组为90%,P〈0.05。术后融合功能恢复率、立体视功能恢复率、残余性外斜视和连续性内斜视发生率两组间差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论采用单眼外直肌后徙联合内直截除术治疗集合不足型间歇性外斜视,术后正位率、融合功能和立体视功能恢复均优于双眼外直肌后徙术。     

集合不足型外斜视手术治疗及双眼视觉重建的相关研究

目的:观察集合不足型外斜视术后双眼视功能的恢复及眼位回退情况。方法:对83例行单眼外直肌后徙联合内直肌缩短的集合不足型外斜视患者手术前后的眼位、双眼视功能、进行回顾性总结和分析。斜视手术以单眼外直肌后徙联合内直肌缩短为主设计。术前有一级视功能患者如术后欠矫则进一步在同视机下行双眼融合功能训练。术后随访6～12(平均8)mo。结果:术前视远平均外斜度为-35.6△(-15△～80△),视近平均外斜度为-56.5△(-30△～-95△);术后视远平均外斜度为-6.5△(+11△～-19△),视近平均外斜度为-13.2△(+9△～-20△),术后视远视近斜视度与术前视远视近斜视度的比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),术前双眼视功能和术后双眼视功能比较差异有显著性,术后远期视远视近外斜度的差值明显降低,平均斜视度差值从术前的19△下降到术后的5.5△(P=0.000)。结论:集合不足型外斜视患者行单眼外直肌后徙联合内直肌缩短;术后如双眼视功能进一步恢复则术后远期效果较好,回退率较低。     

不同手术方式治疗小度数基本型间歇性外斜视疗效观察

目的:比较单眼外直肌后退术与单眼小量外直肌后退联合小量内直肌缩短术治疗小度数基本型间歇性外斜视的疗效。方法:对73例小度数(斜视度-15~-30PD)基本型间歇性外斜视住院患者进行回顾性分析,所选病例分为A,B两组,A组行单眼外直肌后退术,B组行单眼小量外直肌后退联合小量内直肌缩短术。术后随访6mo,对两组的眼位,双眼单视功能(同时视、融合功能、远近立体视功能)分别进行观察和分析,比较两组术后正位率、双眼单视功能恢复率、欠矫及过矫发生率;比较年龄与双眼单视功能恢复率间的关系。结果:术后随访6mo,眼位正位率,B组明显高于A组,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后随访6mo,双眼同时视:两组同时视功能均基本恢复,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后随访6mo,双眼融合功能,远、近立体视功能恢复率B组均明显高于A组,两组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后随访6mo,年龄与双眼单视功能恢复率间差异:4~12岁组双眼融合功能,远、近立体视功能恢复率高于13~30岁组,两年龄组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用单眼小量外直肌后退联合小量内直肌缩短术治疗小度数基本型间歇性外斜视,术后眼位正位率、双眼单视功能恢复率均优于单眼外直肌后退术;早期手术更有利于双眼单视功能恢复。     

儿童共同性斜视手术治疗分析

目的探讨儿童共同性斜视的手术设计与方法、矫正效果及双眼单视功能建立状况,并对其相关因素进行分析。方法本组病例均经矫正屈光不正,治疗弱视。术前采用角膜映光法、视野弓法、三棱镜遮盖法详查斜视角,同视机检查双眼单视功能,颜氏立体图检查立体视锐度。手术方法为:集合过强型内斜视行双内直肌后徙;外展过强型外斜视行双外直肌后徙;基本型斜视60△以内行单眼后徙 缩短;70△以上行双眼三条直肌手术。术后2～6周复查眼位及双眼单视功能,随访观察6～12个月。结果术后正位率占91.80%,获得双眼单视者占57.38%,建立立体视者占34.43%。与成人相比,正位率无显著性差异(P>0.05),而双眼单视功能有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论儿童斜视手术如果术前详细检查,手术设计合理同样可取得良好效果,同时儿童斜视应尽早矫正眼位,使眼轴平行,建立双眼视觉,以便达到功能治愈。     

远视合并固定性内斜视手术效果分析

目的:分析远视合并固定内斜视的特征及手术效果.方法:远视合并固定性内斜视26例,水平内斜视20△者,行单眼内直肌后徙5mm;40△～60△者,双眼内直肌后徙5～6mm,垂直斜度20△者,行双上直肌后徙5mm:垂直斜度大于20△者,下斜肌亢进者行下斜肌转位术.术后,同视机训练3级视功能.结果:术后观察12wk,本组26例中,21例内斜视小于10△,4例10△～15△,1例过矫外斜小于15△,术后正位率77%.10例有周边融合,2级视功能占73%.其中6例有立体视,立体视锐角小于500"(Titloms立体视检查).9例弱视者视力提高6例,占67%.结论:远视合并固定性内斜视早期诊断,早期手术,有利于提高视力,三级视功能建立.     

单眼外直肌后徙术治疗儿童间歇性外斜视的疗效

目的探讨单眼外直肌后徙术对中、小度数儿童间歇性外斜视的疗效。方法回顾性系列病例研究。2009年4月至2010年3月期间行单眼外直肌后徙术治疗、斜视度为15^△-35^△的间歇性外斜视儿童69例。采用三棱镜加交替遮盖法测定患儿注视6m和33cm的斜视度,根据看远斜视度定量行7-10mm单眼外直肌后徙术。随访时间≥6个月。手术前后采用Worth四点灯检查中心和周边融合,采用Titmus立体视图测定立体视锐度。疗效评价标准以眼位-8^△-0^△为正位;第一眼位与侧向注视的斜视度相差≥10^△为非共同性阳性。采用X^2检验对数据进行分析。结果术后1-3d和≥6个月随访正位率分别为81％和62％,欠矫率分别为12％和36％。斜视度为30^△、35^△（外直肌后徙9．5-10mm）者欠矫率较高。术前与术后远期随访比较,具有正常中心融合和周边融合者比例的差异有统计学意义（X^2=21．9,P〈0．01;X^2=14．0,P〈0．01）,术后明显高于术前;具有正常立体视功能者比例的差异有统计学意义（X^2=15．0,P〈0．01）,术后明显高于术前。术后远期随访未见眼位非共同性阳性者。结论单眼外直肌后徙术治疗斜视度为15^△-25^△的儿童间歇性外斜视安全、有效。     

内直肌缩短治疗共同性外斜视手术的效果分析

目的:探讨双眼或单眼内直肌缩短术或联合外直肌后退术治疗集合不足型共同性外斜视的疗效。方法:收集行双眼或单眼内直肌缩短术或联合外直肌后退术的集合不足型共同性外斜视患者181例,术前及术后1wk;2,6mo均行常规的眼科检查、斜视角测量、眼球运动及同视机检查,分别对眼位、视功能等结果进行统计学分析。结果:术后1wk;2,6mo,患者正位率分别为80.1%,83.7%和81.3%,眼位同术前相比有明显改善(P<0.01),术后双眼视功能同术前相比无明显恢复(P>0.05)。结论:对于集合不足型共同性外斜视,行双眼或单眼内直肌缩短术可获得较满意的效果。     

间歇性外斜视手术前后双眼单视功能的临床观察

目的了解间歇性外斜视手术前后双眼单视功能的状况。方法对我院2001年3月至2008年4月110例间歇性外斜视行矫正手术的患者的双眼单视功能进行分析。结果间歇性外斜视手术后双眼单视功能均有所改善;用同视机进行训练后可以建立融合功能和立体视功能。结论间歇性外斜视患者术前应常规进行同视机检查,发现有异常,应及时行手术矫正眼位,有利于双眼单视和立体视觉的建立。     

间歇性外斜视手术治疗疗效分析

目的探讨间歇性外斜视最佳手术时期,术后眼位对患者术后复视及舒适度的影响。方法对546例患者随机行单眼外直肌后徙术,双眼外直肌等量后徙术、单眼内直肌缩短外直肌后徙术,双眼外直肌等量后徙术 内直肌缩短术,并对术后眼位及融合功能进行观察。结果546例患者,术后正位(交替遮盖0°～15△之间)493例,感觉舒适,术后残留外斜(交替遮盖≥-15△)45例,感觉尚可,术后微内斜交替遮盖( 2△～10△之间)8例患者感觉复视。     

融合功能训练对间歇性外斜视术后双眼视功能重建的价值

目的：探讨用同视机进行融合功能训练对间歇性外斜视术后患者双眼视功能重建的影响.方法：间歇性外斜视术后患者80例,分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组应用同视机进行融合功能训练,观察术后7,30,180,540 d的融合功能和立体视并比较分析.结果：治疗组融合功能恢复率达88%,高于对照组的60%（P＜0.05）;治疗组训练前后融合范围恢复比较,训练后融合范围明显提高;同视机检查治疗组立体视恢复率达65%,明显高于对照组的40%（P＜0.05）;Titmus立体图检查治疗组立体视恢复率达80%,明显高于对照组的55%（P＜0.05）;差异有统计学意义.结论：应用同视机对间歇性外斜视术后的患者进行融合功能训练对提高融合功能和双眼视功能的重建是有帮助的.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.