高压氧预处理对高原人体一氧化氮及其合酶的影响

目的:探讨高压氧预治疗(HBO)对高原人体一氧化氮及其合酶的影响。方法:①海拔3 700m的20名习服男青年,于HBO预处理前(对照组)、预处理5次(A组,10人)和预处理2次(B组,10人)后的第2天、第8天和第2天、第5天作自身对比运动负荷实验,运动结束后测血中检测一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶(NOS)的含量;②29名青年分为HBO组(11人)和对照组(18人),HBO组于进入高原前2天在海拔1 400m接受HBO预处理,每天一次,连续2天,第3天两组同时乘车进驻海拔5 200m,到达后第5天清晨采空腹静脉血;③20名青年自海拔1 400m乘车抵达海拔3 700m,分为HBO组(10人)和对照组(10人),HBO组连续HBO预处理3天,每天一次,第4天两组同时乘车进驻海拔5 380m,到达后第5天清晨采空腹静脉血。结果:海拔3 700m5、200m和5 380m,HBO预处理组较对照组NO、NOS增高,差别有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:HBO预处理可提高NO的含量,减轻缺氧组织的损伤,改善血液循环。适当延长HBO疗程,尽可能维持血清NO基态释放量,提高受到低氧抑制的NOS活性。     

高压氧预处理对进驻高原青年自由基代谢和血乳酸的影响

目的探讨高压氧（HBO）预处理对进驻高原青年自由基代谢和血乳酸的影响。方法①海拔3700m的20名习服男青年，于HBO预处理前（对照组）、预处理5次（A组，10人）和预处理2次（B组，10人）后的第2、8天和第2、5天作自身对比运动负荷实验，运动结束后测血中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸（BLA）、尿素氮（BUN）；②29名青年分为HBO组（11人）和对照组（18人），HBO组于进入高原前2d在海拔1400m接受HBO预处理，每天1次，连续2d，第3天两组同时乘车进驻海拔5200m，到达后第5天清晨空腹采静脉血；③20名青年自海拔1400m乘车抵达海拔3700m，分为HBO组（10人）和对照组（10人），HBO组连续HBO预处理3d，每天1次，第4天两组同时乘车进驻海拔5380m，到达后第5天清晨空腹采静脉血。结果进驻海拔3700、5200、5380m后，HBO预处理组较对照组SOD增高，BLA、BUN、MDA降低（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论HBO预处理可提高进驻高原者的抗氧化活力，降低血乳酸。     

高压氧预处理对高原移居者SOD和MDA的影响

目的:探讨高压氧(HBO)预处理对进驻高原人体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的影响.方法:①海拔3 700m的20名习服男青年,在HBO预处理前(对照组)、预处理5次(A组,10人)和预处理 2次(B组,10人)后的第2天、8天和第2天、5 天作自身对比运动负荷实验,运动结束后检测血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA);②29名青年分为HBO组(11人)和对照组(18人),HBO组于进入高原前2天在平原(海拔1 400m)接受HBO预处理,每天一次,连续2天,历时5天同时乘车进驻海拔5 200m,到达后第5天清晨空腹采静脉血检测SOD、MDA指标;③20名青年自海拔1 400m乘车抵达海拔3 700m,分为HBO组(10人)和对照组(10人),HBO组连续HBO预处理3天,每天一次,第4天两组历时1天同时乘车进驻海拔5 380m,进驻第5天清晨空腹采静脉血检测SOD、MDA指标.结果:海拔3 700m、5 200m 和5 380m,HBO预处理组较对照组SOD增高, MDA降低,差别显著(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论:HBO预处理可提高进驻高原者的抗氧化活力,改善高原低氧环境体内氧化与抗氧化之间的平衡紊乱,并可维持一定的时间,对于降低急性高原反应的发病率有很好的预防及治疗作用.     

沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂对初入高海拔地区青年一氧化氮及其合酶的影响

目的：探讨沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂对初入高海拔地区青年一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的影响,为预防和治疗急性高原病提供新的措施。方法：将34名受试者随机分为沙美特罗组（n=18）和对照组（n=16）,自海拔1400m历时5天进入5200m,从进入海拔5200m当天开始,沙美特罗组每天早晚各2次吸入沙美特罗替卡松粉1个剂量（沙美特罗50μg,丙酸氟替卡松100μg）,对照组用同样的方法吸入喷完的沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂的空准纳器。第5天清晨空腹采肘静脉血检测一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）指标。结果：沙美特罗组较对照组NO增高,差异显著（P〈0.05）,NOS两组无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：吸入沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂可提高进驻高原者的抗氧化活力,改善高原低氧环境体内氧化与抗氧化之间的平衡紊乱。     

西地那非对高原人体运动一氧化氮及其合酶的影响

目的探讨西地那非对高原人体运动一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶(NOS)的影响。方法在海拔3700m选择10名已习服半年的男性士兵,在海拔5380m选择10名已习服2个月的男性士兵,均采用服药前(对照组)后(实验组)的自身对比运动负荷双盲实验。运动结束检测血中NO及NOS的含量。结果海拔3700m和5380m负荷运动,实验组较对照组NO和NOS增高,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)结论西地那非可明显改善高原机体运动抗氧化能力,对细胞功能恢复、内环境的稳定有重要作用。     

部队经过阶梯适应性训练后急性高原反应发生情况调查

本文对482人由平原(海拔1400m)进驻海拔3700m,在该处适应性训练40d,然后快速(4h)进驻海拔5270m,随访7d,急性高原反应的发生率最高为32.3％.另一支部队134人在同一季节,同一路线,由平原途经5d到达海拔5010、5200和5380m,随访10d,急性高原反应的发生率最高为85.7％,有2人发生高原脑水肿合并高原肺水肿.作者认为,部队进入海拔5000m以上地区前应在海拔3700m左右进行1个月的阶梯适应性训练     

富氧水对高原人体运动自由基代谢的影响

目的:探讨富氧水对高原人体运动后自由基代谢的影响。方法:在海拔3700m选择10名已习服半年的健康男性青年,在海拔5380m选择10名已习服2个月的男性青年,均采用口服富氧水前(对照组)后(实验组)的自身对比运动负荷双盲实验。实验组口服富氧水,对照组口服5%葡萄糖注射液,每次500mL,一日2次,连续服用3天。运动结束后检测血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶(NOS)在口服富氧水前后的变化。结果:海拔3700m和5380m负荷运动后,实验组SOD、NO和NOS增高,差别有非常显著性(P<0.01);MDA降低,差别有显著性(P<0.05或0.01)。结论:富氧水可增加体内氧含量,对低氧造成的自由基代谢失衡有调节作用。     

富氧水对急进高原和高原人体运动血气的影响

目的探讨富氧水对急进高原和高原人体运动血气的影响。方法(1)在海拔3700m选择10名已习服半年的男性士兵,在海拔5380m选择10名已习服2个月的男性士兵,均采用口服富氧水前(对照组)后(试验组)的自身对比运动负荷双盲试验,试验组口服5%葡萄糖注射液制成的富氧水,对照组口服5%葡萄糖注射液,均每次500ml,2次/d。运动结束检测pH,PCO2,PO2,HCO3-,AaDO2及SaO2。(2)对首次进驻海拔5200m的36名男性青年,自海拔1400m驻地乘汽车2d到达海拔3700m当日随机分试验组(18人,口服富氧水)和对照组(18人,口服5%葡萄糖注射液),口服富氧水,方法同前。直至进入海拔5200m某哨卡第6天,共服9d,检测血气指标。结果(1)海拔3700m和5380m负荷运动,试验组较对照组pH,PaO2,HCO3-,SaO2增高,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05),PaCO2,AaDO2降低,也有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)进驻海拔5200m的青年,试验组较对照组pH,PaO2,HCO3-,SaO2增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),PaCO2,AaDO2降低,也有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论富氧水可增加组织对氧的利用,有效提高机体血液中PaO2和SaO2,缓解高原缺氧症状。为预防急性高原病的发生,为高原供氧开辟一条新的途径。     

高原富氧后运动对人体NO及NOS的影响

一氧化氮 (NO)介导和调节许多病理生理过程 ,包括对血管张力、血压及器官血液的调节。一氧化氮酶 (NOS)是NO生成的关键限速因子。本文在海拔 5 380m建立富氧室 ,研究富氧后运动对人体NO及NOS的影响。作者选取自平原 (海拔1 4 0 0m)进驻海拔 5 380m一个月的 1 0名 1 9岁～ 2 1岁男性汉族健康青年 ,分两批进入富氧室 ,每批 5人。富氧室容积为5 0 .5m3 ,维持室内O2 浓度为 2 7.0 %～ 2 8.0 %。受试者于晚 2 1 :30入富氧室 ,在室内休息睡眠至翌日 9:30。再于 (1 0～ 1 4 )时在室温 (1 8℃ )采受试者肘部静脉血检测NO和NOS。第 1次采血在…     

乙酰唑胺和高原维康片对高原人体运动时一氧化氮及其合酶的影响

目的　探讨 3种药物对高原人体运动时一氧化氮 (NO)及其合酶 (NOS)的影响。方法　对进驻海拔 3 70 0m高原 6个月的 40名健康青年随机分为高原维康片组、乙酰唑胺组、红牛饮料组和安慰剂组 ,每组 10名。在安静时、服药前、服药第 10天及停药第 10天分别采用功率自行车进行渐增负荷运动至力竭 ,测定血清中NO ,NOS含量。结果　力竭运动较安静时NO ,NOS含量增高 (P <0 .0 5或 0 .0 1) ;给予高原维康片、乙酰唑胺和红牛饮料 10d可明显增强NO ,NOS活性 (P <0 .0 5或 0 .0 1)。停药 10d乙酰唑胺组NO ,NOS仍高于服药前。结论　乙酰唑胺和高原维康片均能增强高原运动时NOS活性 ,增强氧合作用 ,改善血管内皮功能。且乙酰唑胺效果更好     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.