高寒地区老年人群膳食模式与慢性病的相关性分析

目的了解高寒地区老年人群的膳食模式类型并分析不同膳食模式与慢性病的相关性。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取齐齐哈尔市年龄≥65周岁的2 738名常住居民进行调查,运用因子分析的方法建立膳食模式,应用logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式与慢性病的关系。结果经因子分析提取出4种膳食模式:模式1"动植物蛋白膳食模式"、模式2"零食小吃膳食模式"、模式3"果蔬类膳食模式"、模式4"谷薯类膳食模式";经logistic回归分析显示,模式1是肥胖的危险因素(OR=1.309,95%CI=1.027～1.669,P0.05);模式2是糖尿病的危险因素(OR=1.319,95%CI=1.040～1.672,P0.05);模式3是高脂血症的保护因素(OR=0.722,95%CI=0.541～0.964,P0.05)。结论动植物蛋白膳食模式及零食小吃膳食模式能够增加高寒地区老年人慢性病的发病风险;应针对不同膳食模式人群加强公众健康教育,倡导平衡膳食,控制慢性病的发生发展。     

重庆市长寿区30～79岁居民膳食模式与高尿酸血症关系

目的 了解重庆市长寿区居民膳食模式及其与高尿酸血症的关系,为高尿酸血症的预防控制提供参考依据。方法 2018年9—12月采用分层整群抽样方法在长寿区抽取1 004名30～79岁成年居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测;采用因子分析提取膳食模式,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析膳食模式与高尿酸血症的关系。结果 长寿区30～79岁居民高尿酸血症患病率为10.36%,因子分析得出4种膳食模式,分别为蛋奶水果模式、肉食模式、素食模式和主食模式,累计方差贡献率为41.58%。在调整相关混杂因素后发现,高水平肉食模式是高尿酸血症的危险因素(OR=2.39,95%CI:1.27～4.52);高水平素食模式是高尿酸血症的保护因素(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.29～0.98)。结论 重庆市长寿区居民的肉食模式与素食模式与高尿酸血症患病密切相关,应推广健康膳食模式。     

哈尔滨市居民膳食模式与高血压的关系

目的通过了解哈尔滨市居民膳食模式的特点,探索不同膳食模式与高血压的关系。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,2014年对哈尔滨市辖区9区9县(市)抽取的10 618名18岁及以上常住居民进行基线调查,获得有效样本9 902例。采集一般情况、食物频率、慢性病等信息,应用因子分析方法建立膳食模式,分析不同膳食模式与高血压的关系。结果哈尔滨市常住居民高血压患病率为30.63%,其中男性为31.39%,女性为29.97%。因子分析得到5种膳食模式,其中传统健康模式、甜品模式、饮酒模式与高血压患病率差异有统计学意义。经多因素logistic回归分析,传统健康模式因子得分与高血压呈负关联(OR=0.896,95%CI 0.633~1.270),而甜品模式(OR=1.022,95%CI 0.668~1.562)和饮酒模式(OR=1.436,95%CI 1.032~1.997)因子得分与高血压呈正关联。结论膳食模式与高血压密切相关,减少酒类摄入,养成健康的饮食习惯,对预防控制高血压具有重要意义。     

上海市35岁及以上居民膳食模式对2型糖尿病患病的影响

【目的】了解上海市35岁及以上居民膳食模式对2型糖尿病患病情况的影响。【方法】资料来自2013年上海市慢性病及行为危险因素监测结果,选择新确诊2型糖尿病居民和非糖尿病居民作为研究对象,采用因子分析法建立膳食模式,并应用logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式对糖尿病患病情况的影响。【结果】采用因子分析得到上海市35岁及以上居民有5种膳食模式:动植物蛋白模式、奶蛋果蔬模式、果汁饮料模式、高脂高盐模式和谷蔬猪肉模式,高脂高盐模式的糖尿病患病率最高。调整混杂因素后,用logistic回归分析比较谷蔬猪肉膳食模式与其它膳食模式的糖尿病患病风险,高脂高盐模式的患病风险更高(OR=1.307,95%CI:1.088～1.571)。【结论】控油控盐、均衡的膳食模式对降低2型糖尿病患病风险有积极作用,应因地制宜地调整膳食结构和饮食习惯,预防和控制糖尿病的发生。     

哈尔滨市成年居民膳食模式与高血压患病关系

目的了解中国北方城市哈尔滨居民饮食习惯和膳食模式与高血压患病关系。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法共抽取哈尔滨市42个社区,使用食物频率表对12 865名20~74岁常住居民进行膳食调查,有效调查8 591人,使用因子分析方法建立膳食模式,应用logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式与高血压的关系。结果 8 591名居民中,高血压患者3 386例,总患病率为39.4%,其中男性患病率为47.4%(1 447/3 051),女性为35.0%(1 939/5 540);因子分析得到5种膳食模式、即主食模式、植物食物模式、均衡膳食模式、豆类食物模式、动物食物模式;经logistic回归分析,均衡膳食模式为高血压患病的保护因素(OR=0.86,95%CI=0.81~0.92,P0.000 1),能降低高血压患病风险;对年龄、性别、教育、BM I、吸烟、饮酒、运动、高血压家族史和总能量摄入进行校正,高盐摄入组患病风险为低盐摄入组的1.62倍(OR=1.62,95%CI=1.29~2.04,P0.000 1);食用油摄入油腻组高血压的患病风险为清淡组的1.10倍(OR=1.10,95%CI=1.01~1.43,P=0.004)。结论高盐和油腻的饮食习惯,以及不均衡的膳食模式能增加我国北方居民高血压患病风险,应该调整膳食结构和饮食习惯,预防和控制高血压的发生。     

高血压等慢性病 近年低龄化明显

正传统观念认为只有上了年龄的老人才会得高血压,但现在越来越多的20多岁的年轻人也成为高血压患者。当前,我国居民膳食结构不合理问题较为突出,造成高血压、糖尿病等与膳食相关的慢性病患病率攀升,且低龄化趋势明显。对此,专家建议,居民应更加重视合理膳食在慢性病防控中的作用,提升预防慢性病发生和发展的能力。近年,我国居民物质和生活条件大     

高血压等慢性病 近年低龄化明显

正传统观念认为只有上了年龄的老人才会得高血压,但现在越来越多的20多岁的年轻人也成为高血压患者。当前,我国居民膳食结构不合理问题较为突出,造成高血压、糖尿病等与膳食相关的慢性病患病率攀升,且低龄化趋势明显。对此,专家建议,居民应更加重视合理膳食在慢性病防控中的作用,提升预防慢性病发生和发展的能力。近年,我国居民物质和生活条件大为改善,但膳食结构仍然不够合理,加     

居民膳食结构与慢性非传染性疾病的关系调查

目的：探讨居民膳食结构和慢性非传染性疾病患病率之间的关系,为指导居民调整膳食结构,积极干预慢性病发生提供依据。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法,根据＂中国居民营养与健康状况调查＂方案追踪调查。采用食物频率法调查各种食物消费率及消费量,通过体格检查和血样分析获得慢性病相关数据。结果：南京市建邺区居民以传统型膳食模式为主,2007年平均每标准人日豆类、蔬菜、水果、奶类、蛋类、水产品和盐的摄入量高于2002年;谷类、畜禽肉类的摄入量低于2002年。与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔相比,蔬菜、水果、奶类仍然不足;肉类、蛋类等动物性食品以及油盐摄入量高于推荐标准。居民高血压等慢病患病率继续上升,与饮食因素密切相关。结论：南京市建邺区居民的膳食营养水平较5年前有改善,但仍然存在膳食结构不合理问题,与其相关的高血压等慢性病呈上升趋势。应继续开展营养干预和膳食指导工作,促进居民形成健康的饮食消费行为,提高其营养健康水平,遏制相关慢性病的发生。     

台湾地区成年人膳食模式与高血压相关关系探讨

目的分析探讨台湾地区成年人群不同膳食模式与高血压之间关系。方法依照纳入标准,选取65 140名于2006年参加台湾美兆健康体检,年龄20～75岁的对象作为研究人群,对其食物摄入和生活方式进行调查和评估。依据JNC-Ⅶ标准确定高血压。采用因子分析和多因素logistic回归方法,分析该人群男性和女性主要膳食模式及其与高血压患病之间关联。结果因子分析共得到4种不同的膳食模式,分别为"蛋白质"膳食模式、"鱼蛋奶素食"膳食模式、"西方"膳食模式、"蛋及乳制品"膳食模式。调整年龄、BMI、体育活动、教育程度、吸烟、饮酒等因素后,与"西方"膳食模式相比,"鱼蛋奶"膳食模式、"蛋白质"膳食模式及"蛋及乳制品"膳食模式与男性高血压的患病风险降低有关,其OR(95%CI)分别为0.95(0.92～0.98)、0.97(0.94～0.99)和0.94(0.91～0.97);"蛋白质"膳食模式与女性高血压患病风险降低有关,其OR为0.96(95%CI 0.92～0.99)。结论摄入较多的蛋白质、乳制品及蔬菜、水果与高血压患病风险降低有关,且在男性人群中更显著。     

贵州省成年居民膳食模式与代谢综合征的关系

目的分析贵州省成年居民的膳食模式与代谢综合征(MS)的关系,为政府制定相关政策提供依据。方法利用2015年"中国成人慢性病与营养监测"项目中贵州省8个监测点≥18岁成年人调查资料,对1 840名研究对象进行分析,通过因子分析获得膳食模式,采取非条件logistic回归探索不同膳食模式与MS及其组分的关系。结果共提取4种膳食模式:模式1"素食型模式"(33.59%)、模式2"快餐模式"(3.53%)、模式3"肉菜模式"(32.01%)和模式4"日常模式"(30.87%);不同地区和民族居民模式1的报告率存在统计学差异(P0.05),不同地区居民模式2的报告率存在统计学差异(P0.05),不同性别居民模式3报告率存在统计学差异(P0.05),不同民族居民模式4报告率存在统计学差异(P0.05)。非条件logistic回归分析发现:模式1是高血糖的危险因素;模式2是高TG血症和血压偏高的保护因素;模式3是腹部肥胖和低HDL-C血症的危险因素;模式4是MS的保护因素。结论贵州省居民4种膳食模式与MS及其组分存在一定关联,应依据此联系加强人群营养教育,倡导平衡多样膳食,以减少MS及其组分发生的风险。     

Dietary patterns and cardio-cerebrovascular disease in a Chinese population

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Dietary pattern and its association with cardio-cerebrovascular disease have not been studied in Baoji city by now. This study was aimed to identify the dietary patterns among Chinese adults in Baoji, and explore the association between these dietary patterns and cardio-cerebrovascular disease.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

A total of 4,968 participants were included in this study at 12 counties. With multistage stratified random sampling and semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire, the prevalence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and dietary intake were investigated in 2013. We used factor analysis to establish dietary patterns.

RESULTS

A total of 4,968 participants over 15 years old were included in this study. Five dietary patterns were identified in Baoji: protein, balanced, beans, prudent, and traditional patterns. The protein dietary pattern mainly included animal and plant proteins and was negatively associated with hypertension as well as stroke. The balanced pattern included carbohydrates, protein, and fat and was negatively associated with hypertension as well as stroke. The beans pattern was mainly beans and beans products and was negatively associated with hypertension. The prudent pattern only included staple foods and pickled vegetables and was positively associated with hypertension as well as coronary heart disease. The traditional pattern was representative of local Baoji traditional recipes and was positively associated with hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS

The protein, balanced, and beans dietary patterns showed many protective effects on cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Based on these results, Baoji city residents should be encouraged to choose protein, balanced, and beans dietary patterns and abandon prudent and traditional patterns to prevent incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke.     

Animal v. plant foods in human diets and health: is the historical record unequivocal?

An ideal diet is one that promotes optimal health and longevity. Throughout history, human societies have developed varieties of dietary patterns based on available food plants and animals that successfully supported growth and reproduction. As economies changed from scarcity to abundance, principal diet-related diseases have shifted from nutrient deficiencies to chronic diseases related to dietary excesses. This shift has led to increasing scientific consensus that eating more plant foods but fewer animal foods would best promote health. This consensus is based on research relating dietary factors to chronic disease risks, and to observations of exceptionally low chronic disease rates among people consuming vegetarian, Mediterranean and Asian diets. One challenge to this consensus is the idea that palaeolithic man consumed more meat than currently recommended, and that this pattern is genetically determined. If such exists, a genetic basis for ideal proportions of plant or animal foods is difficult to determine; hominoid primates are largely vegetarian, current hunter-gatherer groups rely on foods that can be obtained most conveniently, and the archeological record is insufficient to determine whether plants or animals predominated. Most evidence suggests that a shift to largely plant-based diets would reduce chronic disease risks among industrialized and rapidly-industrializing populations. The accomplish this shift, it will be necessary to overcome market-place barriers and to develop new policies that will encourage greater consumption of fruits, vegetables and grains as a means to promote public health.     

江苏省城乡居民1990～1999年食物结构与营养相关性疾病变化分析

根据江苏省城乡居民食物消费随机抽样调查和疾病监测结果 ,对九十年代江苏省城乡居民食物结构与营养相关性疾病进行了研究。结果表明 ,江苏省城乡居民膳食结构在九十年代发生明显变化 ,谷类人均消费量逐年减少 ,动物性食物消费大幅增加。城市居民期望膳食模式 (DDP)评分保持在 90分以上但却因动物性食物超过最大允许值而使扣分增加。城乡居民传染病死亡率在九十年代显著下降 ,但城市居民糖尿病、高血压病、冠心病、肠癌、乳腺癌 (女 )死亡率呈快速增长态势。城市居民膳食结构变化对健康产生的负面影响应引起重视。     

陕西汉中农村居民膳食结构与营养状况研究

目的探讨陕西汉中农村居民的膳食结构特点及营养素摄入状况。方法采用半定量食物频率问卷于2010年对汉中市18～80岁农村常住居民的膳食进行横断面调查。结果共调查2958人,调查对象平均年龄50.0岁;平均受教育年限为6.8年。因子分析提取4个主要因子,反映4种膳食结构类型,分别定义为均衡模式、素食模式、饮酒模式和节俭模式。各类食物中,调查人群谷类、豆类、油脂类和食盐的平均每标准人日摄入量均高于2002年中国农村居民的平均水平(P<0.05),并且除豆类外,均高于推荐摄入量;动物性食物、蛋奶类和新鲜水果则显著低于全国平均水平(P<0.01)。各类营养素中,调查人群的能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌等每标准人日平均摄入量显著低于全国农村平均水平(P<0.01);脂肪、钙和部分维生素则显著高于全国水平(P<0.01)。仅脂肪、维生素C和E、钠、铁和锰达到或超过膳食营养素参考摄入量(RNI)(88.8%～315.3%),其他营养素均未达到RNI标准。近51%的能量来自谷类,动物性食物只提供了7.1%的能量和11.4%的蛋白质,均低于全国农村平均水平;58.9%的铁来自谷类。结论汉中农村居民的膳食中虽然包含了中国膳食指南推荐的主要食物种类,但食物摄入量并不理想。     

靖西县壮族居民高血压病患病及影响因素分析

目的了解广西壮族自治区靖西县壮族居民高血压患病情况及其影响因素,为高血压的干预治疗提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法对在靖西县抽取的南坡乡汤峒村和同德乡亮表村共561名≥20周岁壮族居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果靖西县壮族居民的高血压患病率和标化患病率分别为22.6%和22.1%;多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果表明,男性、肥胖、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒和喜食肥肉或动物内脏是壮族居民高血压患病的危险因素;饮茶、素食和运动是壮族居民高血压患病的保护因素。结论靖西县壮族居民高血压患病率较高,性别、肥胖、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒、喜食肥肉或动物内脏、饮茶、饮食类型和运动情况是壮族居民高血压患病的相关影响因素。     

Nutritional influence on risk of high blood pressure in Bangladesh: a population-based cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: The nutritional determinants of hypertension in Bangladesh and other low-income countries are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the associations of general hypertension with nutrient intakes and diet patterns in Bangladesh. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 11 116 participants enrolled in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Bangladesh. Dietary intakes were measured by use of a validated food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Three major dietary patterns were identified by using principal component analysis: 1) the "balanced" pattern, which was characterized by rice, some meat, small fish, fruit, and vegetables; 2) the "animal protein" pattern, which was more heavily weighted on meat, milk, poultry, eggs, bread, large fish, and fruit; and 3) the "gourd and root vegetable" pattern, which consisted largely of squashes and root and leafy vegetables. Adjusted prevalence odds ratios for general hypertension in increasing quintiles of balanced pattern scores were 1.00 (reference), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.97), 0.82 (0.68, 0.97), 0.79 (0.66, 0.94), and 0.71 (0.59, 0.85) (P for trend < 0.01). Prevalence odds ratios for general hypertension in increasing quintiles of animal protein pattern scores were 1.00 (reference), 1.30 (1.01, 1.52), 1.20 (1.01, 1.47), 1.22 (1.00, 1.44), and 1.21 (1.03, 1.49) (P for trend = 0.23). Markers of high socioeconomic status were positively associated with the animal protein pattern. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the importance of dietary patterns in general hypertension in a low-income population undergoing the early stage of the epidemiologic transition.     

陕西省汉中地区农村居民膳食结构状况与高血压患病关系的研究

目的 探讨陕西省汉中地区农村居民膳食结构特点及其与高血压的关系.方法 2010年采用半定量食物频率问卷对汉中地区18～80岁农村常住居民膳食进行横断面调查并测量血压,利用SPSS 13.0软件的因子分析模块建立膳食模式,并运用多元logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式与高血压间的关系.结果 共调查2929人,调查对象平均年龄50.0岁,平均受教育年限为6.8年.高血压患病率为34.3％,男性为35.4％,女性为33.7％.共调查29类食物,其中11类食物的中位摄入频率为≥1次/周.提取4个主要因子做因子分析,以反映4种膳食结构类型,将研究对象按每个因子得分的四分位数分为4组(Q1～Q4),以Q1为参照采用logistic回归模型分析显示,控制年龄、性别、体重指数、经济收入和受教育程度后,倾向于均衡模式即能显著降低高血压患病的危险性(OR=0.59,95％CI:0.44～ 0.77).结论膳食模式与高血压的患病密切相关,合理膳食应是防治高血压的重要措施之一.     

Nutrient Profiles of Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Dietary Patterns

BackgroundDifferences in nutrient profiles between vegetarian and nonvegetarian dietary patterns reflect nutritional differences that can contribute to the development of disease.ObjectiveOur aim was to compare nutrient intakes between dietary patterns characterized by consumption or exclusion of meat and dairy products.DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 71,751 subjects (mean age=59 years) from the Adventist Health Study 2. Data were collected between 2002 and 2007. Participants completed a 204-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns compared were nonvegetarian, semi-vegetarian, pesco vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian, and strict vegetarian. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze differences in nutrient intakes by dietary patterns and was adjusted for age, sex, and race. Body mass index and other relevant demographic data were reported and compared by dietary pattern using χ² tests and analysis of variance.ResultsMany nutrient intakes varied significantly between dietary patterns. Nonvegetarians had the lowest intakes of plant proteins, fiber, beta carotene, and magnesium compared with those following vegetarian dietary patterns, and the highest intakes of saturated, trans, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic fatty acids. The lower tails of some nutrient distributions in strict vegetarians suggested inadequate intakes by a portion of the subjects. Energy intake was similar among dietary patterns at close to 2,000 kcal/day, with the exception of semi-vegetarians, who had an intake of 1,707 kcal/day. Mean body mass index was highest in nonvegetarians (mean=28.7 [standard deviation=6.4]) and lowest in strict vegetarians (mean=24.0 [standard deviation=4.8]).ConclusionsNutrient profiles varied markedly among dietary patterns that were defined by meat and dairy intakes. These differences are of interest in the etiology of obesity and chronic diseases.     

The potential of diet to alter disease processes

Diet is a strong factor in the control of atherosclerosis relating to general vascular disease, coronary heart disease and stroke. The interrelated disorders in atherosclerosis of hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension are strongly subject to dietary influence. The type of dietary protein, animal versus plant, appears to be as important as the type of lipid, animal versus plant, in atherosclerosis. Dietary protein type, with its differing amino acid ratios, appears to be a major secretagogue of insulin.

Diabetes mellitus, or Type II, diabetes is a related disease where diet is a possible causal or at least a strong contributing factor. Diet is the beginning and continuing basis for the control of Type II diabetes. Interestingly, diabetics have a high incidence of atherosclerosis.

Renal failure has a long history of treatment with protein-restricted diets. Dietary plant protein is a possible therapy mechanism for the treatment of chronic and acute renal failure.

Patients with rheumatic arthritis appear to be helped by specialized dietary approaches. A few examples of the use of vegetarian diets look very promising. Individual arthritic sensitivities or reactivities to certain foods appear to warrant more study.

Osteoporosis is a disease or metabolic disturbance, particularly in postmenopausal women, that shows a need for very high dietary calcium intake. High calcium requirements appear to be related to the very high protein intake of the modern Western diet. A decreased protein intake, as can be obtained on a total vegetarian (vegan) diet, can allow for calcium balance, in a variety of age groups, from one-third to one-fifth the amount of daily calcium required on the Western diet.

Cancer of the breast, colon and prostate appears to have a strong dietary relationship. The incidence of cancer is significantly greater on the modern Western diet than on a vegetarian or vegan diet. The greater antioxidant vitamin content, higher fiber level, higher complex carbohydrate, more unsaturated and less saturated fat, along with a variety of anticancer like compounds in vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, and fruits are all dietary factors that appear to reduce the risk of cancer.     

妊娠晚期妇女膳食模式与营养相关疾病的关联性研究

目的 了解潍坊市妊娠晚期妇女膳食模式与营养相关疾病的关系。 方法 对在潍坊市某三甲医院产检的350名妊娠晚期妇女进行问卷调查并收集相关信息,膳食调查部分采用半定量食物频率法,数据处理中采用因子分析归纳膳食模式,用logistic回归分析探寻膳食模式与相关疾病的关系。 结果 ①因子分析归纳出4种膳食模式:营养型、零食型、荤食型、素食型。②膳食模式相关分析:4种膳食模式除钙外,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素A、维生素C、维生素D、铁等各类营养素每日摄入量均不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示四型膳食模式孕妇的年龄(χ²=19.852,P=0.019)、体重增长(χ²=30.545,P=0.000)、知识得分(χ²=17.603,P=0.001)、贫血(χ²=15.465,P=0.001)、文化程度(χ²=34.378,P=0.000)、职业(χ²=34.915,P=0.003)、收入(χ²=24.417,P=0.004)、下肢水肿(χ²=10.295,P=0.016)、患病数量(χ²=14.396,P=0.002)及血糖异常(χ²=18.167,P=0.044)分布差异有统计学意义,对膳食模式进行多分类logistic回归分析显示零食型膳食模式与妊娠期糖耐量异常具有相关性(OR=4.986, 95%CI:1.274~19.525),荤食型膳食模式与患妊娠期超重和下肢水肿具有相关性(OR₁=4.707,95%CI:1.084~20.441;OR₂=2.690,95%CI:1.061~6.816),素食型膳食模式与患妊娠期贫血和妊娠期患病数量具有相关性(OR₁=0.443,95%CI:0.254~0.772;OR₂=1.919,95%CI:1.076~3.420)。③膳食模式与营养相关疾病分析:二分类logistic回归分析显示,膳食模式与贫血(OR=2.576,95%CI:1.540~4.309)、妊娠期超重(OR= 6.220,95%CI:2.399~16.127)及妊娠期高血压(OR=20.656,95%CI:1.192~357.867)、糖耐量异常(OR=4.587,95%CI:1.092~19.261)均具有相关性。 结论 膳食模式与妊娠晚期相关疾病如妊娠期贫血、体重增长超标、妊娠期高血压和糖耐量异常的形成密切相关;孕期不合理的营养摄入可以导致相关疾病的发生,应加强健康教育,加强孕期营养监督和指导,改善母婴健康,从而为早期营养干预提供科学依据。