Severe local reaction following live measles virus in guinea pigs previously inoculated with killed virus

Guinea pigs were immunized with inactivated measles virus. When challenged with live virus by the intradermal route, most of the animals developed an area of erythema within 24 to 48 hours; however, an unexpected feature of the skin-testing was that some of the guinea pigs developed a very severe necrotic reaction by the sixth or seventh day.     

Measles and measles immunity in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus

The development of measles vaccination recommendations for immunodeficient children infected with human immunodeficiency virus requires assessment of disease risk and the risks and benefits of vaccination. Measles in 4 such children resulted in 3 severe pneumonias and 1 death despite previous immunization in 2. Antibody to measles as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was present in 3 (12.5%) of 24 children studied retrospectively and developed in only 2 (25%) of 8 children immunized and followed up prospectively. The sera of 9 of 24 children had antibody when tested by sensitive hemagglutination inhibition. Measles developed in 2 of 6 children who had negative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results and positive hemagglutination inhibition results. No adverse consequences of measles immunization were detected. Although the immunogenicity of measles vaccine in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus was low and vaccine failure occurred, the apparent safety provides the rationale for immunization in the face of a potentially fatal disease. Since neither documented immunization nor low-level antibody guaranteed immunity to measles, we recommend passive postexposure immunoglobulin prophylaxis for all children infected with human immunodeficiency virus.     

Age-related response to 1000 CCA unit zonally purified, inactivated influenza vaccines in volunteers in the U.S.A

Response to 1000 CCA unit Aichi/68 and Japan/57 influenza vaccines was studied in 687 volunteers from ages 6-101 in the summer of 1971. The vaccines, prepared by zonal ultracentrifugation, were well tolerated in all age-groups. Antibody responses were comparable with each vaccine and were strongly influenced by age of the volunteer. Persons born since 1940 (age 31 and under) had a much more impressive response as determined by both overall geometric mean titre rise and% with ≥ four-fold increase in titre than persons born before 1940. The most reasonable explanation for this phenomenon seems to be the greater prior exposure of the younger age-groups to the strains in the vaccines. It is concluded that more attention needs to be given in the future to assessing vaccine potency in the age-groups for which the maximum protection is desired, namely, the elderly.     

Successful immunization of children with and without maternal antibody by aerosolized measles vaccine. I. Different results with undiluted human diploid cell and chick embryo fibroblast vaccines

Inhalation of undiluted, aerosolized measles vaccine was immunogenic in 100% of 4- to 6-month-old and older children with and without residual maternal antibody when the human diploid cell (HDC) vaccine containing the Iki? (Edmonston-Zagreb) strain and 1% human albumin was used but in a smaller percentage of infants given a chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) vaccine, which contained the Edmonston-Schwarz strain, ten times more virus, and hypertonic sugar solution but no added protein. Prevaccination residual placentally transmitted plaque-neutralizing antibody titers of 25 to 512 that can prevent an immune response after subcutaneous injection of measles vaccine did not prevent an immune response after inhalation of aerosolized vaccine. There were no immediate clinical reactions in the 160 children who inhaled the aerosolized vaccines, and no significant subsequent reactions among the 96 children who were successfully immunized. There were no contact infections.     

流行性出血热病毒灭活疫苗诱导小鼠产生特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应

为评价流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）疫苗接种对机体细胞免疫功能的影响，作者初步探讨了疫苗免疫小鼠脾细胞增殖及产生白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）的能力，结果表明：疫苗免疫小鼠脾细胞对刀豆素Ａ（ＣｏｎＡ）的增殖指数为１０１．１７±３３．７２，正常对照小鼠为７９．８５±２０．６０，·免疫组显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），疫苗免疫组对流行性出血热病毒（ＥＨＦｖ）抗原的增殖指数为３．８３±２．０９，显著高于正常对照组（０．７５±０．３４，Ｐ＜０．０１）．两组小鼠脾细胞在ＣｏｎＡ诱导下产生ＩＬ－２的活性则免疫组显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），上述结果表明，灭活疫苗接种可提高小鼠淋巴细胞增殖能力，且对病毒抗原的刺激产生明显的ＩＬ－２反应．     

Specific fluorescein-labeled antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus prepared from sera of rabbits immunized with purified virus

Specific fluorescein-labeled antibody conjugates to three strains of bovine virus diarrhea virus were prepared from hyperimmune rabbit sera. Viruses used to hyperimmunize the rabbits were purified by four different procedures. Conjugates were comparable in quality and specificity to conjugates prepared from serum of a calf hyperimmunized to bovine virus diarrhea virus in our laboratory. The latter conjugate was tested by Biologics Laboratories, National Veterinary Services, U.S.D.A., Ames, Iowa.