格列喹酮对糖基化终产物诱导的人肾系膜细胞RANTES表达的影响

目的探讨格列喹酮对糖基化终产物（AGEs）诱导的人肾系膜细胞（HRMC）正常T细胞表达分泌的调节活化蛋白（RANTES）表达的影响。方法运用糖基化修饰的牛血清白蛋白（AGE-BSA）和格列喹酮干预体外培养的HRMC,用半定量RT-PCR检测细胞中RANTES mRNA水平,用ELISA法测定细胞培养上清中RANTES蛋白水平。结果格列喹酮干预组HRMC RANTES的mRNA表达和蛋白分泌低于AGE-BSA组（P〈0.05）,且降低水平呈浓度和时间依赖性。结论格列喹酮能抑制糖基化终产物诱导的HRMC RANTES的表达和分泌。     

罗格列酮对糖基化终产物干预的人肾系膜细胞fractalkine表达的影响

观察罗格列酮和糖基化终产物对人肾系膜细胞fractalkine(FKN)表达的影响.结果 显示糖基化终产物能上调人肾系膜细胞的FKN表达,而罗格列酮能抑制糖基化终产物引起的FKN表达增加.     

氨基胍对糖基化终产物干预后人肾系膜细胞MMP-2表达的影响

目的观察盐酸氨基胍（AG）对糖基化终产物（AGEs）干预后人肾系膜细胞（HRMC）基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）表达的影响。方法运用糖基化终产物-牛血清白蛋白（AGE-BSA）干预HRMC,以及不同浓度AG单独或与AGE-BSA共同干预HRMC24小时;RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测HRMC MMP-2mRNA和蛋白表达。结果AGE-BSA明显降低HRMC MMP-2mRNA和蛋白表达（P〈0.05）,AG以浓度依赖的方式恢复AGE-BSA下调的HRMC MMP-2mRNA和蛋白表达（P〈0.05）。结论AG可能通过拮抗AGEs对MMP-2表达的抑制效应而发挥其肾脏保护作用。     

色素上皮衍生因子抑制糖基化终产物介导人肾小球系膜细胞糖基化终产物受体表达的研究

目的 观察色素上皮衍生因子（PEDF）、晚期糖基化终产物受体（RAGE）的表达及重组PEDF对RAGE表达的抑制作用,探讨PEDF与DN的关系及对DN的保护作用. 方法 采用糖化小牛血清白蛋白（AGE-BSA）体外诱导人肾小球系膜细胞（HRMCs）,Western blot及RT-PCR法分别检测RAGE、PEDF蛋白和mRNA表达. 结果 （1） AGE-BSA（100～400 mg/L）呈浓度梯度减少HRMCsPEDF表达（P＜0.01）,升高RAGE表达（P＜0.01）;（2）重组PEDF蛋白（5～40 nmol/L）呈浓度依赖性抑制AGE-BSA介导RAGE蛋白在HRMCs的表达（P＜0.05）. 结论 AGEs通过降低PEDF表达,增加RAGE表达参与DN的发生,PEDF可能通过抑制AGE-RAGE轴对DN发挥保护作用.     

罗格列酮抑制糖基化终产物诱导心肌成纤维细胞增殖和结缔组织生长因子及Smad的表达

目的 探讨糖基化终产物(AGE)对培养乳鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)和Smad2、Smad4蛋白表达的影响及罗格列酮的干预作用.方法 采用胰酶消化法和差速贴壁分离法获取心肌成纤维细胞,应用MTT法、流式细胞仪法分别观察不同浓度AGE及罗格列酮对心肌成纤维细胞的细胞增殖、细胞周期的影响,ELISA方法 检测细胞培养上清中TGF-β1水平,Westem印迹技术检测CTGF及Smad2、Smad4蛋白质表达.结果 在一定浓度范围内,AGE干预心肌成纤维细胞,随浓度的增加,细胞增殖更加显著,TGF-β1分泌增加,CTGF蛋白表达增加.罗格列酮(0.1、1、10μmoVL)干预后,随浓度的增加,抑制心肌成纤维细胞增殖(分别为0.823±0.072、0.785±0.060、0.601±0.081对0.981±0.049,P<0.05)、抑制心肌成纤维细胞分泌TGF-β1(分别为257.77±9.09、230.29±6.56、200.84±10.26对300,68±8.56,P<0.01)、抑制CTGF蛋白表达的作用都更加显著(分别为0.769±O.108、0.590±0.095、0.534±0.115对1.021±0.113,P<0.01).罗格列酮(1和10μmol/L)干预后可显著减少AGE诱导的Smad2的蛋白表达(分别为0.424±0.059对0.572±0.073,P<0.05;0.396±0.080对0.572±0.073,P<0.01),同时可显著减少AGE诱导的Smad4的蛋白表达(分别为0.580±0.063对0.672±0.059,P<0.05;0.556±0.051对0.672±0.059,P<0.01).结论 AGE刺激心肌成纤维细胞增殖及分泌TGF-β1,同时诱导CTGF、Smad2及Smad4蛋白表达,罗格列酮在一定程度上抑制AGE上述作用,表明罗格列酮抑制心肌成纤维细胞增殖的效应与CTGF/Smad通路密切相关.     

罗格列酮抑制糖基化终产物诱导心肌成纤维细胞增殖和结缔组织生长因子及Smad的表达

Objective To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on the proliferation,connective tissue growth factor and Smad expression in cultured cardiac fibroblasts induced by advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs).Methods After being treated with various amounts of rosiglitazone,the cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were incubated with AGEs.The status of cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and cell cycle were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyhhiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTI) assay and flow cytometry.Furthermore,ELISA technique was applied to identify the level of TGF-β1.The protein expressions of CTGF and Smad in cardiac fibroblasts of neonatal SD rats were detected with Western blotting.Results The exposure of cardiac fibroblasts to AGEs at doses of 0-200 mg/L induced a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation.At the concentration of rosiglitazooe (0.1,1,and 10 μmol/L),the cell proliferation was reduced compared with 200 mg/L AGEs group by O.823±0.072,0.785±0.060,0.601±0.081 vs 0.981±0.049,respectively (P < 0.05).The increased levels of TGF-β1 in supematants of cultured cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by AGEs were inhibited by rosiglitazone at the concentrations of 0.1,1,10μmol/L by 257.77±9.09,230.29±6.56,200.84±10.26 vs 300.68±8.56,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P<0.01).Western blot indicated that pretreatment with rosiglitazone (0.1,1,and 10 μmol/L) inhibited CTGF protein production in a dose-dependent by 0.769±0.108,0.590±0.095,0.534±0.115 vs 1.021±0.113,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P<0.01).It was also demonstrated that pretreatment with rosiglitazone (1 and 10 μmol/L) inhibited Smad2 protein production by 0.424±0.059,0.396±O.080 vs 0.572±0.073,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Meanwhile pretreatment with rosiglitazone (1 and 10 μmol/L) inhibited Smad4 protein production by 0.580±0.063,0.556±0.051 vs 0.672±0.059,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Conclusions The findings suggest that AGEs promote the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and stimulate the protein production of Smad and CTGF of cardiac fibroblasts.Rosiglitazone inhibits the above reaction.These results indicate that CTGF/Smad pathway may play an important role in the protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial fibrosis.     

罗格列酮抑制糖基化终产物诱导心肌成纤维细胞增殖和结缔组织生长因子及Smad的表达

Objective To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on the proliferation,connective tissue growth factor and Smad expression in cultured cardiac fibroblasts induced by advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs).Methods After being treated with various amounts of rosiglitazone,the cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were incubated with AGEs.The status of cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and cell cycle were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyhhiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTI) assay and flow cytometry.Furthermore,ELISA technique was applied to identify the level of TGF-β1.The protein expressions of CTGF and Smad in cardiac fibroblasts of neonatal SD rats were detected with Western blotting.Results The exposure of cardiac fibroblasts to AGEs at doses of 0-200 mg/L induced a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation.At the concentration of rosiglitazooe (0.1,1,and 10 μmol/L),the cell proliferation was reduced compared with 200 mg/L AGEs group by O.823±0.072,0.785±0.060,0.601±0.081 vs 0.981±0.049,respectively (P < 0.05).The increased levels of TGF-β1 in supematants of cultured cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by AGEs were inhibited by rosiglitazone at the concentrations of 0.1,1,10μmol/L by 257.77±9.09,230.29±6.56,200.84±10.26 vs 300.68±8.56,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P<0.01).Western blot indicated that pretreatment with rosiglitazone (0.1,1,and 10 μmol/L) inhibited CTGF protein production in a dose-dependent by 0.769±0.108,0.590±0.095,0.534±0.115 vs 1.021±0.113,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P<0.01).It was also demonstrated that pretreatment with rosiglitazone (1 and 10 μmol/L) inhibited Smad2 protein production by 0.424±0.059,0.396±O.080 vs 0.572±0.073,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Meanwhile pretreatment with rosiglitazone (1 and 10 μmol/L) inhibited Smad4 protein production by 0.580±0.063,0.556±0.051 vs 0.672±0.059,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Conclusions The findings suggest that AGEs promote the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and stimulate the protein production of Smad and CTGF of cardiac fibroblasts.Rosiglitazone inhibits the above reaction.These results indicate that CTGF/Smad pathway may play an important role in the protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial fibrosis.     

糖基化终产物对人肾小球系膜细胞β1整合素及黏着斑激酶表达的影响

目的观察糖基化终产物（AGEs）对人肾小球系膜细胞（HRMC）膜上β1整合素及其胞内靶点黏着斑激酶（FAK）表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的AGE-BSA干预培养的HRMC;RT-PCR法测定细胞81整合素和FAK的mRNA水平;Western Blot法检测β1整合素和FAK的蛋白表达。结果在50至400mg／L浓度范围内,AGE-BSA组B1整合素、FAK mRNA及蛋白表达均较对照组增加（P〈0．05）。结论一定范围内,AGEs呈浓度依赖性上调B1整合素及其下游信号分子FAKmRNA及蛋白表达,这可能是AGEs致糖尿病肾病的一个重要机制。     

罗格列酮对高糖诱导下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响

以大鼠肾小球系膜细胞株(HBZY-1)为靶细胞,观察不同浓度不同时间罗格列酮(RSG)对高糖培养的系膜细胞的作用,发现RSG在一定范围内以剂量和时间依赖关系抑制高糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞增殖,阻止系膜细胞由G1期进入S期,并诱导细胞凋亡。RSG有效减轻了高糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞的病理损伤。     

玉葵清对糖基化终产物诱导的人肾系膜细胞趋化因子表达的影响

目的 探讨玉葵清对糖基化终产物（AGEs）诱导的人肾系膜细胞（HRMC）趋化因子表达及其趋化效应的影响. 方法 糖基化牛血清白蛋白（AGE-BSA）和玉葵清干预HRMC. 结果 AGE-BSA组较BSA组HRMC趋化单核细胞数增加,单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、Fractalkine（FKN）中和抗体组HRMC趋化单核细胞数较AGE-BSA组减少;玉葵清组MCP-1、Fractalkine基因表达、上清中的蛋白含量和趋化单核细胞较BSA组降低（P＜0.05）. 结论 玉葵清减弱AGE-BSA诱导的HRMC趋化因子表达及其趋化效应,可能改善DN肾脏炎症反应.     

罗格列酮减轻糖基化终末产物对大鼠肾系膜细胞PAI-1的影响

目的观察过氧化物酶体增殖体激活受体γ（PPAR-γ）激活剂罗格列酮对糖基化终末产物（AGEs）诱导的大鼠肾系膜细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1（PAI-1）变化的影响。方法ELISA测定PAI-1蛋白含量，底物发色法检测纤溶酶原激活物（PA）活性，酶谱法分析基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）活性。结果AGEs（25-200mg／L）可不同程度上调系膜细胞PAI-1表达，降低PA活性，给予罗格列酮（2．5～10mmol／L）可减轻AGEs（100mg／L）引起的PAI-1表达上调，并增加PA和MMP-2活性。结论罗格列酮减轻AGEs引起的PAI-1表达增加，提高PA和MMP-2的活性。     

KB-R7943 restores endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by advanced glycosylation end products in rat aorta

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to examine the effects of KB-R7943, an inhibitor of Na⁺/Ca^2 + exchanger, on impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) induced by advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) in isolated rat aorta.MethodsBoth acetylcholine (ACh)-induced EDR and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced endothelium-independent relaxation (EIR) were measured after the rings were exposed to AGE in the absence and presence of KB-R7943.ResultsCo-incubation of aortic rings with AGE (0.1 g/L) for 24 h resulted in a significant inhibition of EDR, but had no effects on EIR. After incubation of the rings in the co-presence of KB-R7943 (0.1–10 μM) with AGE for 24 h, KB-R7943 (10 μM) significantly attenuated impaired EDR. Superoxide dismutase (200 U/mL) and l-arginine (3 mM) could ameliorate the impairment of EDR caused by AGE, whereas d-arginine (3 mM) had no effect on EDR. Similarly, AGE decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the release of nitric oxide (NO), and increased superoxide anion (O₂^.?) production in aortic tissue. KB-R7943 (10 μM) significantly decreased O₂^.? production and increased SOD activity and the NO release.ConclusionsThese results suggest that KB-R7943 attenuated the impairment of EDR elicited by AGE partially through scavenging oxygen free radicals.     

糖基化终末产物对人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡及其受体表达的影响

目的 研究糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)凋亡及其受体(RAGE)表达的影响。方法 采用流式细胞仪技术，荧光显微镜，电镜观察AGEs对培养的HUVEC凋亡的影响，同时用RT-PCR方法检测RAGE的mRNA的表达。结果 AGEs加入细胞培养中，可明显诱导HUVEC凋亡，并呈剂量依赖效应关系。在发生凋亡的同时有RAGE mRNA表达的增强。结论 AGEs对HUVEC有诱导凋亡的作用，该作用可能通过RAGE介导。     

Role of profilin-1 in vasculopathy induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs)

AimsTo construct a simple and feasible rat model to mimic diabetic vasculopathy by chronic injection of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and further determine the role of profilin-1 in vasculopathy in AGE-injection rats.MethodsSprague-Dawley rats were injected with AGEs-BSA (25 mg/kg/day) for 0, 20, 30, 40, and 60 days by caudal vein. Then, the morphological changes in the aorta, heart, and kidney and the expression of profilin-1 were assessed. In cultured endothelial cells, shRNA profilin-1 was used to clarify the role of profilin-1 in AGEs-induced vascular endothelial lesions and inflammatory reactions.ResultsThe aorta, heart, and kidney of the AGE-injection rats had obvious morphological changes. Also, the indicators of vascular remodeling in the aorta significantly increased, accompanied by the increased expression of profilin-1 in the aorta, heart, and kidney and polysaccharide content on the kidney basement membrane. In addition, the protein level of profilin-1 was markedly upregulated in the aorta of AGEs-injected rats and endothelial cells incubated with AGEs. shRNA profilin-1 markedly attenuated the upregulated expression of profilin-1, receptor for AGEs (RAGE), and NF-κB in endothelial cells incubated with AGEs, as well as reduced the high levels of ICAM-1, IL-8, TNF-α, ROS, and apoptosis induced by AGEs.ConclusionsExogenous AGEs can mimic diabetic vasculopathy in vivo to some extent and increase profilin-1 expression in the target organs of diabetic complications. Blockade of profilin-1 attenuates vascular lesions and inflammatory reactions, suggesting its critical role in the metabolic memory mediated by AGEs.     

糖基化终末产物对破骨细胞骨吸收功能的影响祆

目的观察糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对破骨细胞骨吸收功能的影响.方法用人血清白蛋白和葡萄糖恒温孵育制备人AGEs,采用甲苯胺蓝染色和图像分析评价AGE对破骨细胞形成骨吸收陷窝的影响.结果低浓度AGEs(50～200 μg/ml)对骨吸收陷窝的面积和数目无明显影响;只有高浓度AGEs(500～1000 μg/ml)才能促进骨吸收陷窝面积的扩大和数目增加(P＜0.05).结论 AGE可能促进破骨细胞的骨吸收功能.     

糖基化终产物对人单核细胞源树突状细胞清道夫受体A表达的影响及其机制的研究

目的　探讨糖基化终产物 (AGEs)对人单核细胞源树突状细胞 (MDCs)清道夫受体A(SR A)表达的影响及其机制。方法　用免疫磁珠分离人外周血CD14 单核细胞 ,经含重组人粒 巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (rhGM CSF ,10 0ng/ml)和重组人白细胞介素 4 (rhIL 4 ,5 0ng/ml)的RPMI16 4 0培养 ,使其分化为MDCs,采用RT PCR和Western Blot法 ,分别观察糖基化 白蛋白 (AGE BSA)不同蛋白浓度 (0、5 0、10 0、2 0 0、30 0 μg/ml)和不同时间 (0、6、12、2 4、36h)干预 ,以及酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂金雀异黄素 (genistein)干预后 ,MDCsSR A基因和蛋白的表达。结果　与空白对照相比 ,蛋白浓度为 5 0 μg/ml和 10 0 μg/ml干预 2 4h即可分别上调SR AmRNA和蛋白的表达 (P <0 0 5 ) ,2 0 0 μg/ml时达峰值 (P <0 0 1) ,在干预的不同时间组 ,12h和 2 4h可分别上调SR AmRNA和蛋白的表达 (P<0 0 5 ) ,36h达峰值 (P <0 0 1) ,呈明显的浓度和时间依赖性 ,genistein能够完全抑制其作用。 结论AGEs能够上调DCsSR A的表达 ,是与其激活酪氨酸蛋白激酶有关 ,这可能是DCs参与动脉粥样硬化发生的机制之一。