皮肤抗衰老研究进展

由于皮肤暴露于体外 ,因而在老化中表现得最为明显 ,预防和延缓皮肤衰老已成为医学科学研究的热点之一。现已明确皮肤衰老是内源性因素和外源性因素共同作用的结果 ,内源性衰老 (自然衰老 )为不可避免的渐进过程 ,外源性衰老 (如风、光、热、烟、化学物质等 )中以紫外线作用 (光衰老 )最为明显〔1〕。国内外学者对皮肤自然衰老和光衰老的组织细胞学改变、分子遗传机理以及临床治疗都作了深入的研究。1　衰老皮肤的改变衰老皮肤在形态、功能上都有明显改变 ,自然衰老皮肤临床表现较轻 ,皮肤表面光滑无斑点 ,弹力纤维退化使皮肤弹性降低或丧失…     

中老年女性皮肤光老化研究与防治对策

<正>皮肤光老化(photoaging)是指由于长期的日光照射导致皮肤衰老或加速衰老的现象。常发生于习惯性光暴露的部位,包括面部、颈部、手背、前臂以及上胸部,而这些部位的变化常常被作为评估一个人年龄的重要标志,因而也具有重要的心理学和社会学意义。由于皮肤光老化是一个日积月累的过程,一般到中年以后才表现的更为明显,而女性作为一个爱美的群体对这一问题往往更为关注。1光老化的临床特点皮肤光老化典型的临床特点为光暴露部位的皮肤皱纹增多、皮肤     

漫谈长寿(四)

(续上期)三、反映衰老的十个指标(参考生命时报)1、柔韧性譬如坐在床上手摸不到脚趾,弯腰时两手指不能触地,平卧时两脚尽力抬高与躯干的角度不能达到90度,两手左右平举或上举与胸壁连线角度不能大于180度,都是腰椎、膝关节和上肢肩关节柔韧性老化,即韧带僵硬表现。2、皮肤弹性用大拇指和食指捏住皮肤不能立即恢复是皮肤弹性下降的老化表现。3、听力不能听到20分贝以内的声音是听力老化下降的表现。     

皮肤衰老与抗衰老研究

皮肤衰老指皮肤外貌和功能出现衰退,随着年龄和紫外线暴露的增加,各种内源性因素和外源性因素通过多种生化机制使皮肤胶原产出减少、降解增多。临床上可分为内源性衰老（自然衰老）、外源性衰老（主要指皮肤光老化）。近年来,针对皮肤衰老的抗衰老研究也越来越受到大家的关注.     

老年人皮肤真皮和附属器官的改变及特征

本文通过对老年人皮肤问题的阐述,介绍了老化皮肤坡皮及皮肤附属器官的变化及其特征。老化真皮层的变化不仅表现为皮层胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的改变,而且还表现在真皮层中基质成分以及皮肤微血和客神经组织的变化,除此之外,皮肤附属器官的形态和功能相应变化。提示皮肤真皮层结构和功能以及皮肤器官的改变与皮肤衰老密切相关     

皮肤衰老的分子机制

<正>人们对于衰老的机制提出了许多学说,如衰老基因学说、自由基学说、线粒体学说、神经内分泌免疫网络学说及细胞凋亡学说、端粒学说等理论〔1〕。事实上是从不同角度来认识衰老的问题,既有机体的整体水平、也有器官水平,甚至涉及细胞水平、分子水平。一般将皮肤的衰老主要分为自然衰老和环境老化两种形式,其中日光紫外线(UV)长期反复的照射是环境中影响皮肤衰老的最重要因素,又称光老化。主要表现为暴露部位粗糙、皱纹加深加粗、不规则性色素沉着、血管扩张、表皮角     

皮肤衰老机制及抗衰老研究进展

皮肤是衰老过程中最易显露的器官，皮肤衰老主要表现为自然衰老和光老化两种形式。近来随着各种边缘学科的飞速发展，人类对于衰老的认识已从整体水平推进到细胞分子水平，关于衰老机制的研究已取得了很大进展，但是针对皮肤衰老机制的报道却很少。因此，本文从内源性生理衰老和外源性环境衰老两个角度出发，就当前有关皮肤衰老的主要机制和相应对策进行阐述，希望为抗衰老化妆品的开发提供参考。     

自然衰老与半乳糖衰老模型大鼠心肌与非酶糖基化相关性研究

目的以非酶糖基化和自由基学说探讨心肌老化的发生机制。方法用D-半乳糖制作老化模型与自然衰老组及成年对照组SD大鼠相比较,观察电镜下心肌超微结构的改变及心肌内AGEs含量,抗氧化指标的变化,及各组线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的缺失率。结果2组衰老组糖基化终末期产物(AGEs)、mtDNA缺失率及丙二醛(MDA)均较成年对照组显著增高,过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)在2组衰老模型较成年对照组显著降低,自然老化和半乳糖老化病理都表现为肌细胞肿大,脂褐素沉积,线粒体和肌质网等膜结构明显损伤。结论心肌的老化与非酶糖基化(NEG)相关,而其诱导自由基的损伤,导致心肌细胞的凋亡。     

皮肤衰老的探讨

皮肤具有保护、感受刺激、吸收、分泌、调节体温 ,维持水盐平衡及参与物质代谢等多种功能。同时 ,皮肤也是人类健美的重要标志。随着增龄 ,人的皮肤就会逐渐变的粗糙、产生皱纹 ,并且出现老年斑和脂褐素沉积。本文就相关方面进行了探讨。1　皮肤衰老的机理皮肤衰老是一个漫长而复杂的演变过程。关于皮肤衰老机理研究的类型比较多 ,有代表性的有 :皮肤衰老基因调控学说 ;皮肤衰老的自由基学说 ;皮肤衰老的代谢失调学说 ,皮肤衰老的光刺激老化作用等。1.1　基因对皮肤衰老过程的调控　基因对皮肤衰老过程的调控机制十分复杂 ,包括许多调节序列…     

直链烷基苯磺酸钠对小鼠皮肤组织老化的促进作用

目的探讨直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)对小鼠皮肤组织衰老的影响。方法将50只健康昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分成5组,每组10只。各组分别为正常对照组、LAS低、中、高剂量组(LAS 150、300、600 mg/L)及D-半乳糖衰老模型组。正常对照组及LAS各剂量组分别用蒸馏水及不同剂量的LAS涂抹小鼠的背部剃毛处,连续涂抹60 d,衰老模型组小鼠每日在颈背部皮下注射5%D-半乳糖,连续注射60 d。取涂抹部位皮肤进行Masson及β-半乳糖苷酶染色;检测皮肤匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性;测定皮肤组织中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量。结果与正常对照组相比,LAS各剂量组及衰老模型组小鼠皮肤组织变薄,胶原纤维减少,纤维排列杂乱、松散、模糊;β-半乳糖苷酶表达程度明显增高;MDA含量明显增加(P<0.01),SOD、GSH-Px活性及Hyp含量均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论 LAS可促进小鼠皮肤组织的老化。     

Myocardial aging

This review questions the old paradigm that describes the heart as a post-mitotic organ and introduces the notion of the heart as a self-renewing organ regulated by a compartment of multipotent cardiac stem cells (CSCs) capable of regenerating myocytes and coronary vessels throughout life. Because of this dramatic change in cardiac biology, the objective is to provide an alternative perspective of the aging process of the heart and stimulate research in an area that pertains to all of us without exception. The recent explosion of the field of stem cell biology, with the recognition that the possibility exists for extrinsic and intrinsic regeneration of myocytes and coronary vessels, necessitates reevaluation of cardiac homeostasis and myocardial aging. From birth to senescence, the mammalian heart is composed of non-dividing and dividing cells. Loss of telomeric DNA is minimal in fetal and neonatal myocardium but rather significant in the senescent heart. Aging affects the growth and differentiation potential of CSCs interfering not only with their ability to sustain physiological cell turnover but also with their capacity to adapt to increases in pressure and volume loads. The recognition of factors enhancing the activation of the CSC pool, their mobilization, and translocation, however, suggests that the detrimental effects of aging on the heart might be prevented or reversed by local stimulation of CSCs or the intramyocardial delivery of CSCs following their expansion and rejuvenation in vitro. CSC therapy may become, perhaps, a novel strategy for the devastating problem of heart failure in the old population.     

Musculoskeletal aging

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic conditions associated with musculoskeletal aging contribute to a heavy functional and economic burden for our rapidly aging population. The purpose of this article is to review recent investigations in musculoskeletal epidemiology related to aging. RECENT FINDINGS: Well over half the older adults in the United States report chronic joint symptoms. With the projected growth of the older population in the next 25 years, the number of elders with arthritis is expected to double to 41 million. Accumulating evidence points to large ethnic and racial differences in the prevalence of arthritis. Primary care interventions to improve self-management of arthritis have been developed and tested, although further work in this area is warranted. Progress is being made in other major chronic conditions associated with aging. Research shows that optimal screening for osteoporotic fracture risk will require risk factor information in addition to bone densitometry. Recent findings shed new light on treatments for osteoporosis and musculoskeletal pain. A new field of study is investigating sarcopenia, or skeletal muscle loss, in very old populations. Research to date has uncovered evidence that this disabling condition may be the result of immunologic and hormonal changes related to aging. SUMMARY: Investigations in many areas are contributing to a better understanding of the major chronic conditions that affect the lives of many older adults. However, the surge in the elderly population will require far greater research and intervention efforts to postpone or prevent a huge population burden of disability related to common musculoskeletal problems of old age.     

Autism aging

Many people perceive autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a childhood disorder, yet ASD is a lifelong condition. Although little is known about the mental and physical health issues of aging individuals with ASD, there are increasing numbers of older adults being diagnosed with ASD. Although there has been a recent “call to action” (to address lack of knowledge and the dearth of services and programs for aging individuals with autism, the authors think it is also important for those who are involved in educational programs related to gerontology and geriatrics settings to be aware of “autism aging.” This term conceptualizes the demographics, person and contextual factors, and intellectual awareness of the trends and patterns of ASD as a life course challenge and opportunity for well-being and quality of life. The purposes of this article are to (1) provide a general overview of autism issues and to examine several dimensions of ASD in the context of the emergent and relevant scholarship in the adult and aging domain, (2) propose how to address the “gap” in the literature on autism and aging in terms of a conceptual model and by improving the methodology, and (3) to discuss the implications of these dimensions for educators in gerontology and geriatrics, and for those professionals who work in clinical and health care services. It is the goal of the authors to have this article represent a general introduction to ASD and to be a part of the foundation for educational awareness for educators in gerontology and geriatrics.