发展我国临床护理专家相关问题的调查研究

目的探讨临床护理专家(Clinical Nurse Specialist,CNS)在我国的名称、入选条件、培训机构与方式、资格认证、管理等问题,为其健康发展提供依据。方法就上述问题对国内24个省市护理学会、8所院校和57所医院的95位护理专家进行问卷调查。结果①名称:赞成用“临床护理专家”和“高级专科护理师”命名的分别为47%和43%。②入选条件:99%的专家认为具有《中华人民共和国护士执业资格证书》是参加CNS培训的基本资格;赞成必须具备大专学历的占46%,本科学历的占48%;91%的专家认为入选培训者至少应有3~5年专科工作经验;英文水平达四级以上或能顺利阅读并翻译专业资料(76%);应具有撰写论文的能力(100%)。③培训机构与方式:99%的专家认为CNS培训机构应该获得权威部门的认可,以保证CNS的培训质量;赞成研究生水平教育的占36%,赞成培训1年的占40%,6个月的占23%。④资格认证:98%的专家认为CNS必须获得权威机构的认证和定期再认证;认为申请CNS认证的最低学历要求应该是研究生、学士和大专的分别占9%、40%和47%,应具有中级职称的占61%。⑤管理:赞成由护理部管理占89%;对获得CNS认证者,48%的认为应给予主管护师职称,31%认为应给予副主任护师职称。结论在发展中国CNS的大多数问题上已形成共识,但在名称、入选培训者的学历、培训机构与方式等问题上还有分歧,值得进一步探讨。     

The development of clinical nurse specialist roles in Ireland

While the term specialist in nursing can be traced to the turn of the 20th Century, it is only since 2001 that a framework was developed for a clinical career pathway in Ireland. This framework has promoted the development and expansion of the clinical nurse/midwife specialist (CNS/CMS) throughout Ireland over the past 10 years guided by the National Council for the Professional Development of Nursing and Midwifery (NCNM). To build upon the achievements of the NCNM and advance nursing practice, it is imperative that CNS/CMSs adopt and fulfil the components of their role. Since CNS/CMS practice is relatively new to Ireland, there is the opportunity to learn from experiences of other countries. This article outlines the development and challenges of the CNS role in Ireland.     

Role transition from staff nurse to clinical nurse specialist: a case study

? Over the last decade, nursing in the United Kingdom has witnessed a major development and expansion in the number of Clinical Nurse Specialists. ? These nurses are considered to be experts in their own specialities, have in-depth knowledge and provide a service for patients, relatives and staff. ? There is, however, a paucity of literature relating to role transition from experienced Staff Nurse to Clinical Nurse Specialist. ? Using Nicholson's (1984) model of work-role transition and Wanous' (1992) four-stage model of organizational socialization, this study explores the transition of two nurses from experienced Staff Nurses to novice Clinical Nurse Specialists.     

Precepting the clinical nurse specialist student

The education role of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) includes precepting the CNS graduate student. If the novice CNS is left to flounder, preceptorship can be a frustrating experience. This article describes a model for precepting CNS graduate students. Such a model provides a guideline and a sense of direction for the CNS. To clarify further the role of the CNS as a preceptor, the article offers practical learning experiences for the implementation of the model.     

The evolving role of the clinical nurse specialist within the comprehensive breast cancer centre

• ? The collaborative functioning of a specialist multidisciplinary team is a fundamental prerequisite in the establishment of designated breast cancer units throughout the UK. It is, therefore, opportune for clinical nurse specialists to examine carefully their unique contribution to the care of women with breast disease.
• ? This article explores the contemporary developments in service provision and identifies potential areas for nursing development.
• ? It is only when the role of the breast care nurse is explicitly defined can research begin to determine the effectiveness of nursing practice in terms of women's health.