淋巴管生成因子LYVE-1及Prox-1在宫颈鳞癌组织的表达及意义

目的:探讨淋巴管生成因子LYVE-1及Prox-1的定量表达与宫颈癌淋巴结转移的相关性。方法:收集宫颈鳞癌手术标本24例,运用半定量RT-PCR技术对淋巴管生成因子LYVE-1和Prox-1进行分析,分别比较这两种因子在切除标本的肿瘤组织、癌旁组织中表达的差异。结果:Prox-1在肿瘤及癌旁组织表达分别为1.52±0.26和0.46±0.19,LYVE-1在肿瘤及癌旁正常组织的表达分别为1.37±0.21和0.56±0.12。Prox-1及LYVE-1在肿瘤组织的表达均高于癌旁组织(P均<0.01),与肿瘤的发生有关。并且它们的表达与淋巴结转移有相关性(P<0.01)。结论:Prox-1及LYVE-1表达升高与宫颈癌发生及淋巴结转移有一定关系,检测该指标对了解宫颈癌的侵袭和转移具有一定价值。     

宫颈鳞癌组织中AQP1和AQP4的表达及意义

目的:探讨水通道蛋白1、4(AQP1、AQP4)在宫颈鳞癌组织的表达及意义。方法:免疫组化染色检测AQP1和AQP4在20例正常宫颈组织、10例CINⅠ级、10例CINⅡ级、8例CINⅢ级组织及45例浸润性宫颈鳞癌组织的分布和表达特点。结果:AQP1主要于血管内皮细胞表达,它在正常宫颈组织、宫颈CINⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级组织及宫颈浸润性鳞癌组织的阳性表达指数分别为10.14±1.48、10.61±1.23、10.46±0.92、10.64±0.52和11.85±2.74,宫颈鳞癌组织AQP1表达明显高于正常组织(P<0.05),FIGOⅡ期宫颈鳞癌组织中AQP1的表达指数(13.15±2.38)明显高于I期(11.06±2.68)(P<0.05),肿瘤伴淋巴结转移者AQP1表达指数(13.37±2.91)明显高于淋巴结未转移者(11.30±2.50)(P<0.05);AQP4主要于鳞状上皮细胞以及肿瘤细胞表达,它在正常宫颈组织、宫颈CINⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级组织及宫颈鳞癌组织的阳性表达指数分别为3.26±0.99、3.79±1.22、3.68±1.47、3.92±1.48和4.23±2.03,宫颈鳞癌组织AQP4表达高于正常组织(P<0.05),淋巴结转移肿瘤组织AQP4表达指数(5.32±1.69)高于淋巴结未转移者(3.84±1.02)(P<0.05);AQP1和AQP4于肿瘤组织中表达无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:AQP1、AQP4过表达可能在宫颈癌变及进展过程中起重要作用,并分别通过增加血管内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞对水的通透性,促进肿瘤侵袭和转移。     

子宫内膜癌灶及癌旁组织中LYVE-1、Prox-1表达的临床意义

目的：探讨淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1（lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1,LYVE-1）、同源异型盒基因转录因子1（prospero-related homeobox 1,Prox-1）的表达与子宫内膜癌临床病理特征的关系。方法：选取子宫内膜癌石蜡切片标本57例,留取新鲜子宫内膜癌组织及癌旁组织标本共38例。采用免疫组织化学、蛋白质印迹（Western blotting）、实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（Realtime RT-PCR）检测LYVE-1、Prox-1在癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达,分析这2种蛋白在癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达差异与临床病理特征的关系。结果：①免疫组化显示,组织学分级Ⅰ级患者癌灶内的Prox-1阳性表达率高于Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;淋巴脉管间隙浸润（lymph vascular space invasion,LVSI）阳性患者癌旁组织的LYVE-1阳性表达率高于LVSI阴性者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;LVSI阳性、晚期患者子宫内膜癌旁组织Prox-1表达的阳性率升高,与LVSI阴性及早期患者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。②Realtime RT-PCR及Western blotting检测显示,相对于无淋巴结转移组的癌旁组织,淋巴结转移组癌旁Prox-1蛋白表达量为1.250 0±0.008 2（P＜0.05）,LYVE-1蛋白表达量为1.860 0±0.012 4（P＜0.05）;相对于癌旁组织,淋巴结转移组癌组织中Prox-1 mRNA表达量为0.693±0.083（P＜0.05）,LYVE-1 mRNA表达量为0.42±0.16（P＜0.05）。结论：LYVE-1、Prox-1可能是子宫内膜癌淋巴转移的潜在标志物,子宫内膜癌癌旁组织中淋巴管生成可能与淋巴转移有关。     

子宫内膜癌灶及癌旁组织中LYVE-1、Prox-1表达的临床意义

目的:探讨淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1(lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1,LYVE-1)、同源异型盒基因转录因子1(prospero-related homeobox 1,Prox-1)的表达与子宫内膜癌临床病理特征的关系。方法:选取子宫内膜癌石蜡切片标本57例,留取新鲜子宫内膜癌组织及癌旁组织标本共38例。采用免疫组织化学、蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)、实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(Realtime RT-PCR)检测LYVE-1、Prox-1在癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达,分析这2种蛋白在癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达差异与临床病理特征的关系。结果:(1)免疫组化显示,组织学分级Ⅰ级患者癌灶内的Prox-1阳性表达率高于Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);淋巴脉管间隙浸润(lymph vascular space invasion,LVSI)阳性患者癌旁组织的LYVE-1阳性表达率高于LVSI阴性者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LVSI阳性、晚期患者子宫内膜癌旁组织Prox-1表达的阳性率升高,与LVSI阴性及早期患者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)Realtime RT-PCR及Western blotting检测显示,相对于无淋巴结转移组的癌旁组织,淋巴结转移组癌旁Prox-1蛋白表达量为1.250 0±0.008 2(P0.05),LYVE-1蛋白表达量为1.860 0±0.012 4(P0.05);相对于癌旁组织,淋巴结转移组癌组织中Prox-1 mRNA表达量为0.693±0.083(P0.05),LYVE-1 mRNA表达量为0.42±0.16(P0.05)。结论:LYVE-1、Prox-1可能是子宫内膜癌淋巴转移的潜在标志物,子宫内膜癌癌旁组织中淋巴管生成可能与淋巴转移有关。     

宫颈癌VEGF-C表达和淋巴管、血管生成关系的探讨

目的:检测宫颈癌组织中血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)、受体VEGFR-3和CD34的表达,探讨VEGF-C与癌周淋巴管、血管生成和肿瘤转移的关系。方法:采用免疫组化法检测55例宫颈癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-3和CD34的表达。结果:55例宫颈癌组织VEGF-C阳性率为69.1%(38/55),VEGFR-3阳性率为61.8%(34/55),二者表达高度一致(P<0.01)。淋巴结转移组中VEGF-C与VEGFR-3阳性表达明显高于无转移组(P<0.05)。低分化组VEGF-C和VEGFR-3的表达明显高于高、中分化组(P<0.05)。随着临床分期增加,VEGFR-3表达的阳性率增高(P<0.01)。淋巴结转移组中淋巴管密度(LMVD)明显高于无转移组(P<0.01)。VEGF-C表达阳性的组织中血管密度(MVD)明显升高(P<0.05)。VEGF-C和VEGFR-3表达阳性的患者生存率有降低的趋势。结论:宫颈癌中VEGF-C通过受体VEGFR-3促进组织生长、抑制分化,促进肿瘤细胞间质淋巴管和血管生成,是促使宫颈癌发生扩散和转移的重要原因。二者阳性表达可预示预后不良。     

宫颈癌组织中蛋白酶活化受体-1的表达与盆腔淋巴结转移的关系

目的:探讨宫颈癌组织中蛋白酶活化受体-1(PAR-1)的表达与盆腔淋巴结转移的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法,检测PAR-1在宫颈鳞癌组织(35例)、腺癌组织(25例)及正常组织(20例)中的表达情况。结果:PAR-1在正常宫颈组织中不表达,在宫颈癌组织中有较高的阳性表达(P<0.01),有淋巴转移的癌组织中PAR-1的阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴转移的癌组织(P<0.01)。结论:PAR-1在宫颈癌组织中的表达与盆腔淋巴结转移密切相关。     

MMP-1/PAR-1通路在宫颈癌侵袭转移中的作用

目的:探索基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)/蛋白酶活化受体-1(PAR-1)通路在宫颈癌侵袭转移中的作用。方法:RT-PCR法检测59例临床宫颈鳞癌组织和15例正常宫颈组织的MMP-1mRNA表达;Transwell实验检测添加重组人MMP-1及干扰PAR-1对宫颈癌Hela细胞转移侵袭能力的影响。结果:宫颈癌组织中的MMP-1(rhMMP-1)表达高于正常宫颈组织,并与侵袭转移程度相关;rhMMP-1能促进Hela细胞的转移能力,并与浓度相关;干扰PAR-1后能抑制MMP-1介导的Hela细胞转移能力。结论:MMP-1/PAR-1通路参与宫颈癌的侵袭转移,可能成为宫颈癌治疗的新靶点。     

水通道蛋白1在宫颈病变中的表达及意义

目的:检测宫颈病变组织中水通道蛋白1的表达,探讨该蛋白在宫颈癌形成和演进进程中的意义。方法:用免疫组织化学SP法检测83例石蜡包埋宫颈组织中水通道蛋白1的表达,结合临床病理分型分析其表达的意义。结果:水通道蛋白1在慢性宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)和宫颈癌组织中的阳性率分别为4.0%,33.3%和74.2%,3组样本中水通道蛋白1阳性率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),宫颈癌病理学分级1+2级和3级相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。水通道蛋白1表达阳性率与CIN的分级,与宫颈癌临床分期、组织学分型和淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05)。结论:水通道蛋白1在宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌组织中表达升高,可能在宫颈癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用。     

调节TLR3/PI3K信号转导通路抑制宫颈癌细胞生长的体外研究

目的:探索调节TLR3/PI3K信号转导通路体外抑制宫颈癌细胞生长的作用。方法:成功构建携带HPV18 E6基因siRNA的慢病毒载体用于转染HeLa细胞,以RT-PCR和Western blot法检测宫颈癌HeLa细胞E6、TLR3及PI3K mRNA和蛋白表达水平的改变。MTT法检测宫颈癌细胞生长抑制率。结果:(1)LY294002组肿瘤细胞TLR3、PI3K mRNA表达水平为0.2863±0.0238、0.2269±0.0382,其蛋白表达分别为0.7042±0.0103、0.6326±0.0153,分别低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01;P<0.01),肿瘤细胞生长抑制率为(61.92±5.49)%;(2)慢病毒转染组肿瘤细胞HPV18 E6、TLR3、PI3K的mRNA表达水平分别为0.1360±0.0140、0.2367±0.0321、0.2013±0.0461,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001;P<0.001;P=0.005);(3)慢病毒转染组肿瘤细胞HPV18 E6、TLR3、PI3K蛋白表达水平分别为0.1670±0.0290、0.6834±0.0173、0.5670±0.0440,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.005;P=0.002;P=0.005);(4)慢病毒转染组肿瘤细胞生长抑制率为(39.6±18.0)%,与对照组相比,转染组细胞生长受到明显抑制,差异有统计学意义(P=0.047)。结论:TLR3/PI3K信号转导通路在HPV18 E6介导的宫颈癌细胞转化及生长中发挥重要作用,抑制HPV18 E6表达能在mRNA和蛋白水平有效下调TLR3/PI3K表达,抑制宫颈癌HeLa细胞生长。TLR3信号转导通路有望成为治疗宫颈癌的新靶点。     

Netrin-1在HeLa细胞的表达及对HeLa细胞功能的影响

目的:研究Netrin-1在HeLa细胞的表达及对HeLa细胞增殖、侵袭和凋亡的影响。方法:利用蛋白质印迹法检测Netrin-1在HeLa细胞的表达,并通过MTT、侵袭实验和流式细胞仪分别检测10,50和100ng/mlNetrin-1对HeLa细胞增殖能力、侵袭能力和凋亡的影响。结果:(1)Netrin-1在HeLa细胞有表达,其相对表达量为0.389±0.026;(2)MTT实验结果显示,Netrin-1可以促进HeLa细胞增值,表现为时间和剂量依赖性,与对照组有显著差异(P<0.05或P≤0.01);(3)Netrin-1处理组细胞迁移数分别为314±16,487±15和553±19,均明显多于对照组180±10(P均<0.05);(4)在Netrin-1干预下,HeLa细胞凋亡率呈递减趋势,与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:HeLa细胞表达的Netrin-1与宫颈癌的侵袭转移有关,Netrin-1促进HeLa细胞增殖和侵袭能力,并抑制HeLa细胞凋亡,可能为未来宫颈癌的治疗提供依据。     

High lymph vessel density and expression of lymphatic growth factors in peritoneal endometriosis

To investigate the occurrence of lymph vessels and lymphangiogenic growth factors in peritoneal lesions, we performed immunohistochemical staining of peritoneal lesions of 37 patients with antibodies against podoplanin (D2-40), lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), prospero homeobox protein 1 (Prox-1), vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)-C/VEGF-D. Overall, 10 lesions were double stained against D2-40 and von Willebrand factor. The lymph vessel density in peritoneal lesion was significantly higher in comparison with healthy peritoneum. All lymph vessel makers could be detected, whereby the lymph vessel density of LYVE-1- and Prox-1-positive lymph vessels was significantly higher than the lymph vessel density of D2-40-positive lymph vessels. Endometriotic epithelial cells and stromal cells (SCs) showed a moderate-to-strong VEGF-C/VEGF-D expression. The VEGF-C-/VEGF-D-positive macrophages in endometriotic SCs could be observed. The lymphatic vasculature seems to form a further component of peritoneal lesions and could be involved in the inflammatory process. These data demonstrated a further step in the clarification of the pathogenesis of endometriosis.     

环氧合酶-2对宫颈癌淋巴管生成及预后的影响

目的:研究环氧合酶-2(Cox-2)在宫颈癌中的表达并探讨其对淋巴管生成及预后的影响。方法:用免疫组化SP法,分析59例宫颈癌石蜡标本中Cox-2、血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)及其受体VEGFR-3蛋白表达,并对微淋巴管密度行定量分析。结果:Cox-2蛋白在86.4%(51/59)的病例中呈阳性表达,与VEGF-C表达[66.1%(39/59)]呈显著正相关(r=0.424,P<0.001),且与淋巴结转移、术后生存期缩短有关;在Cox-2表达阳性组淋巴管密度明显高于阴性组(P=0.013)。结论:在宫颈癌中Cox-2可能上调VEGF-C表达,通过促进淋巴管生成与淋巴结转移有关。检测Cox-2可作为预测宫颈癌患者预后的一项指标。     

VEGFR-3在早期宫颈癌进展过程中的作用

目的:探讨VEGFR-3在早期宫颈癌进展过程中的作用。方法:免疫组织化学法检测41例早期子宫颈癌(ⅠA～ⅡA)组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3的表达,同时检测VEGFR-3标记的脉管密度(MVD),分析其与临床病理因素的关系。结果:(1)VEGFR-3除于淋巴管内皮细胞表达外,部分血管内皮细胞也有表达。形态学上VEGFR-3阳性脉管部分为血管,部分为淋巴管,主要分布于肿瘤组织周围间质中。肿瘤细胞中可见VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3蛋白表达,其表达阳性率分别为48.7%(20/41)、58.5%(24/41)、63.4%(26/41);(2)肿瘤细胞中VEGFR-3蛋白表达与宫颈癌患者月经状态、组织学分级、组织学类型无关,与临床分期、淋巴结转移、淋巴管浸润及VEGF-C、D蛋白表达相关;MVD与月经状态、组织学分级、组织学类型、淋巴结转移、淋巴管浸润均无关,与临床分期及VEGF-C、D蛋白表达相关。结论:VEGFR-3可能通过促进肿瘤血管生成和淋巴管生成,参与了早期宫颈癌的恶性进展。     

The relation of intraabdominal findings and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in the epithelial ovarian cancer patients

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Expression and localization of maspin in cervical cancer and its role in tumor progression and lymphangiogenesis

Objectives

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in female reproductive tract and primarily metastasizes through the lymphatic system that will affect prognosis of patients. Maspin, a member of the serine protease inhibitors (serpins) super family, has recently been indicated as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of maspin expression, especially the subcellular location of maspin and its functional role in progression and lymphangiogenesis, in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

Labelled streptavidin biotin method (LSAB) was used to determine cytoplasmic and nuclear maspin expressions, respectively, in 13 cases of normal cervix, 15 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3), 62 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix, and 13 cases of pelvic lymphatic nodes which were all positive lymphatic nodes in our selected cancer cases. LSAB is also used to detect podoplanin which is used for counting density of lymphatic microvessels (LMVD). The clinical significance of subcellular maspin expression and the relationship between maspin expression and LMVD in cervical cancer are analyzed.

Results

Both cytoplasmic and nuclear maspin expressions in SCC were significantly weaker than those of normal cervix and CIN3. Nuclear maspin expression showed a peak in CIN3 and then dropped in SCC. Declined maspin expression was correlated with later clinical stage, increased LMVD, and lymphatic metastasis.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that subcellular location of maspin expression is a potential predictive factor in tumor progression and in patients’ prognosis of cervical cancer, and maspin plays a suppression role in lymphangiogenesis and metastasis.     

VEGF-C及受体VEGFR-3在宫颈癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究宫颈癌组织中血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)及其受体VEGFR-3的表达并探讨其与淋巴结转移、预后的关系。方法:采用免疫组化SP法,分析59例石蜡标本中VEGF-C、VEGFR-3蛋白表达情况,并应用计算机辅助图象分析系统对脉管的面积进行定量分析。结果:宫颈癌组织中VEGF-C蛋白表达率为66.1%(39/59),与淋巴结转移显著正相关(P=0.005)。VEGF-C阳性组5年生存率显著低于阴性组(P=0.006)。VEGFR-3表达主要定位在脉管结构,VEGFR-3阳性脉管密度在VEGF-C表达阳性组明显高于阴性组(P=0.015),淋巴结转移组明显高于无转移组(P=0.001)。结论:VEGF-C通过促进宫颈癌内淋巴管形成,促进淋巴转移并与患者的预后有关。     

Neither normal nor diseased placentas contain lymphatic vessels

Background

Scant data on placental lymphatic vessels have pointed to the absence of lymphatic circulation. A recent study on mesenchymal dysplasia (MD), however, has identified pathologic lymphangiogenesis using the D2-40 lymphatic marker. These conflicting data have prompted us to investigate whether lymphatic vessels are present in normal developing placentas and in placental disorders characterized by cistern formation.

Design

Seventeen human placentas without significant pathological abnormality ranging from 12 to 39 weeks of gestational age were studied. Cisternal placental disorders were represented by mesenchymal dysplasia (n = 1), partial hydatitiform mole (n = 2), spontaneous abortion (n = 3) and complete hydatiform mole (n = 2). To identify lymphatic vessels, we used lymphatic endothelial markers Prox-1 and D2-40. The pan-endothelial marker CD31 was used to highlight overall placental vasculature and to determine if the lining cells of cisterns were of endothelial origin. Lymphatic marker positivity was assessed in maternal (decidual) as well as in fetal (chorionic villous) vasculature.

Results

No staining with Prox-1 or D2-40 was identified in fetal vessels in developing or term placentas, or in selected cisternal placental disorders, although both markers highlighted a number of thin-walled decidual vessels. Cistern lining cells were negative for Prox-1, D2-40 and CD31. D2-40 consistently marked stromal cells in chorionic villi and highlighted perivascular/pericellular extracellular matrix.

Conclusion

We established that no lymphatic vasculature is present in the chorionic villi during development, at term or in selected edematous placental disorders. The cisternal lining cells are not endothelial cells; most likely they are of stromal cell origin. Lymphangiogenesis is a part of decidual vascular remodeling during gestation.