PBL教学法在妇产科学教学中的应用初探

目的研究妇产科学教学中PBL教学方法应用的效果.方法随机选取具有可比性的PBL教学实验班(28人)和传统教学对照班(61人),PBL教学实验班的教学采用PBL教学方法,对照班采用传统教学方法.采用阶段考试和期末考试相结合的方法,进行教学效果的评估.结果PBL教学实验班学生的期末考试成绩与传统教学班的学生考试成绩相比无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05),但PBL教学实验班学生的PBL阶段考试和期末考试的病例分析题的成绩均显著优于传统教学班(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论PBL教学方法并不影响学生对基础知识、知识要点和难点的掌握,对于临床思维方面的培养PBL教学方法显著优于传统教学方法.     

PBL教学法在妇产科学教学中的应用

目的 探讨妇产科学教学中PBL教学方法应用的效果.方法 随机选取具有可比性的PBL教学实验班(52人)和传统教学对照班(53人),PBL教学实验班的教学采用PBL教学方法,对照班用传统教学方法.采用阶段考试和期末考试相结合的方法,进行教学效果的评估.结果 PBL教学实验班学生的期末考试成绩与传统教学班的考试成绩相比无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05),但PBL教学实验班学生的病例分析考试成绩显著优于传统教学班(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论 PBL教学方法并不影响学生对基础知识、知识要点和难点的掌握,对临床思维方面实用能力的培养PBL教学方法显著优于传统教学方法.     

PBL教学法在妇产科护理学教学中的应用

目的 探讨妇产科护理学教学中PBL教学方法应用的效果.方法 随机选取具有可比性的PBL教学实验班(53人)和传统教学对照班(52人).PBL教学实验班的教学采用PBL教学方法,对照班用传统教学方法.采用阶段考试和期末考试相结合的方法,进行教学效果的评估.结果 PBL教学实验班护生的期末考试成绩与传统教学班的考试成绩相比无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),但PBL教学实验班护生的病例分析考试成绩显著优于传统教学班(P<0.01,P<0.05).结论 PBL教学方法并不影响护生对基础知识、知识要点和难点的掌握,对临床思维方面实用能力的培养PBL教学方法显著优于传统教学方法.     

妇产科PBL教学促进学生临床思维培养的研究

目的:研究妇产科PBL教学对学生临床思维培养的促进作用。方法:随机选取具有可比性的PBL教学实验班(28人)和传统教学对照班(61人),PBL教学实验班的妇产科教学采用PBL教学方法,对照班采用传统教学方法。采用阶段考试和期末考试相结合的方法,进行教学效果的评估。结果:PBL教学实验班学生的期末考试成绩与传统教学组的学生相比无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),其中填空、名词解释、简答和论述题分数无明显差异(P>0.05)。但选择题中病例分析类型题PBL教学实验组得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而其它类型选择题得分则无显著差异(P>0.05)。PBL教学实验组学生的PBL阶段考试和期末考试的病例分析题的成绩均显著优于传统教学组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:PBL教学模式并不影响学生对基础知识、知识要点和难点的掌握,在临床思维方面的培养显著优于传统教学模式。     

PBL结合LBL在医用物理教学中的应用研究

探索PBL结合LBL教学法在医用物理教学中的应用效果。方法：将本院2005级口腔专业的两个本科教学班分另4作为实验班（PBL班）与对照班（LBL班），实验班的部分章节采用PBL教学法教学，对照班则全部采用传统教学法（LBL）教学，采用期末考试成绩和问卷调查相结合的形式，进行教学效果的评估。结果：采用PBL结合传统教学法教学的实验班不但期末考试成绩明显高于单纯采用传统教学法教学的对照班（P〈0．01），而且教学对象对PBL教学法的评价在许多方面优于传统教学法（P〈0．01）。结论：PBL教学法结合传统教学法在医用物理学教学中不但是可行的．而且是有效的。     

PBL教学法在急诊内科教学中的应用研究

目的研究急诊内科教学中PBL教学方法的应用效果。方法随机选取具有可比性的PBL教学实验班(30人)和传统教学对照班(30人),实验班教学采用PBL教学方法,对照班采用传统教学法,通过摸底考试和出科考试相结合的方法,进行教学效果评估。结果实验班学生摸底考试成绩与传统教学班学生考试成绩相比较无显著差异(P>0.05),但两组出科考试成绩相比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 PBL教学法有助于提高学生的学习积极性,培养学生实践能力及知识应用能力,建立急诊临床思维方法,提高了学习效果。     

卫校临床医学概要实施非经典PBL教学模式初探

目的探索培养卫校学生自学能力及临床思维能力的有效方法。方法选择我校2009级＂3＋2＂临床医学专业（中专阶段）临床1班（59人）为实验班,临床2班（58人）为对照班。每讲解完一个单元的疾病知识后,实验班开展1次非经典PBL教学,对照班开展一次课堂病例讨论。采用期末考试和问卷调查相结合的方法,对非经典PBL教学模式进行效果评估。结果实验班学生期末考试成绩优于对照班（P〈0.05）,其中病例分析型选择题及附加病例分析题实验班成绩显著高于对照班（P〈0.01）,其他类型选择题实验班高于对照班,但无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论非经典PBL教学模式有利于提高学生临床思维能力及处理临床问题能力,增强学生自学能力,锻炼学生协作能力、语言表达能力和人际沟通能力,是培养卫校学生自学能力及临床思维能力的有效方法。     

多种教学方法在生物化学理论课教学中的应用效果研究

目的 探讨多种教学方法在生物化学理论课教学中的应用效果.方法 选取我校2009级护理专业学生114人,随机将其分为实验班（56人）和对照班（58人）.实验班采用多种教学方法进行生物化学教学,对照班采用传统教学方法.结果 实验班学生生物化学成绩显著高于对照班（F =312.24,P＜0.001）.结论 多种教学方法不仅能激发学生学习兴趣,且利于学生掌握生物化学理论知识,从而提高教学质量.     

PBL教学法在心电图教学中的应用研究

目的比较问题（PBL）教学法与传统教学法的教学效果。方法随机选取具有可比性的实验班（56人）和对照班（56人）,实验班的教学采用PBL教学法,对照班采用传统教学法,利用考试和阅读分析心电图（ECC）相结合的方法。进行教学效果的评估。结果实验班学生与对照班学生理论考试成绩相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,实验班学生阅读分析心电图的能力和准确性显著优于对照班（P〈0．01）。结论PBL教学法与传统教学法相比较,PBL教学法在心电图教学中教学效果突出,可以提高学生阅读分析心电图的能力。PBL教学法不仅可以培养学生的学习兴趣,而且也可以提升教学质量,使教与学更具有积极性和主动性。     

人体解剖学全程案例讨论式教学的应用与评价

目的：对人体解剖学施行全程案例讨论式教学,并对教学效果进行评价.方法：将我校2011届临床专业学生分成两个班,分别为实验班和对照班.实验班人体解剖学课程采用全程案例讨论式教学,对照班采用传统讲授式教学法.分别比较两个班的基础知识测验成绩、案例考核成绩及期末考试成绩.结果：实验班的案例考核成绩和期末考试成绩均高于对照班（P＜0.05）,但基础知识测验无明显差异（P＞0.05）.结论：对人体解剖学采用全程案例教学法有助于提高学生的自学能力,对知识的应用能力,提高学习效果.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.