Ⅰ期应用负压封闭引流治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折

目的评价Ⅰ期应用负压引流对治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折合并软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 31例胫腓骨开放性骨折并软组织缺损患者经过清创,切开复位内（外）固定并Ⅰ期应用负压引流（VSD）治疗创面,Ⅱ期行植皮或皮瓣转移修补缺损。结果 31例患者经VSD治疗后创面肉芽组织生长良好,未有感染、骨外露、肌腱外露等并发症的发生。结论胫腓骨开放性骨折合并软组织缺损Ⅰ期应用VSD配合内固定或外固定架,可使创面充分引流,加速创面愈合速度,缩短Ⅱ期植皮或皮瓣转移时间,增加植皮或皮瓣转移成活率,是一种简单、安全、有效的治疗方法,值得临床推广应用。     

外固定架联合封闭负压引流急诊处理胫腓骨开放性骨折28例

目的:探讨外固定器结合封闭负压引流技术(VSD)治疗严重胫腓骨开放性骨折的临床疗效。方法:28例GustiloⅡ型、Ⅲ型胫腓骨骨折,均一期清创,骨折采用外固定架固定,VSD覆盖创面,待感染消除、肉芽组织培养良好后而关闭其创面。其中植皮11例,局部皮瓣转移12例,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣5例。结果随访3～12个月。28例均无骨髓炎发生,骨折愈合良好,愈合时间6～8个月。结论:外固定架联合VSD治疗严重胫腓骨开放性骨折操作简单,固定可靠,可同时处理软组织缺损,后期肢体功能恢复效果好。     

负压封闭引流(VSD)治疗四肢开放性骨折合并软组织缺损的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨使用封闭负压引流技术(VSD)治疗四肢开放性骨折并软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 选择2009年6月～2011年10月收治的25例四肢开放性骨折并软组织缺损患者,均在8h内彻底清创,骨折钢板螺钉内固定或外固定支架固定后一次或多次应用VSD覆盖创面,持续引流,创面情况改善后予植皮或皮瓣转移。结果 25例患者创面愈合出院,通过8～18个月随访,骨折均如期愈合,无骨髓炎发生。结论 VSD结合有张力缝合是治疗四肢开放性骨折并软组织缺损的可靠方法,在迅速有效地稳定骨折的同时,能安全有效地封闭创面,缩短二期创面修复时间,促进骨折愈合,减少并发症。     

VSD联合锁定钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨Gustilo Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨分析VSD联合锁定钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨GustiloⅡ、Ⅲ型骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2010年1月—2012年12月期间该院收治的50例胫腓骨GustiloⅡ、Ⅲ型骨折患者,均行急诊清创、VSD联合锁定钢板内固定治疗,持续负压引流7~10 d,伤口肉芽组织生长良好后行植皮或皮瓣修复创面。结果随访12~24个月,创面中完全愈合46例,4例患者创面依然存在坏死组织和渗出物;骨折骨性愈合48例,骨折延迟愈合2例,再行植骨术,骨折愈合。结论 VSD能够促进肉芽组织的生长,加速创面的愈合,降低伤口的感染率,缩短治疗时间,彻底清创后,采用VSD联合锁定钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨GustiloⅡ、Ⅲ型骨折是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

VSD联合钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折的疗效观察

目的：观察VSD联合钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折的临床效果。方法：选取本科2009年2月-2012年6月收治的30例胫腓骨开放性骨折患者,按照Gustilo分型,Ⅱ型骨折20例,ⅢA型骨折8例,ⅢB型骨折1例,ⅢC型骨折1例,均急诊行清创、VSD联合钢板内固定治疗,持续负压引流7~10 d,伤口肉芽组织生长良好后行植皮或皮瓣修复创面。结果：随访12~24个月,创面中完全愈合30例,无感染病例,骨折骨性愈合28例,骨折延迟愈合2例,再行植骨术,无截肢病例。结论：VSD能够促进肉芽组织的生长,加速创面的愈合,降低伤口的感染率,缩短治疗时间及减轻患者经济负担等优点,彻底清创后,采用VSD联合钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

外固定架联合封闭式负压引流技术急诊治疗严重胫腓骨开放性骨折

目的 探讨外固定架联合封闭式负压引流技术（VSD）治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折的临床疗效.方法 21例GustiloⅡ、Ⅲ型胫腓骨骨折,均采用急诊清创、外固定架固定骨折、VSD技术覆盖创面,二期通过直接缝合、游离植皮和转移皮瓣等方法闭合创面.结果 21例获得随访6～24个月,1例皮缘坏死,1例针道感染,其余病例无皮肤坏死、感染和骨髓炎发生,骨折愈合良好.结论 外固定架联合VSD技术急诊治疗GustiloⅡ、Ⅲ型胫腓骨开放性骨折操作简单、固定可靠、能够早期闭合创面,明显减少软组织损伤的并发症.     

封闭负压引流技术联合外固定支架在胫腓骨下段开放性骨折合并软组织缺损治疗中的应用

目的：探讨使用封闭负压引流技术（ VSD ）联合外固定支架治疗胫腓骨下段开放性骨折合并软组织缺损的临床效果。方法选择2011年1月至2013年10月收治的22例胫腓骨下段开放性骨折伴有软组织损伤的患者,均在8小时内彻底清创修复软组织,骨折端使用外固定支架固定后1次或多次应用VSD覆盖创面,持续引流,待创面情况改善后再予以植皮或皮瓣转移。结果22例患者创面愈合出院,术后随访8～20个月,21例骨折均愈合,无感染和骨髓炎发生,1例术后发生骨不连,改用植骨内固定术后骨折愈合。结论 VSD联合外固定支架在治疗胫腓骨下段开放性骨折合并软组织缺损中具有良好的临床疗效,值得在临床中推广应用。     

外固定架结合封闭负压引流技术治疗GustiloⅢB型胫腓骨骨折

目的探讨外固定器结合封闭负压引流技术（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）治疗严重胫腓骨开放性骨折的临床疗效。方法18例GustiloⅢB型胫腓骨骨折,均一期清创,骨折采用外固定架固定,VSD覆盖创面,待感染消除、肉芽组织培养良好后行带蒂皮瓣移植术。其中局部皮瓣转移2例,腓肠肌皮瓣12例,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣4例。结果随访12～40个月。18例均无骨髓炎发生,骨折愈合良好,愈合时间6～18个月。结论外固定器结合VSD治疗GustiloⅢB型骨折操作简单,固定可靠,可同时处理缺损软组织,后期恢复效果好。     

负压封闭引流（VSD）结合外固定支架在下肢开放性骨折合并软组织缺损治疗中的应用

目的探讨治疗下肢开放性骨折的有效方法。方法3年来收治17例下肢开放性骨折患者,采用负压封闭引流（VSD）加外固定支架治疗,清创后骨折用外固定支架固定,创面或创腔用VSD材料覆盖,接负压封闭吸引,5-9天后二期缝合、植皮或皮瓣转移。结果本组17例创面均愈合,骨折一期临床愈合14例（82.4%）,延迟愈合3例（17.6%）,无骨不愈合,平均愈合时间6.5个月。浅表感染2例（11.6%）,针道感染3例（17.6%）。结论VSD结合外固定支架治疗下肢开放性骨折,在迅速有效地稳定骨折的同时,能安全有效地封闭创面,缩短二期创面修复时间,促进骨折愈合,减少并发症。     

外固定支架结合VSD技术治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折伴软组织缺损患者的疗效观察

目的 探讨外固定支架结合负压封闭引流（VSD）技术治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折伴软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 对2009年6月～2013年1月收治的26例胫腓骨开放性骨折伴软组织缺损患者,采用单边外支架固定结合VSD治疗,清创后骨折用单边外支架固定;创面或创腔用VSD覆盖,持续负压吸引;5～9天后拆除VSD行二期缝合、游离植皮或皮瓣转移修复.并对软组织愈合情况、骨折时间及有无并发症进行疗效评价.结果 随访6～37个月,26例创面二期术后均完全愈合;24例骨折一期愈合;2例骨折延迟愈合;无骨折不愈合;骨愈合时间4.5～9个月,平均6个月;无深部感染及骨髓炎发生.结论 外固定支架结合VSD技术治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折伴软组织缺损安全可靠,既达到了对骨折断端的牢固固定,又最大限度的减少了对软组织的损害.安全有效的封闭创面、缩短创面修复时间,减少并发症.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.