埃博拉病毒科特迪瓦型核蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的通过原核表达获得埃博拉病毒科特迪瓦型的重组核蛋白,并将蛋白纯化。方法将合成的埃博拉病毒科特迪瓦型核蛋白基因亚克隆入原核表达质粒pET-28（a）中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28（a）-C-NP,并将重组质粒转化BL21（DE3）感受态细菌,以IPTG诱导蛋白表达,SDS-PAGE分析表达蛋白及表达量,并用利用His-Band Ni＋柱进行亲和层析纯化,Western blot和蛋白序列分析鉴定表达蛋白。结果所构建的重组表达质粒pET-28（a）-C-NP序列正确,SDS-PAGE检测到目的蛋白表达,表达蛋白正确。结论成功表达并纯化了埃博拉病毒科特迪瓦型核蛋白,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

SARS冠状病毒N蛋白的表达及其诱导的免疫应答

目的表达和纯化SARS冠状病毒的N蛋白,分析其诱导的免疫应答。方法从重组克隆pMD18-N中切取N基因的插入片段,亚克隆至原核表达质粒pET-23a(+)中,转化大肠杆菌BL21,PCR和酶切鉴定转化菌落的插入序列;将构建的原核表达菌株经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE分析重组蛋白的表达;大量诱导表达N蛋白,金属螯合层析予以纯化,将纯化蛋白免疫小鼠,观察其诱导的免疫应答。结果N基因的特异片段被亚克隆到原核表达质粒pET-23a(+),在大肠杆菌表达了SARS冠状病毒的N蛋白;表达的蛋白经金属螯合层析获得纯化;纯化蛋白能被重组N蛋白的GST融合蛋白的免疫血清识别,并诱导小鼠产生了高滴度的抗体和Th1/Th2型的免疫应答。结论成功构建了N蛋白的原核重组表达质粒,纯化的蛋白具有良好的抗原性。     

粉尘螨Ⅱ类抗原cDNA原核表达质粒的构建与表达

目的构建粉尘螨Ⅱ类抗原cDNA基因的重组表达质粒，并在大肠埃希菌中表达。方法采用亚克隆技术，用Sac Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ从重组质粒pMD-18T-Der f2上切下Der f2 cDNA片段，插入表达载体pET-32a( )质粒，转化大肠埃希菌BL21，在含氨苄青霉素的LB平板上筛选阳性重组子，并经双酶切及PCR扩增鉴定。重组质粒pET-32a( )-Der f2转化大肠埃希菌，IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS-PAGE电泳和薄层凝胶扫描定量分析。结果对重组质粒进行酶切和PCR鉴定，获得455bp大小的目的基因片段，与预期结果相符，证明已成功构建携带Der f2基因的重组原核表达质粒pET-32a( )-Der f2。核酸序列测定及同源性分析证实，所构建的原核表达质粒pET-32a( )-Der f2中所含的Der f2 cDNA片段与GenBank中的Der f2序列同源性达到100％。Der f2 cDNA在大肠埃希菌诱导表达后获得分子质量单位为34ku的蛋白，蛋白含量占菌体蛋白含量的16％。结论成功构建了粉尘螨Ⅱ类抗原cDNA基因的重组表达质粒pET-32a( )-Der f2，并在大肠埃希菌中获得高效表达，为获得重组纯化Der f2变应原并用于尘螨变应性疾病的诊治奠定基础。     

重组弓形虫GRA8的表达及其诱导的免疫应答

目的表达和纯化弓形虫RH株GRA8的截短型片段,分析其诱导的免疫应答。方法从重组克隆pMD18-GRA8中切取GRA8的插入片段,亚克隆至原核表达质粒pET-23a(+)中,转化大肠杆菌BL21,PCR和酶切鉴定转化菌落的插入序列;将构建的原核表达菌株经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE分析重组蛋白的表达;大量诱导表达GRA8,金属螯合层析予以纯化,将纯化蛋白免疫小鼠,观察其诱导的免疫应答。结果GRA8基因的特异片段被亚克隆到原核表达质粒pET-23a(+),在大肠杆菌中未见GRA8的明显表达;表达的蛋白经金属螯合层析获得纯化;纯化蛋白能被弓形虫感染兔血清识别。结论成功构建了GRA8的原核重组表达质粒,纯化的蛋白具有良好的抗原性。     

肠道病毒71型VP1包涵体蛋白的复性与纯化

目的 利用原核表达系统,经优化诱导条件及变、复性将包涵体形式肠道病毒71型结构蛋白VP1进行纯化。方法 通过RT-PCR扩增VP1基因,并应用基因克隆技术将VP1基因与pET-28a原核表达载体连接,之后将重组载体转化至大肠埃希菌Rosseta(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导后对包涵体进行变、复性,采用His镍柱亲和层析对VP1蛋白进行纯化,利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot对VP1蛋白进行分析鉴定。结果 PCR扩增出891 bp的EV71-VP1基因,双酶切鉴定原核重组质粒pET-28a-EV71-VP1构建正确。重组载体转化DE3后经IPTG诱导表达VP1蛋白,且以包涵体形式存在。将包涵体变、复性,经SDS-PAGE分离后进行镍柱纯化,得到较纯的目的蛋白,Western blot分析该蛋白能被相应抗体识别。结论 构建的原核重组质粒pET-28a-EV71-VP1转化DE3后经IPTG诱导表达以包涵体形式存在的VP1蛋白,复性后纯化的VP1蛋白具有免疫原性,为EV71 VP1蛋白的研究与开发奠定了基础。     

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫α-4贾第素的原核表达及纯化

目的原核表达并纯化蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的α-4贾第素蛋白。方法经RT—PCR获得a-4贾第素基因片段,经双酶切连入原核表达载体pET-28a（＋）,构建成为重组表达载体pET-28a（＋）-α-4,并转化大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）。IPTG诱导后,收集菌体,裂解后进行SDS-PAGE及Western blot检测,并用Ni—NTA亲和层析柱纯化融合蛋白。结果成功构建了原核表达载体pET-28a（＋）-α-4,经IPTG诱导后,在大肠杆菌中高效表达,目的蛋白以包涵体形式存在;SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析显示,在相对分子量约34kD的位置出现目的蛋白条带,与理论值相符;经Ni—NTA亲和层析柱纯化获得了高纯度的重组的α-4贾第素融合蛋白。结论成功克隆、表达并纯化了α-4贾第素蛋白,为α-4贾第素的细胞定位及功能研究提供了必要条件。     

Stx1B基因克隆、表达及重组蛋白的纯化

目的构建志贺样毒素1B亚单位(Stx1B)的原核表达载体,获取高纯度的Stx1B重组蛋白。方法用PCR法扩增Stx1B,通过基因重组技术克隆入原核表达载体pGEX4T-2,将该重组质粒转化E.coli BL21,IPTG诱导表达,Glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和层析柱纯化重组蛋白,进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析及Westernblot检测。结果重组质粒经诱导后表达分子量为34kD的重组蛋白,Western blot检测显示特异性条带,亲和层析柱纯化后得到重组蛋白的纯度在90%左右。结论成功构建了Stx1B重组质粒,表达并纯化出高纯度重组蛋白,为进一步的生物性质研究奠定了基础。     

家蝇天蚕素Cec4的原核表达与纯化北大核心CSCD

目的构建家蝇天蚕素(Cecropin)Cec4原核表达质粒,表达及纯化Cec4蛋白。方法从家蝇cDNA文库中筛选家蝇天蚕素基因Cec4,设计并合成特异性引物,PCR扩增Cec4基因,连接克隆载体后转入DH5α感受态细胞,通过重组子鉴定及测序完成目的基因的克隆。用限制性内切酶BamHI和HindⅢ双酶切目的基因和质粒,构建GST表达载体pGEX 4T-1-Cec4,转化到大肠埃希菌BL-21中,利用IPTG诱导表达重组Cec4蛋白,经亲和层析纯化后进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析。结果 PCR扩增获得的Cec4基因全长为192 bp,连接到表达载体pGEX 4T-1获得重组质粒pGEX 4T-1-Cec4,转化大肠埃希菌BL-21后经30℃、0.6 mmol/L的IPTG诱导18 h,表达相对分子质量约为26×10~3上清表达的融合蛋白,亲和层析纯化后的蛋白浓度为0.117 mg/ml。结论成功构建重组质粒pGEX 4T-1-Cec4并表达和纯化获得Cec4蛋白,为其进一步研究奠定了实验基础。     

家蝇天蚕素Cec4的原核表达与纯化

目的构建家蝇天蚕素(Cecropin)Cec4原核表达质粒,表达及纯化Cec4蛋白。方法从家蝇cDNA文库中筛选家蝇天蚕素基因Cec4,设计并合成特异性引物,PCR扩增Cec4基因,连接克隆载体后转入DH5α感受态细胞,通过重组子鉴定及测序完成目的基因的克隆。用限制性内切酶BamHI和HindⅢ双酶切目的基因和质粒,构建GST表达载体pGEX 4T-1-Cec4,转化到大肠埃希菌BL-21中,利用IPTG诱导表达重组Cec4蛋白,经亲和层析纯化后进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析。结果 PCR扩增获得的Cec4基因全长为192 bp,连接到表达载体pGEX 4T-1获得重组质粒pGEX 4T-1-Cec4,转化大肠埃希菌BL-21后经30℃、0.6 mmol/L的IPTG诱导18 h,表达相对分子质量约为26×10~3上清表达的融合蛋白,亲和层析纯化后的蛋白浓度为0.117 mg/ml。结论成功构建重组质粒pGEX 4T-1-Cec4并表达和纯化获得Cec4蛋白,为其进一步研究奠定了实验基础。     

类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌AraC转录因子基因的原核表达及纯化北大核心CSCD

目的从海南类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌菌株BPHN001中克隆得到AraC转录因子基因,构建类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia pseudomallei)AraC转录因子基因原核表达质粒,对该转录因子基因进行原核表达,并对表达产物进行纯化。方法根据AraC转录因子基因设计特异性扩增引物,将PET-28a(+)质粒和扩增得到的AraC转录因子基因产物同时用BamHⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切,构建带His标签的重组质粒。经测序验证后,将重组质粒转化至大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),采用最佳浓度IPTG进行诱导,采用SDS-PAGE鉴定重组蛋白的表达情况。通过Ni^(2+)柱纯化目的蛋白,采用Western blot检测纯化蛋白的免疫反应性。结果特异性引物扩增得到的产物大小约为1000 bp,与目的基因片段1032 bp基本一致。将扩增产物与PET-28a(+)载体连接后测序,与预期完全一致。重组载体转化BL21(DE3)后用最适IPTG浓度(0.5 mmol/L)诱导过夜(约16 h),SDS-PAGE检测表达产物分子质量在40~55 ku之间,与预期相符。表达蛋白纯化后进行Western blot,能被相应抗体识别。结论成功克隆得到AraC转录因子基因,,构建的含AraC转录因子基因原核表达载体转化DE3后经IPTG诱导可表达出融合蛋白,经Ni^(2+)柱纯化得到具有免疫反应原性的AraC转录因子蛋白,为AraC转录因子的功能研究奠定了基础。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

南通市老年人生命质量影响因素的因子分析

目的 了解南通市老年人的生命质量及其影响因素.方法 2010年7月应用欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)对南通市994例＞60岁的老年人进行问卷调查,探索性因子分析生命质量的影响因素.结果 英国权重计算城市老年人生命质量指数得分均数(0.590±0.092)高于农村老年人(0.560±0.115),农村老年人得分高于养老院老年人(0.447 ±0.154).社会经济因素、闲暇生活方式、慢性病、睡眠食欲、婚姻家庭和社会支持是影响老年人生命质量的主要因子.结论 政府应完善养老保险和医疗保险制度,加强老年人慢性病的健康管理,促进居家养老服务体系建设.     

胆囊腺肌增生症23例临床分析

目的探讨胆囊腺肌增生症的病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法在1046例胆囊切除术中,对病理检查确诊的23例胆囊腺肌增生症的临床资料进行回顾性分析,患者术前均行超声、CT或MRI检查。结果23例胆囊腺肌增生症临床表现与慢性胆囊炎胆石症类似。病变大体形态:局限型13例(均位于胆囊底部)、节段型7例和弥漫型3例。23例均行胆囊切除,合并胆囊结石6例,合并胆囊炎14例。结论胆囊腺肌增生症是一种好发于成年人的胆囊壁增生性病变,此病常与慢性胆囊炎、胆石症并存,临床诊断困难,确诊需依赖病理检查。联合超声、CT和MRI等影像学检查可提高术前诊断准确度。目前手术是治疗的最好方法。     

糖尿病肾病血液透析护理效果分析

目的探讨糖尿病肾病血液透析中不同护理模式的护理效果。方法选择该院2018年3月—2019年3月收治的糖尿病肾病患者72例。该次选取的病例均拟行血液透析治疗,按照随机数表将患者分为对照组(35例)和观察组(37例),其中对照组在患者血液透析期间行常规基础护理,观察组行优质护理干预,观察两种不同的护理模式对患者血液透析的影响。结果观察组患者因低血压等中断透析的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组透析期间并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的生活质量SF-36评分均高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病肾病患者透析期间行优质护理,有助于保障血液透析的顺利开展,同时降低各种并发症的风险,使得患者的生活质量有最基本的保障。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.