大鼠三叉神经尾侧亚核丘脑投射神经元与初级传入和中缝大…

用束路追踪和免疫电镜方法研究了大鼠三叉神经尾侧亚核丘脑揣影神经元与初级传入和中缝大核下投射纤维间的突触联系，光镜观察发现，ＨＲＰ跨节标记三叉神经传入终末与中缝大核顺行追踪的ＰＨＡ－Ｌ标记终末在三叉神经尾侧亚核浅层有重叠分布，在ＶＣ浅层丘脑投射神经元与初级传入和ＲＭｇ下行投射的分布也有重叠。电镜观察发现初级传入终末和丘脑投射神经元估形成非对称性轴树突触，而ＲＭｇ下行投射终末与三叉丘脑投射神经元树突形     

大鼠三叉神经尾侧亚核丘脑投射神经元与初级传入和中缝大核下行投射纤维间的突触联系

用束路追踪和免疫电镜方法研究了大鼠三叉神经尾侧亚核丘脑投射神经元与初级传入和中缝大核下行投射纤维间的突触联系。光镜观察发现，HRP跨节标记三叉神经传入终末与中缝大核（RMg）顺行追踪的PHA－L标记终末在三叉神经尾侧亚核（Vc）浅层有重叠分布。在Vc浅层丘脑投射神经元与初级传入和RMg下行投射的分布也有重叠。电镜观察发现初级传入终末和丘脑投射神经元树突形成非对称性轴树突触；而RMg下行投射终末与三叉丘脑投射神经元树突形成对称性或非对称性轴树突触，提示RMg下行投射纤维可能通过直接作用于丘脑投射神经元对初级传入的伤害性信息进行调控。     

头面部感觉神经一级传入纤维终末的溃变类型及特点

目的：观察头面部感觉神经一级传入纤维终末的类型和超微结构特点,方法：用微量注射器向三叉神经节内注射微量纯酒精,损毁三叉神经一级神经元的胞体,从而导致其初级传入纤维终末溃变,电镜下对头面部感觉神经一级传入纤维终末的形成进行初步观察。结果：头面部感觉神经一级传入纤维终末产生了电子致密型和神经微丝增生型两种溃变,依据初级传入纤维终末形态大小,溃变特点分为五类：（1）普通型中央轴突终末（CCT）;（2）扇贝型中央轴突终末（SCT）;（3）细小的中央轴突终末（SCT）;（4）细小的轴突终末（ST）;（5）突触小球的中央轴突终末（GCT）;结论：三叉神经初级传入纤维终末与胶状质内的神经元建立了广泛的突触联系,是完成其复杂的痛觉调节机制的超微形态学基础。     

大鼠三叉神经初级纤维传入终末的溃变类型和突触联系

损毁大鼠三叉神经根,观察其纤维终末在中枢内的溃变。结果发现:存活第1天,溃变终末内线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂紊乱,透明小泡聚集;第2天溃变终末电子密度增加,出现典型的神经微丝增生型溃变;第3天溃变的细小轴突终末密度显著增高;第4天细小的溃变轴突终末皱缩并被胶质细胞包绕,有的终末突触小泡融合成大小不等的空泡。另外,较大的扇贝型溃变终末常与多个树突形成轴一树突触,其中有的进一步形成轴—树—树连续性突触,轴—轴突触偶见,表明三叉神经初级传入纤维与中枢内其它神经元联系密切而广泛,与其复杂的痛觉调控机制相一致。     

大鼠延髓背角浅层内CGRP阳性终末与GABA及甘氨酸能神经元的突触联系

目的 观察大鼠延髓背角（MDH，三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核）浅层（Ⅰ，Ⅱ层）内降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）阳性终末与γ－氨基丁酸（GABA）能和甘氨酸（Gly)能神经元的突触联系。方法 包埋前GABA或Gly免疫组织化学染色方法结合包埋前CGRP免疫金标记电镜技术。结果 GABA或Gly阳性产物广泛分布于神经元胞体、胞突和树突内，CGRP阳性标记主要见于无髓和薄髓轴突内。约53％和51％的CGRP阳性轴突终末分别与GABA和Gly阳性神经元的胞体或树突形成非对称性突触，其中的多数为轴－树突触，轴－体突触较少。结论 含CGRP的初级传入纤维直接与MDH浅层内的GABA能及Gly能抑制性中间神经元形成突触联系。     

三叉神经尾侧脊束核胶状质亚核内树-轴突触及连续性突触的亚显微结构的研究

用电子显微镜观察了小白鼠三叉神经尾侧脊束核胶状质亚核内的突触联系。小白鼠三叉神经尾侧脊束核胶状质亚核内有树-轴突触及连续性突触。树-轴突触(DA) 树突D内只含少量扁圆形突触小泡,与轴突A形成树-轴突触。连续性突触树-轴-树突触(D-A-D_1):树突D与轴突A形成树-轴突触,而轴突A又与树突D_1形成轴-树突触。轴-树-树突触(A-D-D_1):轴突终末A与Ⅱ型树突D形成轴-树突触;而树突D又与Ⅱ型树突D_1形成树-树突触。轴-轴-树突触(A-A_1-D_1):轴突终末A与轴突终末A_1形成轴-轴突触,而轴突终末A_1又与Ⅱ型树突D_1形成轴-树突触。     

大鼠脑干向面口部运动核的P物质能和脑啡肽能投射

目的：观察大鼠脑干面口部运动核（三叉神经运动核、面神经核和舌下神经核）内Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）和亮氨酸脑啡肽（ＬＥＮＫ）样阳性终末的中枢起源．方法：荧光金（ＦＧ）逆行追踪与ＳＰ样和ＬＥＮＫ样免疫荧光组织化学染色相结合的双重标记技术．结果：将ＦＧ分别注入三叉神经运动核、面神经核或舌下神经核后,ＦＧ逆标神经元主要位于臂旁核簇、三叉上核、三叉神经感觉主核、脑桥和延髓网状结构、巨细胞网状核α部和延髓中缝核簇．上述结构内的部分ＦＧ逆标神经元呈ＳＰ样或ＬＥＮＫ样阳性,这些双标神经元主要位于臂旁外侧核、延髓中缝…     

大鼠丘脑束旁核的电镜观察

透射电镜下观察了大鼠ＰＦ中参与突触构成的各种轴突终末及突触联系为主的超微结构特征，ＰＦ中参与突触构成的轴突终末分为Ｒ，Ｆ，Ｐ及Ｇ终末四类，Ｒ终末包括ＳＲ及Ｇ终末四类，Ｒ终末包括ＳＲ及ＬＲ终末，ＳＲ终末占８１．５３％，为含有小圆形清亮小泡的轴突终末，所含小泡平均直径为４３ｎｍ，ＬＲ终末占９４．５％，含较大直径的圆形清亮小泡，平均直径为５６ｎｍ，与树突构成对称或不对称的轴－树突触，Ｆ终末占６．４４％，     

猫舌快反应传入纤维终止于三叉神经感觉主核和脊束核形成突触差异分析

目的：研究猫舌快反应传入纤维终止于三叉神经感觉主核和三叉神经脊束核形成突触的类型及突触各组成部分出现频率的差异。方法：采用确定了部位和功能的传入纤维进行细胞内注射，电镜连续切片观察技术。结果：（1）猫舌快反应传入纤维终止于三叉神经感觉主核形成的突触以单纯型为主；（2）猫舌快反应传入纤维终止于三叉神经脊不核形成的突触以中间型为主；（3）形成三联体的数目及形成突触的各组成部分出现的频率，三叉神经脊束核相对较高。结论：终止于三叉神经感觉主核的传入纤维主要以快速传递神经信息为主，终止于的传入纤维主要以信息的广泛联系为主。     

大鼠下丘脑室旁核向孤束核投射的电镜研究

用直流电电解损毁大鼠下丘脑一侧室旁核（Pa)后，电镜观察同侧孤束核内侧亚核（Sol M)中Pa投射纤维终末的超微结构及突触联系，结果：Sol M中有Pa下行投射纤维终末存在，构成的突触以轴－树突触为主，轴－棘，轴－轴突触为少量，无轴－体突触，Pa终末内的突触小泡以圆形清亮囊泡为主，突触的类型主要为Gray I型，Sol M 中有少量Pa终末参与构成突触球，Pa下行投射终末溃变以电子致密型为主，有少量水样溃变。     

Trigeminal primary afferent terminals containing substance P－like immunoreactivity in the paratrigeminal nucleus

ＴｒｉｇｅｍｉｎａｌｐｒｉｍａｒｙａｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅＰ－ｌｉｋｅｉｍｍｕｎｏｒｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｐａｒａｔｒｉｇｅｍｉｎａｌｎｕｃｌｅｕｓＺｈａｎｇＷｅｎｂｉｎ；（张文斌）；ＴｏｋｉｏＴ...     

大鼠孤束核中部轴突终末及实触形式观察──针刺针麻的形态学研究

对正常大鼠孤束核中部进行透射电镜观察，结果表明：此区域内孤束核（ＮＴＳ）的轴突终末多为含圆形清亮小泡的终末（Ｒ），其次为含多形性小泡的终末（ＰＬ）和含有大颗粒小泡的终末（ＬＧ），另外还可见少量含扁平小泡为主的终末（Ｆ）。其终末的突触形式绝大多数为轴树突触约占９５．５％，轴体突触占３．５％，轴轴突触占０．７％，树树突触占０．３％，还可见到少数突触小球样结构，并对其针刺镇痛的形态学基础进行了探讨。     

Immunocytochemical localization of beta2-adrenergic receptors in the rat spinal cord and their spatial relationships to tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive terminals

The distribution of beta2-adrenergic receptors (beta2-ARs) in the rat spinal cord was investigated by immunocytochemistry using an antibody against beta2-ARs. The relationship between beta2-ARs and catecholaminergic terminals containing the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in the dorsal horn was also examined by light and electron microscopy. beta2-AR-immunoreactivity (beta2-AR-IR) showing the appearance of fibers and puncta was particularly dense in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn. Moderate immunoreactivity was observed in the intermediolateral cell column, in the ventral horn and around the central canal. Additional immunoreactivity was detected in ependyma lining the central canal. Capsaicin treatment reduced, but did not eliminate, the immunostaining in the dorsal horn. Double immunofluorescence histochemistry for beta2-AR and TH showed no colocalization of the two antigens. By electron microscopy, beta2-AR-IR was found in dendrites as well as unmyelinated axons and axon terminals which contained many small clear vesicles and several large granular vesicles. Such terminals usually formed asymmetric synapses on labeled or unlabeled dendrites. TH-labeled terminals were often near both axonal and dendritic profiles containing beta2-AR-IR and sometimes made synaptic contacts with beta2-AR-labeled dendrites. However, beta2-AR-IR was found on the extrasynaptic portion of the plasma membrane. No synaptic contact was made between TH-labeled terminals and beta2-AR-labeled varicosities. These results demonstrated that beta2-ARs are localized on both nociceptive primary afferents and on dendrites in the rat dorsal horn and provide the ultrastructural evidence that beta2-ARs on both axonal and dendritic profiles are activated by catecholamines released from catecholaminergic terminals via volume transmission.     

Ultrastructural characteristics of substance P-immunoreactive terminals in marginal division of rat striatum.

In our previous work using immunocytochemical method combined with tract tracing techniques a new subdivision was described in the striatum of the rat. This "marginal division" is more densely filled with substance P, enkephalin and dynorphin B terminals than the rest of the striatum. In the present study, the synaptic organization of the substance P immunoreactive (SPIR) terminals in the marginal division of the rat striatum was studied using electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry for substance P (SP). Four major types of SPIR synapses were identified in the marginal division: axodendritic, axospinous, axo-axonal, and compound synapses. Axodendritic and axospinous synapses, in which the postsynaptic targets were small or large dendrites or spines, were the most common. A few axo-axonic synapses were observed as were several subtypes of compound synapses with more than two synaptic components. SPIR axon terminals formed the presynaptic components of all these synaptic types, but in one case an unlabeled bouton was observed making a synaptic connection onto a SPIR dendrite. Both symmetric and asymmetric SPIR synapses were observed in the marginal division. The vesicles in the SPIR presynaptic boutons were mostly pleomorphic although a few of them were round. The existence of asymmetric synapses, round synaptic vesicles and small postsynaptic dendrites distinguishes the ultrastructure of the marginal division from that of the other parts of the striatum. The complex characteristics of the synaptic organization in the marginal division implies that the SPIR terminals in the marginal division originate from a different source than those in the rest of the striatum. The complexity of the synaptic organization further suggests that the function of the marginal division is different from that of the rest of the striatum.

     

针刺促进猫脊髓Ⅱ板层可塑性变化的穴位特异性——电镜定量…

为了解针否刺穴位可促进脊髓的可塑性变化这一效应有无穴位特异性，采用针刺单侧后肢备根猫术侧Ｌ６脊神经支配范围的“足三里”和“悬钟”、“伏兔”和“三阴交”两组穴位及与它们对应的非穴位，于３０天时用电镜定量方法计数穴位经且与非穴位组脊髓Ⅱ板层内突触性终末之数量。结果：两组动物非背根来源的简单终末（ＳＴ）数无显著性差异（ｐ〉０．０５），针刺非穴位组的ＣＴ数仅为穴位组的５３％，表明针刺非穴位对ＣＴ数量无明显     

SYNAPTIC ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CAUDAL SPINAL TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS IN RABBIT AND MOUSE

The caudal spinal trigeminal (CST) nucleus synapse consists of the pre- and postsynaptic mem branes and synaptic cleft. The active sites of the synapse consists of the presynaptic membranes. There are accumulated dense substances on the pre. and postsynaptic membranes, especially on the latter. Occasionally, subsynaptic cytoplasmic dense bodies ari: seen in the postsynaptic element, and intersynaptic filaments are found within the synaptic clefts. Synap- tic vesicles are located in the presynaptic terminals, Spherical, flat, granular and agranular synaptic vesi- cles are observed in presynaptic terminals. Numerous axon terminals, dendrites and axo dendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonic and dendrodendritic synapses were identified in the CST nucleus.. The dendrites were classified into type I (without synpatic vesicles) and type Il (few synaptic vesicles). Accord- iijg to the vesicle shape, the nuclear synapses are divided anto S (spherical), F (flat), S-F and F-S types. Anzong the observed synapses, about 20% were synaptic glomeruli. The functional significance of the synaptic pattem, glomeruli and vesicles in the CST nucleus are discussed.     

多效生长因子对小鼠子宫基质细胞蜕膜化的影响

目的：构建多效生长因子（PTN）基因过表达载体,研究PTN对小鼠子宫基质细胞蜕膜化的影响。方法：根据GenBank中已发表的PTN基因序列,设计含酶切位点的特异性引物,进行PCR扩增及胶回收后,与pGEM-T载体连接,经限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后与pcDNA3.1（+）载体融合得到PTN过表达质粒,将其转染至体外分离培养的小鼠子宫基质细胞中,利用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测子宫基质细胞中PTN mRNA表达水平及PTN过表达作用下蜕膜化标志性分子Prl8a2和Prl3c1表达水平。对照组为转染pcDNA3.1（+）空载体的子宫基质细胞。结果：PTN过表达质粒经双酶切鉴定后,结果与目的基因条带吻合,测序结果与GenBank中小鼠PTN基因序列同源性为100%。与对照组比较,PTN过表达载体组小鼠子宫基质细胞中PTN、Prl8a2和Prl3c1 mRNA表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）。结论：PTN过表达能够使小鼠子宫内膜基质细胞中蜕膜化标志分子的表达水平升高,提示PTN可能在小鼠子宫内膜蜕膜化过程中起促进作用。     

无水酒精注射治疗原发性三叉神经痛

目的探讨原发性三叉神经痛的发病机制、无水酒精注射治疗的疗效及复发因素.方法对运用无水酒精注射治疗原发性三叉神经痛245例的临床资料及治疗经过进行了观察和分析.结果 245例原发性三叉神经痛患者经无水酒精注射治疗后,疼痛消失165例,疼痛减轻80例,近期总有效率100.00%.随访有44例复发,其中6～12个月复发16例,1、2a复发21例.2a以上7例,总复发率为17.96%.结论原发性三叉神经痛的可能发病机制有中枢病因学说、周围病因学说、免疫、生化等因素;无水酒精注射治疗原发性三叉神经痛,创伤小,疗效肯定,复发率低;神经纤维的再生或神经远端功能并非完全丧失、神经孔数目的变异及交通支的存在等是无水酒精注射治疗原发性三叉神经痛的复发因素.