肝静脉压梯度对食管曲张静脉出血的预测价值

目的探讨肝静脉压梯度(HVPG)对预测肝硬化食管曲张静脉出血(EVB)的临床价值。方法对26例有出血史和20例无出血史的肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者进行了HVPG测量,平均随访18个月观察HVPG值与EVB发生率之相关性。结果出血组HVPG值平均为15.13±3.57mmHg,明显高于非出血组11.07±2.21mmHg,两组相比差异显著(P<0.05);HVPG值>12mmHg者EVB或EVB再发率为73％,而HVPG值<12mmHg者EVB发生率为10％(P<0.01)。结论HVPG测定有预测首次EVB或EVB再发的价值。     

Agreement between wedged hepatic venous pressure and portal pressure in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis

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Cirrhosis and portal hypertension: The importance of risk stratification,the role of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement

Portal hypertension is the main prognostic factor in cirrhosis. The recent emergence of potent antiviral drugs and new algorithm of treatment for the management of complications due to portal hypertension have sensibly changed our perception of cirrhosis that can be now considered as a multistage liver disease whose mortality risk can be reduced by a tailored approachfor any stage of risk. Experts recommend to move toward a pathophysiological classification of cirrhosis that considers both structural and functional changes. The hepatic venous pressure gradient HVPG, is the reference gold standard to estimate the severity of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. It correlates with both structural and functional changes that occur in cirrhosis and carries valuable prognostic information to stratify the mortality risk. This article provides a general overview of the pathophysiology and natural course of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. We propose a simplified classification of cirrhosis based on low, intermediate and high mortality stage. The prognostic information provided by HVPG is presented according to each stage. A comparison with prognostic models based on clinical and endoscopic variables is discussed in order to evidence the additional contribute given by HVPG on top of other clinical and instrumental variables widely used in clinical practice.     

Collagen proportionate area correlates to hepatic venous pressure gradient in non-abstinent cirrhotic patients with alcoholic liver disease

AIM To explore the relationship between collagen proportionate area(CPA) and portal hypertension-related clinical manifestations in alcoholic liver disease(ALD).METHODS Retrospective study with chart review of patients with ALD adressed to our center between January 2012 and December 2013 for a transjugular liver biopsy(TJLB) and hepatic hemodynamic study. Patients were included if they met the following criteria:(1) Medical indication for a liver biopsy in the setting of ALD;(2) recent( 15 d) clinical, radiological, endoscopic and biological data available; and(3) estimated follow-up of at least 6 mo. Liver tissue from cirrhotic subjects obtained from transjugular liver biopsies was stained with Picro Sirius red and computer-assisted digital image analysis to determine fibrosis density using CPA was performed. RESULTS We included 61 patients with alcoholic ALD, subdivided in 41 active alcohol drinkers and 20 durably abstinent patients. Nine healthy liver donors served as controls. Mean CPA in patients with ALD was 7.1%, with no difference between active drinkers and abstinent patients(P = 0.17). Using a fibrosis density cutoff of 5%, we observed a positive correlation between high fibrosis density and the hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG) only in active drinkers(P = 0.02). At 12-mo of follow-up, in the group of active alcohol drinkers, patients reaching a composite outcome showed a higher HVPG value as compared to those who did not(18.5 mm Hg vs 14.5 mm Hg P 0.04) whereas CPA values were similar(6.9% vs 11%, P = 0.23).CONCLUSION In active alcoholic ALD, CPA correlates to portal pressure but only HVPG predicts clinical events, pointing to the role of alcohol as a modulator of portal hypertension.     

非肝硬化门脉高压患者临床特点分析

目的 总结非肝硬化门脉高压症(NCPH)患者的临床特点和肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG)的变化.方法 2017年1月～2019年12月南京市第二医院住院的28例NCPH患者,采用Seldinger法穿刺右侧颈内静脉,使用一次性球囊导管测定肝静脉压力,计算HVPG,接受肝活检检查.结果 在本组28例NCPH患者中,诊断特发性门...     

Pre-transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic-shunt measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient and its clinical application: A comparison study

BACKGROUND It is controversial whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) placement can improve long-term survival.AIM To assess whether TIPS placement improves survival in patients with hepaticvenous-pressure-gradient(HVPG) ≥ 16 mm Hg, based on HVPG-related risk stratification.METHODS Consecutive variceal bleeding patients treated with endoscopic therapy + nonselective β-blockers(NSBBs) or covered TIPS placement were retrospectively enrolled between January 2013 and December 20...     

Comparison of Doppler ultrasonography and the hepatic venous pressure gradient in assessing portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This prospective study aimed to determine whether Doppler ultrasonography can represent the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) as an assessment of the severity of portal hypertension and the response to terlipressin, which reduces the portal pressure in liver cirrhosis. METHODS: The HVPG and the Doppler ultrasonographic parameters, such as the portal venous velocity and the splenic venous velocity, the pulsatility and the resistive index of the hepatic, splenic and renal arteries were measured in 138 patients with liver cirrhosis. The changes in the HVPG and the portal venous velocity after administering terlipressin were evaluated in 43 of the 138 patients. The patients who showed a reduction in the HVPG of more than 20% of the baseline were defined as responders to terlipressin. RESULTS: None of the Doppler ultrasonographic parameters correlated with the HVPG. Both the HVPG (28.0 +/- 19.8%) and the portal venous velocity (29.7 +/- 13.2%) showed a significant reduction after terlipressin administration. However, the portal venous velocity decreased significantly, not only in the responders (31.0 +/- 12.0%) but also in the non-responders (25.2 +/- 16.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Doppler ultrasonography does not represent the HVPG, and is therefore not suitable for replacing HVPG as a means of assessing the severity of portal hypertension and the response to drugs which reduce the portal pressure in liver cirrhosis.     

超声联合剪切波弹性成像技术在病毒性肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压中的应用研究

目的评估超声联合剪切波弹性成像(SWE)技术在肝硬化门静脉高压中的临床应用价值。方法选取病毒性肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压患者64例,门静脉压力(PVP)测定前超声测量门静脉和脾静脉血流参数;采用SWE技术检测获得肝脏和脾脏硬度指标组织剪切波传播速度(SWV);分析门静脉和脾静脉血流参数、肝功能、肝脏和脾脏SWV与PVP的相关性。结果肝功能Child-Pugh A级14例,B级43例,C级7例,平均肝脏SWV:C级(2.10±0.30)m/sB级(1.87±0.25)m/sA级(1.71±0.14)m/s。Spearman相关分析显示,门静脉内径、门静脉充血指数及脾脏SWV与PVP相关。多元回归分析显示,脾脏SWV为PVP的独立相关因素(t=7.493,P0.001);而门静脉和脾静脉血流参数、肝功能、肝脏SWV与PVP无明显相关性。结论脾脏SWV与PVP存在较好的相关性,SWE技术测定脾脏SWV将可能成为无创性评估肝硬化门静脉高压的重要方法。     

Effects of nifedipine on hepatic venous pressure gradient and portal vein blood flow in patients with cirrhosis

Abstract We investigated the effects of nifedipine on splanchnic haemodynamics in 13 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and in 10 control subjects using hepatic venous catheterization and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. There were no significant changes in systemic or splanchnic haemodynamics in control patients. In contrast, systemic vascodilatation, evidenced by significant decreases in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, was observed in patients 20 min after sublingual application of 10 mg nifedipine. Moreover, hepatic venous pressure gradient and portal vein blood flow significantly increased after nifedipine administration. There was a significant correlation between the percentage increases in portal vein blood flow and in hepatic venous pressure gradient. However, no correlation was found between the percentage change in cardiac output and that in portal vein blood flow. Thus the increase in portal vein blood flow appears to be related to splanchnic arterial vasodilatation by nifedipine. Consequently, nifedipine has deleterious effects on portal haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis. As nifedipine may potentially increase the risk of variceal haemorrhage in patients with less advanced varices, this drug should be used with caution in patients with chronic liver disease.     

Effect of viral suppression on hepatic venous pressure gradient in hepatitis C with cirrhosis and portal hypertension

Portal hypertension is a predictor of liver‐related clinical events and mortality in patients with hepatitis C and cirrhosis. The effect of interferon‐free hepatitis C treatment on portal pressure is unknown. Fifty patients with Child‐Pugh‐Turcotte (CPT) A and B cirrhosis and portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] >6 mm Hg) were randomized to receive 48 weeks of open‐label sofosbuvir plus ribavirin at Day 1 or after a 24‐week observation period. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12) in patients who received ≥1 dose of treatment. Secondary endpoints included changes in HVPG, laboratory parameters, and MELD and CPT scores. A subset of patients was followed 48 weeks posttreatment to determine late changes in HVPG. SVR12 occurred in 72% of patients (33/46). In the 37 patients with paired HVPG measurements at baseline and the end of treatment, mean HVPG decreased by ‐1.0 (SD 3.97) mm Hg. Nine patients (24%) had ≥20% decreases in HVPG during treatment. Among 39 patients with pretreatment HVPG ≥12 mm Hg, 27 (69%) achieved SVR12. Four of the 33 (12%) patients with baseline HVPG ≥12 mm Hg had HVPG <12 mm Hg at the end of treatment. Of nine patients with pretreatment HVPG ≥12 mm Hg who achieved SVR12 and completed 48 weeks of follow‐up, eight (89%) had a ≥20% reduction in HVPG, and three reduced their pressure to <12 mm Hg. Patients with chronic HCV and compensated or decompensated cirrhosis who achieve SVR can have clinically meaningful reductions in HVPG at long‐term follow‐up. (EudraCT 2012‐002457‐29).     

探讨肝硬化测定肝静脉压梯度和门静脉血管阻力与食管静脉曲张再出血之关系

对有食管静脉曲张 (EV)出血后 ,肝硬化并门静脉高压之患者 2 1例 ,测定肝静脉压梯度 (HVPG)为 (2 2 6± 0 34)kPa;继之对其中之 18例又测门静脉血管阻力 (PVR)为 (0 2 3± 0 0 6 )kPa·ml 1·min·kg。治疗分两组 :手术组(n =10 )和介入组 (n =11) ,前者其HVPG和PVR之两值显著低于后者 ,随访 18个月内再出血率 ,手术组 (30 % )显然低于介入组 (5 4 6 % ) ,但两组之再出血例如以两值中位数相对比则无差异 ,均发生于高值者。再出血例与未再出血例就两值相对比 ,前者显著高于后者 ,差异非常显著 ,PVR尤著 (P <0 0 0 1)。本研究提示HVPG >2 33kPa ,PVR >0 2 2kPa·ml 1·min·kg是EV再出血危险的域值。HVPG与PVR呈正相关。     

内镜超声引导下门静脉压力梯度测定在动物实验中的应用初探

目的探究内镜超声引导下门静脉压力梯度（EUS-PPG）测定在正常小型猪模型中的应用及安全性。方法选取4只小型猪，雌雄各2只，月龄8~12个月，体重20~30 kg，在全麻下经线阵内镜超声引导，使用22 G穿刺针穿刺门静脉、肝静脉、下腔静脉，再使用中心静脉压模块测压，每条血管测3次取平均值。术中及术后监测生命体征，记录门静脉压力梯度（PPG）结果（PPG为门静脉压力与肝静脉或下腔静脉压力差值）以及操作相关并发症情况。结果4只猪均成功测压，门静脉压力（11.0±1.0）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa），肝静脉或下腔静脉压力（7.3±1.1）mmHg，计算PPG为（3.8±0.9）mmHg。术中、术后无并发症发生。结论EUS-PPG测定技术成功率高，反映门静脉压力准确，且安全性好。     

肝静脉压力梯度在肝硬化门静脉高压症患者中的临床应用

测量肝静脉压力梯度（HVPG）是评估门静脉高压症最常用的方法。大量研究表明,HVPG可作为食管静脉曲张出血的预测因子,此外,HVPG还可作为一个预后指标,可方便临床医生以其做参考为静脉曲张出血的一级预防和二级预防来制定合适的治疗策略。现阶段的治疗目标是使HVPG下降到12 mm Hg以下或比基线值下降20%,达到此目标的患者其食管静脉曲张的首次出血和再出血的风险均大大降低。对于一级预防,非选择性的β受体阻滞剂,如心得安,临床已广泛应用;然而,再出血的发生率仍然很高,临床上常用包括非选择性β受体阻滞剂在内的药物联合治疗和内镜干预,如经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术（TIPS）、内镜下硬化剂注射和内镜下套扎。主要探讨目前HVPG的测量方法及其临床应用,并重点对在肝硬化中HVPG对食管静脉曲张出血和再出血及治疗反应的预测作用做详细阐述。     

Randomized placebo-controlled trial of emricasan for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis with severe portal hypertension

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