不同疗法治疗儿童幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎的疗效比较

目的探讨序贯疗法与标准三联疗法根治小儿幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染相关性慢性浅表性胃炎的疗效比较。方法将73例HP相关性慢性浅表性胃炎患儿随机分为A、B两组。A组序贯疗法,前5天给予奥美拉唑＋阿莫西林,后5天应用奥美拉唑＋甲硝唑＋克拉霉素;B组标准三联疗法,应用奥美拉唑＋克拉霉素＋阿莫西林。比较两组的临床疗效等。结果序贯疗法组HP根除率明显高于标准三联疗法组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论10d序贯疗法具有临床疗效好、HP根除率高、不良反应少,值得在临床上推广使用。     

序贯疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌感染患者疗效观察

目的观察序贯疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染患者的疗效。方法经胃镜检查确诊的慢性胃炎或消化性溃疡且HP阳性患者82例随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组(42例)方案为前5d奥美拉唑+阿莫西林,后5d奥美拉唑+克拉霉素+替硝唑;对照组(40例)三联疗法为奥美拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素,疗程7d。结果治疗组Hp根除率92.85%,对照组Hp根除率75.00%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素、替硝唑组成的10d序贯疗法治疗Hp感染较7d三联疗法有更高的根除率,可提高临床疗效。     

序贯疗法与标准三联、新四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌感染疗效比较

摘 要 目的:比较10 d序贯疗法、标准三联疗法以及新四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的临床效果。方法：153例Hp感染患者随机分为序贯组、标准三联组、新四联组各51例。序贯组予奥美拉唑肠溶片、阿莫西林片（1～5 d）和奥美拉唑肠溶片、克拉霉素缓释片和甲硝唑片（6～10 d）序贯治疗;标准三联组予奥美拉唑肠溶片、阿莫西林片、克拉霉素缓释片三联疗法,疗程7 d;新四联组予奥美拉唑肠溶片、阿莫西林片、克拉霉素缓释片、胶体果胶铋胶囊四联疗法,疗程7 d。3组患者疗程结束后继续服用奥美拉唑肠溶片治疗4周。治疗后比较三组患者Hp根除率、溃疡愈合情况、疼痛及其他症状缓解情况,以及治疗期间药品不良反应发生情况。 结果：序贯组患者Hp根除率、溃疡愈合总有效率、疼痛缓解率等指标均明显优于标准三联组和新四联组,疼痛及其他症状缓解时间明显短于标准三联组和新四联组,药品不良反应发生率也明显低于标准三联组和新四联组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。新四联组与标准三联组各项指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：10d序贯疗法治疗Hp感染,可显著提高Hp根除率,促进溃疡愈合,明显缓解疼痛及其他临床症状,且安全性高,值得临床推广。     

10日序贯疗法与传统标准三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌感染疗效对比分析

目的探讨了10日序贯疗法与传统标准三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌感染疗效。方法全部患者分成两组,一组应用10日序贯法进行治疗:前5天应用奥美拉唑20mg+阿莫西林1000mg,Bid;后5d奥美拉唑20mg+克拉霉素500mg+替硝唑500mg,Bid。对照组采用传统标准三联疗法进行治疗:奥美拉唑20mg+阿莫西林1000mg+克拉霉素500mg,Bid,时间保持与治疗组相同。结果 10d三联对照组39例根除,根除率为78%,治疗组47例成功根除,根除率为94%。两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 10日序贯疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌感染明显优于标准三联疗法,是一种有效的治疗方案,值得临床推广。     

序贯疗法与常规疗法根除幽门螺旋杆菌疗效分析

目的观察由奥美拉唑＋克拉霉素＋左氧氟沙星＋阿奇霉素组成10日序贯疗法根除幽门螺旋杆菌（Hp）的疗效。方法将我院82例确诊为Hp感染阳性的患者分成A组41例和B组41例，A组先给予奥美拉唑20mg，2次／d，＋克拉霉素0．5g，2次／d，5d后给予奥美拉唑20mg，2次／d，＋左氧氟沙星0．2mg，2次／d，＋阿奇霉素0．5g1次／d，疗程5d；B组给予常规奥美拉唑20mg，2次／d＋克拉霉素0．5g，2次／d＋阿莫西林1．0g，2次／d，疗程7d。结果A组根除率94．8％，2例因药物反应不能耐受，6例出现轻微不良反应；B组根除率76．9％，2例因药物反应不能耐受，5例出现轻微不良反应，A组和B组根除率进行z。检验，P〈0．05；两组药物不良反应发生率19．5％、17．0％，P〉0．05。结论以奥美拉唑＋克拉霉素＋左氧氟沙星＋阿奇霉素组成的10日序贯疗法优于常规三联疗法，在不良反应反面无差异。     

含雷贝拉唑的序贯方案根除幽门螺杆菌疗效评价

目的比较由雷贝拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星组成的10d序贯疗法与传统三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的疗效。方法将经胃镜检查确诊为有明显异常的慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡且Hp阳性的患者193例随机分组,治疗组（102例）方案为前5d雷贝拉唑、阿莫西林,后5d雷贝拉唑、克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星;对照组（91例）三联疗法为雷贝拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素,疗程7d。结果治疗组Hp根除率为96．1％,对照组Hp根除率为84．6％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论以雷贝拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星组成的10d序贯疗法治疗Hp感染具有疗效高、不良反应低、依从性好之特点。     

改良序贯疗法在溃疡活动期根除幽门螺杆菌疗效观察

目的：观察改良序贯疗法在溃疡活动期根除幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的疗效。方法：将确诊为Hp阳性的90例患者分两组,其中标准三联治疗方案45例,奥美拉唑静脉点滴＋克拉霉素＋阿莫西林,每日2次口服,共10d;改良序贯疗法方案45例,前5d奥美拉唑＋左氧氟沙星静脉点滴,后5d奥美拉唑静脉点滴＋阿莫西林＋甲硝唑,每日2次口服。疗程结束后4周复查Hp检测。结果：三联疗法组Hp根除率为80.0%（36/45）,序贯疗法组Hp根除率为95.6%（43/45）,两组疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：改良序贯疗法在根除溃疡活动期Hp感染疗效上明显优于标准三联疗法,可以达到尽早、尽快、有效地根除Hp的目的。     

左氧氟沙星序贯治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性的十二指肠球部溃疡临床分析

目的观察奥美拉唑、左氧氟沙星、阿莫西林、克拉霉素组成的10 d序贯疗法根除幽门螺杆菌(Hp)的疗效。方法将经胃镜检查确诊为十二指肠球部溃疡患者85例,随机分为两组,治疗组(47例)方案为前3 d给予奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素,后7d给予奥美拉唑、左氧氟沙星、阿莫西林;对照组(38例)三联为奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素,疗程10 d,比较治疗后两组患者Hp根除率。结果治疗组Hp根除率93.6%,对照组为89.4%,其根除率两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以奥美拉唑、左氧氟沙星等组成的10 d序贯疗法治疗Hp具有较高的根除率。     

克拉霉素治疗幽门螺旋杆菌感染的最低限度费用分析

利用药物经济学方法，对进口与国产克拉霉素进行最低限度费用分析。结果表明，国产克拉霉素、奥美拉唑、阿莫西林1周疗法(治疗组)对幽门螺旋杆菌根除率与进口克拉霉素、奥美拉唑、阿莫西林三联疗法(对照组)相似(P＞0．25)，无显著性差异，并且两组副反应的发生率也无显著差异，从最低限度费用分析可知治疗组的费用较对照组低。提示国产克拉霉素是治疗幽门螺旋杆菌感染安全、有效且经济的药物。     

序贯疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的临床研究

目的 观察由奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素、呋喃唑酮组成的10d序贯疗法根除幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的疗效,并与传统三联疗法进行比较.方法 选择Hp阳性的消化性溃疡、慢性胃炎伴胃黏膜萎缩或糜烂的成人患者155例,随机分为两组,试验组：在前5 d的诱导期中应用奥美拉唑联合阿莫西林口服,在后5 d中应用奥美拉唑,克拉霉素、呋喃唑酮口服治疗.对照组：奥美拉唑,联合阿莫西林、克拉霉素口服治疗7d.结果 治疗组Hp根除率为92.31%,对照组Hp根除率为72.73%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.结论由奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉索、呋喃唑酮组成的10 d序贯疗法治疗Hp感染具有根除率高、安全、和依从性好等优点.     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Study of potential in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity in hepatocytes of quinolone antibiotics

The genotoxicity of quinolone antibiotics has been evaluated in hepatocytes following in vitro and in vivo exposure. Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was induced in vitro in rat hepatocytes by norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ciprofloxacin but not by nalidixic acid. In vivo UDS was not observed in hepatocytes isolated 4 to 24 hr after exposure of adult male F344 rats to either a single dose (30 to 190 mg/kg) or repeated doses (40 mg/kg) of ciprofloxacin. Using the 32P-postlabeling technique, no modified bases were detected in hepatocytes exposed in vitro to ciprofloxacin. In summary, UDS was induced in hepatocytes by in vitro exposure to high concentrations of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, or ciprofloxacin. There was no evidence of in vitro DNA adduct formation by ciprofloxacin or in vivo DNA damage under the conditions tested. These findings suggest that ciprofloxacin is not DNA reactive, but it induces in vitro UDS as a consequence of some indirect action.