颈丛阻滞与全麻对颈动脉内膜剥脱术患者的临床效果观察

目的：探究与分析颈丛阻滞与全麻对颈动脉内膜剥脱术患者的临床效果。方法选取60例颈动脉内膜剥脱术患者,采取随机数字表法分为颈丛阻滞组与全身麻醉组,每组30例,对比2组患者围手术期血流动力学波动性。结果全身麻醉组与颈丛阻滞组夹闭前、解除夹闭后、术后24h血流动力学波动性相比,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组夹闭后血流动力学波动性相比差异无统计学意义。结论对颈动脉内膜剥脱术患者实施颈丛阻滞有利于确保血流动力学稳定性,临床效果较好,安全性较高,值得推广与应用。     

颈丛神经阻滞麻醉下行颈动脉内膜剥脱术

目的探讨颈丛神经阻滞麻醉下行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的效果。方法在颈丛神经阻滞麻醉下,对47例颈动脉狭窄的患者行颈动脉内膜剥脱术,并进行围术期观察。结果颈动脉平均阻断时间为(27±6)min,术后2例出现谵妄,16例出现高血压,对症处理后均康复出院。31例术前有症状的患者术后临床症状均好转。结论颈丛神经阻滞麻醉下行颈动脉内膜剥脱术安全、有效,使术中持续检测神经功能成为可能。     

全身麻醉复合颈丛阻滞在颈动脉内膜剥脱术中的应用研究

目的：探讨全身麻醉复合颈丛阻滞在颈动脉内膜剥脱术中的应用。方法：将2008年1月～2009年10月我院行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的40例患者按照麻醉方式分为两组,对照组25例采用全身麻醉,观察组15例采用全身麻醉复合颈丛阻滞。比较并分析两组的临床效果。结果：观察组苏醒时间明显短于对照组,且苏醒延迟发生率明显低于对照组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;而两组呼吸再抑制发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：全身麻醉复合颈丛阻滞应用于颈动脉内膜剥脱术临床效果满意,值得临床关注。     

颈丛阻滞麻醉颈动脉内膜剥脱术5例报告

颈动脉内膜剥脱术（CEA）是治疗颈动脉高度狭窄的一种有效方法，适当的麻醉方法是保证围手术期安全的重要因素。近年来，关于CEA是采用全麻麻醉还是颈丛麻醉，尚有争论。2004年9月-2005年2月，我院应用颈丛阻滞麻醉行动脉内膜剥脱术5例，取得了较好的临床效果，报告如下。     

颈丛阻滞辅用度氟合剂对循环系统的影响

目的探讨颈丛阻滞后辅用度氟合剂对血压和心率的影响。方法选择在颈丛阻滞下行甲状腺瘤切除手术患者40例,随机分为两组,每组20例。实验组：颈丛阻滞成功后静脉注射哌替啶1mg/kg,氟哌啶0.5mg/kg。对照组：行颈丛阻滞后不用辅助药物的情况下完成手术。分别于阻滞前、辅助用药后5min、切皮、腺瘤切除、术毕各时间段记录收缩压、舒张压、心率和脉搏血氧饱和度。结果两组间麻醉前血压和心率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;颈丛阻滞后各时间段对照组的血压和心率均明显高于实验组（P〈0.05）,两组的心率与颈丛阻滞前相比都有增快（P〈0.05）,两组间的血氧饱和度麻醉前后无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论颈丛阻滞时辅用度氟合剂可明显抑制围术期血压升高,但不能减慢心率。     

健忘镇痛慢诱导在颈动脉内膜剥脱术的应用

目的:评价健忘镇痛慢诱导用于颈动脉内膜剥脱术麻醉诱导的可行性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析健忘镇痛慢诱导应用于13例颈动脉内膜剥脱术麻醉诱导的临床资料。结果:全组麻醉诱导期间血流动力学基本平稳,麻醉诱导后、插管后即刻、插管后2 min、插管后5 min的SBP、DBP、MAP和HR与麻醉诱导前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。全组无心脑血管并发症发生。结论:健忘镇痛慢诱导可以安全有效地用于颈动脉内膜剥脱术的麻醉诱导,有利于预防围术期心脑并发症的发生。     

异丙酚和异氟烷联合麻醉在颈动脉内膜剥脱术的应用

目的　观察异丙酚和异氟烷联合麻醉下实施颈动脉内膜剥脱术围术期血流动力学的影响。方法　30例在气管内全麻下行颈动脉内膜剥脱术患者 ,常规静脉诱导气管插管 ,异丙酚微量泵输注 ,异氟烷持续吸入 ,间断静注维库溴铵、芬太尼。连续监测血流动力学呼吸等指标。结果　患者术前SBP ,DBP ,MAP和HR基础值显著升高 ,麻醉诱导后SBP ,DBP ,MAP和HR均显著降低 ,与基础值相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与术前值相比差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1 )。术中其他时间点血流动力学指标与基础值相比差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　异丙酚和异氟烷联合麻醉可安全地应用于颈动脉内膜剥脱术     

颈丛臂丛神经阻滞麻醉应用在锁骨骨折手术的效果探究

目的:探究颈丛臂丛神经阻滞麻醉应用在锁骨骨折手术的效果.方法:将2015年4月至2016年4月该院收治的50例锁骨骨折患者作为研究对象,并分为研究组合对照组各25例.研究组术中采用颈丛臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,对照组采用颈浅丛神经阻滞麻醉,对比分子两组患者麻醉效果.结果:经研究发现,研究组患者麻醉效果优良率为100％,显著高于对照组88％,组间差异显著(P＜0.05);研究组心率、平均动脉压显著优于对照组(P＜0.05);但两组患者在氧饱和度方面无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:在锁骨骨折手术中采用颈丛臂丛神经阻滞麻醉方式麻醉效果更好,能有效减少患者术中的痛感,有助于手术的顺利完成,值得临床推广运用.     

两种麻醉方法在甲状腺手术中的麻醉效果对比

目的 对比单纯颈丛阻滞麻醉和全身麻醉两种麻醉方式在甲状腺手术中的效果.方法 选取2007年9月～2010年8月在本院行甲状腺手术治疗的女性患者120例,随机分为两种,即单纯颈丛阻滞组(60例)和全身麻醉组(60例),比较两组患者在术前、术中和麻醉结束后的血压、心率、血氧饱和度及血糖等指标的变化.结果 全身麻醉组血压与麻醉前相比具有明显差异(P＜0.05);心率、血氧饱和度及血糖在麻醉前后无明显差异.单纯颈丛阻滞组血压、心率在术中与麻醉前相比有显著差异(P＜0.01),且两组间也存在差异(P＜0.05).单纯颈丛阻滞组发生5例并发症,全身麻醉组1例.结论 全身麻醉对患者循环系统的影响较小,麻醉效果较好,值得在临床运用.     

乌拉地尔颈丛阻滞麻醉对血浆肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素含量的影响

目的 探讨乌拉地尔颈丛阻滞麻醉对血浆肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素舍量的影响.方法 将30例颈丛阻滞麻醉下甲状腺瘤手术患者分为3组:I组:0.25%罗比卡因;Ⅱ组:0.25%罗比卡因 1%利多卡因;Ⅲ组:0.25%罗比卡因 1%利多卡因 乌拉地尔,分别于麻醉前后5、10、20、30 min记录血压、心率和血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素的含量.结果 麻醉前3组患者的平均动脉压、心率和血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素基础值相似,Ⅲ组患者麻醉前后各现察指标的变化均无显著性盖异(P＞0.05);I组患者麻醉后5、10 min平均动脉压较麻醉前和Ⅲ组升高,有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);I组患者麻醉后血浆去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素较麻醉前和Ⅲ组升高,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 乌拉地尔配伍利多卡因能有效预防颈丛阻滞麻醉引起的心血管应激反应.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.