心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠素含量及其与左心功能关系研究

目的探讨心力衰竭患者血浆脑纳素(BNP)水平与心力衰竭严重程度、左室功能等因素的关系。方法采用免疫放射分析法测定122例心力衰竭患者治疗前后和20例对照组血浆BNP浓度;用心脏彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测定并比较各组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)。结果心力衰竭患者BNP浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01);BNP水平随着心功能NYHA分级程度的加重而显著增高,其与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.34,P<0.001),而与LVEDD呈正相关(r=0.65,P<0.001),治疗后随心功能好转BNP浓度下降,LVEF和LVEDD明显改善(P<0.05)。结论心力衰竭患者血BNP水平随着心力衰竭严重程度的增加而升高,并能较好反映左室功能状态。     

甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病患者血浆脑钠肽的变化及意义

目的 检测甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病(甲亢性心脏病)患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径 (LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)的变化及评估BNP在治疗中的应用价值.方法 选择80例甲亢性心脏病患者,其中伴心力衰竭60例,无心力衰竭20例.用Triage诊断仪测定血浆BNP水平,采用心脏超声检查测量并计算LVESD、LVEDD和LVEF,并与40例正常人进行比较.结果 甲亢性心脏病伴心力衰竭患者血浆BNP浓度较正常组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并随心力衰竭分级程度的增加而显著升高.BNP与LVESD、LVEDD、LVEF之间有良好的相关性.心力衰竭Ⅱ～Ⅳ级患者治疗后的BNP水平较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01).结论 BNP可作为甲亢性心脏病患者心力衰竭严重程度和治疗预后的评价指标.     

心力衰竭患者脑钠素浓度与左室功能的关系及临床意义

目的 探讨心力衰竭患者快速检测血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平与左室功能的关系及对心衰诊断的临床意义.方法 对住院有气急和呼吸困难患者80例分为心源性呼吸困难组40例和肺源性呼吸困难组40例.均经干式快速免疫荧光法定量分析检测血浆BNP.超声心动图检查左室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)和左室射血分数(LVEF).结果 心功能Ⅱ级,LVEF≤50%的8例患者血浆BNP浓度为(281.70±163.45)ng/L,心功能Ⅲ级,LVEF≤45%的20例患者血浆BNP浓度为(580.30±210.12)ng/L,心功能Ⅳ级,LVEF≤30%的12例患者血浆BNP浓度为(1486.65±651.34)ng/L. LVEDD≥60mm组18例的血浆BNP浓度(918.418±450.21)ng/L,显著高于LVEDD＜60mm组22例的血浆BNP浓度(298.58±160.51)ng/L(P＜0.01),而LVEDD＜60mm组血浆BNP浓度比左、右室舒张期末内径正常的肺源性呼吸困难组血浆BNP浓度(31.4±26.51)ng/L显著增高(P＜0.01),心源性呼吸困难组血浆BNP浓度(741.63±453.15)ng/L,明显高于肺源性呼吸困难组(31.4±26.51)ng/L(P＜0.01).结论 血浆BNP的释放与左心室容积增大有关,心衰患者血浆BNP的浓度水平与左心室功能障碍严重程度密切相关,快速检测血浆BNP浓度对鉴别呼吸困难是心源性或肺源性具有重要临床意义.     

老年心力衰竭患者脑钠肽与左室功能的相关性

目的探讨老年心力衰竭(HF)患者血清中脑钠肽(BNP)水平与左室功能的相关性。方法测定74例HF患者及20例健康体检者(健康对照组)血浆BNP的水平,超声心动图测定左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD),用统计学软件进行分析。结果HF患者BNP水平明显高于健康对照组,并随心功能分级的加重而显著增加:健康对照组、心功能Ⅱ级、心功能Ⅲ级、心功能Ⅳ级的BNP水平分别为(34±30)、(301±102)、(643±310)、(1002±430)ng/L,HF患者BNP水平与LVEDD呈正相关(r=0.560,P<0.01),与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.651,P<0.01)。结论BNP可作为诊断心力衰竭的一个指标。     

缬沙坦对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠素水平及左室收缩功能疗效的研究

目的 探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者在常规治疗基础上加用缬沙坦治疗12周后脑钠素(BNP)水平的变化及心功能的疗效.方法 应用化学发光法测定52例CHF患者治疗前、后和18例对照组血浆BNP浓度:用多普勒超声心动图测定CHF组左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)及左室射血分数(LVEF).结果 CHF患者血浆BNP水平(456±253)Pg/mL较对照组(28±6)pg/mL明显增高(P＜0.01);不同心功能患者血浆BNP水平差异亦有显著意义,依次为Ⅳ级＞Ⅲ级＞Ⅱ级(P＜0.01),CHF组BNP水平升高与心力衰竭程度呈正相关(r=0.672,P＜0.01).缬沙坦治疗后血浆BNP水平明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01).LVEF有所提高,LVEDD明显缩小与治疗前比较均差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 血浆BNP水平可以反映心力衰竭严重程度、作为治疗心力衰竭的一个可靠观察指标.缬沙坦能显著降低脑钠素水平,改善心功能.在心力衰竭的治疗中起着重要作用.     

血浆脑钠肽和内皮素1在心力衰竭患者中的浓度变化及相关性

目的探讨血浆脑钠肽(BNP)和内皮素1(ET-1)在心力衰竭(心衰)患者中的浓度变化及二者的相关性。方法采用微粒酶免疫法测定血浆BNP,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆ET-1,心脏多普勒超声检查心脏左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)。结果心衰组血浆BNP及ET-1浓度明显高于正常对照组,均随心衰程度的加重而显著增加,且与LVEF呈明显负相关,与LVEDD呈正相关。心衰患者中血浆BNP与ET-1浓度变化呈正。结论血浆BNP、ET-1水平在心衰患者中明显升高,且与心衰的严重程度有明显相关性。     

心绞痛患者脑利钠肽浓度的变化及临床意义

目的:探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病心绞痛(AP)患者血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)浓度的变化及其临床意义.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法测定20例(对照组)冠状动脉(冠脉)造影正常、心功能正常者及55例AP患者静脉血BNP浓度.使用惠普SONOS 5500型超声心动图仪,取胸骨旁左室长轴切面,测量左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末内径(LVESD),计算左室射血分数(LVEF).结果:AP组血浆lg(BNP浓度)明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),其中LVEF＜50%的患者升高更明显(P＜0.05).心功能NYHA≥Ⅲ级组lg(BNP浓度)明显高于Ⅱ级组(P＜O.01),NYHAⅡ级组高于Ⅰ级组(P＜0.01),NYHA Ⅰ级组高于对照组(P＜0.01).稳定型AP组和不稳定型AP组lg(BNP浓度)差异无显著性(P＞O.05).冠脉病变1支组、2支组及3支组间lg(BNP浓度)差异亦无显著性(P＞O.05).AP组血浆BNP浓度与LVEF负相关(r=-O.54,P＜0.001),与LVESD正相关(r=O.53,P＜O.001),与LVEDD、LAD相关性较弱(分别为r=0.40,P＜0.01;r=0.39,P＜O.01).结论:冠心病心绞痛患者血浆BNP浓度明显升高,严重心衰患者表现更为明显.BNP浓度可反映左室收缩功能,与AP是否稳定、冠脉病变可能无明显关系.     

老年高血压病患者血浆B型钠尿肽变化及其临床价值

目的:探讨老年高血压病患者血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)变化及其临床价值。方法:选取老年高血压病患者85例,同期住院的老年体检者35例为对照组,测定两组的血浆BNP和左室射血分数(EF)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左室缩短率(FS)、左房内径(LAD)。结果:老年高血压病患者BNP高于老年体检者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间LVEDD、FS差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),EF、LAD差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。BNP与患者LVEDD、FS、LAD呈显著相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血浆BNP在老年高血压病患者中明显增高,其检测对于评价左心功能有着重要的临床价值。     

心力衰竭患者血浆BNP水平的诊断价值

目的测定心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠肽（BNP）水平,探讨其对心力衰竭的临床诊断价值。方法测定136例心力衰竭患者和136例健康试验人员的空腹血浆BNP水平、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）和左室射血分数（LVEF）的平均值。结果心力衰竭组患者血浆BNP水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,不同心功能组间血浆BNP水平也具有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,BNP水平与LVEF呈显著性负相关（r=-0.69,P〈0.01）,与LVEDD呈显著性正相关（r=＋0.70,P〈0.01）。结论心力衰竭患者血浆BNP水平增加,可为判断心衰严重程度提供参考依据,具有广泛的临床诊断价值。     

米力农佐治老年顽固性心力衰竭60例疗效观察

目的观察米力农佐治老年顽固性心力衰竭的疗效及其对血浆B型脑钠肽(BNP)浓度的影响。方法将118例老年顽固性心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组60例,在常规治疗的基础上加用米力农,首剂负荷量50μg/(kg.min),缓慢推注10 min,再以0.5μg/(kg.min)静脉滴注,时间4 h,1次/d。7 d为1疗程。对照组58例,给予常规药物治疗。治疗前后均测其血浆BNP浓度、左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室舒张末径(LVEDD)变化。结果疗效:观察组总有效率95%,对照组为60.34%,观察组高于对照组(χ2=20.62,P<0.01);两组治疗后LVEF及LVEDD比较均有统计学意义(t=10.46,4.61,P<0.01);两组治疗后血浆BNP浓度有统计学意义(t=20.83,P<0.01)。结论米力农短期应用治疗老年顽固性心力衰竭安全有效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.