残胃状态下食管癌与贲门癌的外科治疗策略

目的：探讨残胃状态下食管癌及贲门癌的外科治疗策略。方法：本院自2005年1月-2012年12月共收治残胃状态下食管癌及贲门癌患者8例,均行外科根治性手术治疗。结果：本组8例确诊患者的残胃状态时间平均为11.7年,其中BillrothI式吻合术者2例;BillrothII式吻合术者6例;2例食管癌患者行三切口食管癌切除联合结肠代食管术,6例贲门癌患者均经腹部手术切口,2例行贲门癌下段食管切除联合间置空肠代食管吻合术,4例行贲门癌残胃全切除联合P形空肠袢代胃Roux-en-Y式吻合术。结论：对于胃大部切除后残胃状态下的患者,早期或局部晚期的食管癌与贲门癌亦可行根治性手术,手术前需根据患者病变情况,选择合适的个体化手术方案,同样可以达到理想的治疗效果。     

间置空肠代胃在胃癌全胃切除术后的临床应用

目的：分析胃癌行全胃切除后I或Ⅱ型间置空肠代胃生理功能。方法：31例胃癌行全胃切除术，其中胃底贲门癌经胸腹联合切除8例，行I型间置空肠代胃吻合3例，Ⅱ型间置空肠代胃5例；胃体癌经腹切除者23例，其中I型吻合13例，Ⅱ型10例。结果：两组均无手术死亡率及吻合口瘘发生。术后1个月至6个月作钡餐检查，见间置空肠袢均呈不同程度的“囊袋”扩张。30－60min I型和Ⅱ型排空时间分别为62．5％和66．7％，80－120min内分别为37．5％和33．3％。饮食恢复正常，血浆总蛋白56－75g/L,占74．2％（23／31），46－55g/L 25.8%(8/31)。血红蛋白110－160g/L占38．7％（12／31），96－105g/L 61.3%(19/31).体重比发病前减轻3－5kg，从事较轻的体力劳动者9例。按Visik分级，全组患者生活质量达到Ⅱ-Ⅲ级之间。结论：临床Ⅱ，Ⅲ期的胃上部癌应选择行全胃切除术，而全胃切除术后间置空肠I型或Ⅱ型代胃能提高病人生活质量。     

胃大部切除术和全胃切除术治疗进展期贲门癌123例临床分析

目的探讨胃大部切除术和全胃切除术治疗进展期贲门癌的疗效。方法对123例进展期贲门癌患者施行外科手术治疗的3、5年生存率以及术后并发症的发生率和病死率进行分析。其中胃大部切除术组（PG组）84例，全胃切除术组（TG组）39例。结果PG组的3、5年生存率分别为43．6％和20．5％，TG组分别为36．8％和18．2％，两组比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2=3．82，P〉0．05；r=3．85，P〉0．05）。PG组术后并发症的发生率和病死率分别为11．9％和6．0％，TG组分别为12．8％和7．7％，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论进展期贲门癌的外科治疗中全胃切除术与胃大部切除术对贲门癌的预后没有明显影响。     

进展期胃上部癌50例临床分析

目的:探讨进展期胃上部癌施行根治性近端胃大部切除、全胃切除术和消化道重建的术式和治疗效果.方法:随访 1994～ 2003年完成的胃上部癌根治性近端胃大部切除、全胃切除 P式空肠袢代胃及食管-空肠 Roux- en- Y吻 合术患者 50例,并分析其临床资料.结果: 50例进展期胃上部癌施行根治性近端胃大部切除或全胃切除术患者均 存活,术后随访 42例,随访率 84.0%. 1, 3, 5年生存率分别为 78.6%( 33例)、 59.5%( 25例)、 38.1%( 16例).结论: 对进展期胃上部癌施行根治性近端胃大部切除或全胃切除术仍然是目前的最佳治疗方法,对提高病人的生存期, 减少痛苦将起重要作用.     

胃大部切除术后吻合口癌、贲门癌及食管癌的外科治疗

目的 探讨胃大部切除术后吻合口癌、贲门癌及食管癌的外科治疗.方法 回顾性分析21例胃大部切除术后吻合口癌、贲门癌及食管癌患者的临床资料.其中贲门癌术后吻合口癌4例;胃溃疡胃大部切除术后贲门癌2例;胃溃疡胃大部切除术后食管上段癌3例;胃溃疡胃大部切除术后食管中段癌6例;胃溃疡胃大部切除术后食管下段癌6例.行残胃全切+食管部分切除,空肠食管吻合术6例;食管胃部分切除,弓下食管胃吻合3例;食管次全切除结肠代食管12例.结果 术后切口感染1例,吻合口瘘1例,1例死于肺部感染,随访20例患者中,4例术后第3年死于心脑血管意外,存活的16例患者饮食基本正常.结论 胃大部切除术后吻合口癌、贲门癌及食管癌患者若全身情况许可,无远处转移均应争取手术治疗,消化道重建器官的选择应根据患者首次手术切除情况及术者熟练程度而定.     

贲门癌患者行全胃切除联合空肠P袢代胃治疗后生活质量及并发症分析

目的探讨全胃切除联合空肠P袢代胃术对贲门癌患者术后生活质量及并发症发生率的影响。方法选取2012年10月至2015年9月该院收治的贲门癌患者60例,按照不同手术方法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组行全胃切除+标准Roux-en-Y吻合术,观察组行全胃切除+空肠P袢代胃术。对比两组手术时长、术中出血量、饮食量、饮食次数、胃排空时间,采用简明健康状况调查量表(SF-36)评估对比术前、术后3个月两组生活质量,对比两组术后并发症发生率。结果观察组胃排空时间较对照组长、饮食次数较对照组少、饮食量较对照组多,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);术后3个月观察组生理功能、躯体疼痛、精神状态、健康状况评分均较对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);两组术后并发症发生率对比,观察组为10.00%(3/30),较对照组的36.37%(11/30)低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全胃切除联合空肠P袢代胃术治疗贲门癌患者可改善预后并提高生活质量,该术式具有较高安全性值得临床推广。     

全胃切除空肠P袢代胃术治疗胃底贲门癌的临床效果分析

目的为提高临床治疗效果,探索全胃切除空肠P袢代胃术治疗胃底贲门癌的临床效果。方法选择2008年1月～2009年12月某院就诊的40例胃底贲门癌患者,单盲抽样把其中27例分为实验组,采取空肠P袢代胃吻合术式治疗;余者分为对照组,采取标准Roux-en-Y吻合术式治疗。结果实验组和对照组术中情况对照显示,手术时间和术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。实验组患者术后3个月排空时间、每次饮食量分别为(60±22)min、(300±42)ml,显著高于对照组(P﹤0.05),而每天饮食次数为(4.3±1.2)次,显著低于对照组(P﹤0.05)。实验组患者术后并发症发生率为18.5%,显著低于对照组(P﹤0.05)。结论如全胃切除术后消化采用空肠P袢代胃术重建消化道,能有效提高患者术后生活质量,降低并发症发生率,但并未使手术过程复杂化。     

胃大部切除术和全胃切除术治疗进展期贲门癌123例临床分析

目的 探讨胃大部切除术和全胃切除术治疗进展期贲门癌的疗效.方法 对123例进展期贲门癌患者施行外科手术治疗的3、5年生存率以及术后并发症的发生率和病死率进行分析.其中胃大部切除术组(PG组)84例,全胃切除术组(TG组)39例.结果 PG组的3、5年生存率分别为43.6%和20.5%,TG组分别为36.8%和18.2%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(X2=3.82,P＞0.05;X2=3.85,P＞0.05).PG组术后并发症的发生率和病死率分别为11.9%和6.0%,TG组分别为12.8%和7.7%.两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 进展期贲门癌的外科治疗中全胃切除术与胃大部切除术对贲门癌的预后没有明显影响.     

胃大部分切除术后食管癌的手术治疗体会

目的：探讨胃大部切除术后胃管癌的手术治疗方式和效果。方法：对1986年1月－1999年6月间手术治疗196例食管癌中9例胃大部切除术后食管瘤的手术治疗进行分析。全组均采用左颈、右胸、上腹正中三切口路径、切除大部分食管，横结肠带部分降结肠代食管合并瓶胸腹三野淋巴结清扫术。结果：9例均为鳞瘤，其中1例为多原发瘤；5例有淋巴结转移，转移率55．6％，颈部、上中下纵隔、腹部淋巴结转移率分别为22．2％、55．6％和22．2％。并发症率33％，无吻合口瘘发生。全组均痊愈出院。1、3、5年生存率分别为89％、66．6％、22．2％。结论：要重视对胃大部切除术后食管瘤的食管切除长度和三野淋巴结清扫。右胸三切口路径、横结肠带部分降结肠代食管术为安全有效方法。     

P型空肠袢代胃术对胃癌患者胃切除后消化道重建术后生存质量的影响研究

目的探讨P型空肠袢代胃术应用于胃癌患者胃切除后消化道重建术的临床效果。方法选取我院2017年1月至2018年2月收治的76例胃癌患者,随机分为研究组和对照组各38例。对照组行Lahey+Braun吻合术,研究组采用P型空肠袢代胃术治疗,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、体质量增加、术后并发症发生率及术后生存质量评分。结果研究组的手术时间、术中出血量、体质量增加均明显优于对照组(P <0.05)。研究组的术后并发症发生率为2.63%,低于对照组的15.79%(P <0.05)。除家庭支持外,研究组的术后生存质量评分均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 P型空肠袢代胃术应用于胃癌患者胃切除后消化道重建术的效果显著,能够改善手术相关指标,降低术后并发症发生率,提高术后生存质量,改善患者预后,是一种理想的手术方式。     

"产业化"与"市场化"的错位

医疗改革之弊,也许在于过度的“市场化”而非产业化。如果不对这两个概念加以区别,将棒子打在“产业化”上,其结果有可能贻害相关领域的改革深化     

The use of "impotence" and "frigidity": why has "impotence" survived

The negative connotations and decreased utility of the terms "impotence" and "frigidity" prompted an investigation of their use in the literature. Psychological Abstracts were reviewed from 1940 to 1983 for titles containing these terms. It was found that both impotence and frigidity titles fluctuated at low levels from 1940 to 1969. Frigidity titles then increased slightly, but dropped to zero after 1979. Impotence titles, however, have continued to increase at a significant rate. Classic sexual behavior and therapy works are reviewed to explain this discrepancy since both terms are equally inappropriate.     

The "lessons" of the Australian "heroin shortage"

Heroin use causes considerable harm to individual users including dependence, fatal and nonfatal overdose, mental health problems, and blood borne virus transmission. It also adversely affects the community through drug dealing, property crime and reduced public amenity. During the mid to late 1990s in Australia the prevalence of heroin use increased as reflected in steeply rising overdose deaths. In January 2001, there were reports of an unpredicted and unprecedented reduction in heroin supply with an abrupt onset in all Australian jurisdictions. The shortage was most marked in New South Wales, the State with the largest heroin market, which saw increases in price, dramatic decreases in purity at the street level, and reductions in the ease with which injecting drug users reported being able to obtain the drug. The abrupt onset of the shortage and a subsequent dramatic reduction in overdose deaths prompted national debate about the causes of the shortage and later international debate about the policy significance of what has come to be called the "Australian heroin shortage". In this paper we summarise insights from four years' research into the causes, consequences and policy implications of the "heroin shortage".     

耐多药结核病患者"知""信""行"护理干预模式研究

目的评价耐多药结核病患者“知、信、行”护理干预模式的效果。方法将60例耐多药结核病患者随机分成研究组和对照组各30例,对照组采用规则抗结核治疗和常规护理,研究组实施“知、信、行”护理干预。结果研究组知识、信念、行为明显高于对照组;12个月痰菌阴转率为83．3％、患者病灶吸收率81．3％、空洞闭合率55．6％,明显高于对照组;二者与对照组比较差异有显著意义。结论采用“知、信、行”护理干预模式,能有效地提高耐多药结核病患者的治疗疗效,改善其生活质量。     

Diagnosing "dayans" and "demons"

The new ?Witch Craft Prevention Bill? prohibiting witch hunting was passed in Bihar, India, in reaction to the branding and subsequent killing of more than 500 helpless women as "dayans" (witches) in the past 7 years. Most of them were single, widows, or deserted women victimized by the pathological greed of some of the male members of their families or by some powerful persons in the village community interested in claiming their property. Even with the passage of the bill, though, most of these crimes will remain unpunished because the community is an accomplice in them, and they tend not to be reported. What is needed overall is socioeconomic and political development that will lead to the empowerment of women to ensure that there will be an end to the cruel and inhuman activities (such as witch hunting) instigated by traditional healers or "Ojhas".     

Cultural characteristics of "high" and "low" performing hospitals

PURPOSE: To compare and contrast the cultural characteristics of "high" and "low" performing hospitals in the UK National Health Service (NHS). DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A multiple case study design incorporating a purposeful sample of "low" and "high" performing acute hospital Trusts, as assessed by the star performance rating system. FINDINGS: These case studies suggest that "high" and "low" performing acute hospital organisations may be very different environments in which to work. Although each case possessed its own unique character, significant patternings were observed within cases grouped by performance to suggest considerable cultural divergence. The key points of divergence can be grouped under four main headings: leadership and management orientation; accountability and information systems; human resources policies; and relationships within the local health economy. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: As with any study, interpretation of findings should be tempered with a degree of caution because of methodological considerations. First, there are the limitations of case study which proceeds on the basis of theoretical rather than quantitative generalisation. Second, organisational culture was assessed by exploring the views of middle and senior managers. While one should in no way suggest that such an approach can capture all important cultural characteristics of organisations, it is believed that it may be at least partially justified, given the agenda-setting powers and influence of the senior management team. Finally "star" performance measures are far from a perfect measure of organisational performance. Despite such reservations, the findings indicate that organisational culture is associated in a variety of non-trivial ways with the measured performance of hospital organisations. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Highlights considerable cultural divergence within UK NHS hospitals.