腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后血清趋化因子配体5、循环肿瘤细胞CK20表达与肿瘤复发、转移的关系研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后血清趋化因子配体5(CXCL5)、循环肿瘤细胞CK20的表达与肿瘤复发、转移的关系。方法:选取2015年5月—2017年7月在河北中石油中心医院接受腹腔镜结直肠癌根治手术治疗的120例结直肠癌患者,术后1 d检测两组血清CXCL5、外周血循环肿瘤细胞CK20的水平,并对患者进行为期36个月的随访观察,其中发生局部复发或转移的患者84例(复发组)、未发生局部复发或转移的患者36例(对照组);比较两组患者的一般资料、病理学资料及术后1 d的CXCL5、循环肿瘤细胞CK20表达情况;采用Logistic多因素分析CXCL5、循环肿瘤细胞CK20与肿瘤复发的关系。结果:复发组和对照组的年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)、肿瘤位置差异无统计学意义(P0.05);复发组与对照组的肿瘤直径、病理学类型、肿瘤分化程度、是否伴有肠梗阻、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤淋巴血管侵犯比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);复发组的血清CXCL5水平、外周血循环肿瘤细胞CK20阳性检出率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Logistic多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤低分化、肠梗阻、TNM分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、发生淋巴结转移、发生肿瘤淋巴血管侵犯、血清CXCL5水平增高、外周血循环肿瘤细胞CK20阳性表达是结直肠癌患者腹腔镜根治手术后复发、转移的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:血清CXCL5水平增高、外周血循环肿瘤细胞CK20阳性表达可增大结直肠癌患者腹腔镜根治手术后复发、转移的风险。     

循环肿瘤细胞与前列腺癌

循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells,CTCs)是进入外周血循环的肿瘤细胞,是恶性肿瘤患者出现术后复发和远处转移的重要原因.对于前列腺癌患者而言,在外周血中检测到肿瘤细胞预示着有可能发生肿瘤微转移.CTCs的精确记数及分子标记对于肿瘤患者的预后判断、疗效评价以及个体化治疗均有重要的指导作用.     

Podoplanin在食管鳞状细胞癌患者中的表达及临床预后:回顾性队列研究

目的分析Podoplanin蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌(鳞癌)患者中的表达情况,探寻其与食管鳞癌患者脉管内出现瘤栓、淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化及预后之间的关系,为减少食管鳞癌患者肿瘤复发,延长无病生存时间及总生存时间提供临床证据。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2012年6月我院胸外科经胃镜确诊为食管鳞癌并接受手术治疗、完成随访70例患者的临床资料,其中男39例、女31例,平均年龄63.6岁。脉管瘤栓阳性35例,脉管瘤栓阴性35例。查看术后病理标本,并切取纳入该研究患者的正常食管组织(即距肿瘤边缘5 cm的食管组织)作为对照。结果 Podoplanin在正常食管组织中阳性表达率为34.2%,在肿瘤组织中阳性表达率为62.8%;在脉管瘤栓阳性和阴性的食管鳞癌患者中阳性表达率分别为77.1%、48.6%;在淋巴结转移阳性和阴性的食管鳞癌患者肿瘤细胞内阳性表达率分别为71.9%、23.1%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。肿瘤细胞内Podoplanin表达阴性的食管鳞癌患者平均无病生存期15.2个月,明显长于肿瘤细胞内Podoplanin表达阳性的食管鳞癌患者(P0.05)。结论临床上可将Podoplanin在肿瘤细胞、脉管内的阳性表达作为判断食管鳞癌患者预后的重要参考指标。     

胸段食管鳞癌患者的喉返神经旁淋巴结转移特点

目的探究胸段食管鳞癌患者的喉返神经旁淋巴结转移特点。 方法回顾性分析福建协和医院胸外科2012年1月至2015年12月间收治的行胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术的294例胸段食管鳞癌患者的喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫及转移情况,并分析喉返神经旁淋巴结转移特点。 结果294例行喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫的患者中,有88例患者有喉返神经旁淋巴结转移,转移率为29.93%;共清扫喉返神经旁淋巴结1 899枚,转移淋巴结145枚,转移度为7.64%。胸段食管鳞癌患者左、右喉返神经旁淋巴结转移与肿瘤浸润深度、分化程度、脉管瘤栓均有显著相关性(P<0.05),但与性别、年龄、肿瘤部位无显著相关性(P>0.05)。 结论胸段食管鳞癌患者易发生喉返神经旁淋巴结转移。对于肿瘤浸润程度大、分化程度差、有脉管瘤栓的胸段食管鳞癌患者,应重视左、右两侧喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫。     

膜滤过分离肿瘤细胞技术在泌尿系肿瘤患者临床治疗中的应用

目的 探讨膜滤过分离肿瘤细胞技术(ISET)检测泌尿系肿瘤患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)的临床效果,分析对泌尿系肿瘤患者应用ISET检测的意义.方法 选择2018年4月至2019年4月在本院治疗的98例肾癌患者为实验组,将同期选取的24例健康志愿者作为对照组进行研究.实验组进行术前采血,对照组行空腹采血,采用CTC-...     

人乳腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞与Sipal基因多态性的关系

目的 探讨Sipal基因rs931127和rs746429多态性与乳腺癌外周血循环肿瘤细胞的关系.方法 采用基因测序的方法,对124例原发性乳腺癌患者以及120例健康人进行Sipal基因rs931127和rs746429多态性分析.实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测其中92例患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞,比较Sipal基因rs931127和rs746429多态性与外周血循环肿瘤细胞之间的关系.采用Fisher精确检验及非条件Logisitic同归法计算各组P值及相对危险度比(OR)及95％可信区间(95％ CI).结果 Sipal基因rs931127和rs746429多态性与乳腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞无明显相关(P＞0.05).Sipal基因rs931127和rs746429多态性与乳腺癌患者的年龄、肿块大小、雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、C-erb-B2蛋白的表达以及乳腺癌分子分型均无明显相关(P＞0.05).但Sipal rs931127野生型GG淋巴转移率22.6％,低于杂合型GA 48.3％和突变型AA71.0％(P＜0.01),Sipal rs746429野生型CC的淋巴结转移率为31.4％,也低于杂合型CT 64.2％及突变型TT44.4％(P＜0.01).结论 Sipal基因rs931127多态性和rs746429多态性与乳腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞无明显相关,但与淋巴结转移有关.提示rs931127 GA或AA以及rs746429 CT或TT基因型可能与乳腺癌淋巴转移有关.     

乳腺癌抗雌激素药物耐药蛋白1在食管鳞癌血清和组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨乳腺癌抗雌激素药物耐药蛋白1( BCAR1)在食管鳞癌血清和组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测2010年2月至2011年1月间46例食管鳞癌患者和25例正常人血清BCAR1水平;应用组织芯片和免疫组织化学方法检测2004年2月至2006年7月间106例食管鳞癌和癌旁正常组织中BCAR1表达.结果 食管鳞癌组BCAR1血清水平显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);晚期食管鳞癌BCAR1血清水平显著高于早期食管鳞癌组和正常对照组(P＜0.01);切除肿瘤后,血清BCAR1水平有逐渐下降趋势.BCAR1蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中阳性率为97％( 103/106),癌旁正常食管组织中有16例弱阳性,阳性率为15％ (16/106),两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);BCAR1阳性表达与食管鳞癌的分化明显相关(P＜0.05),与年龄、性别、淋巴结转移、浸润深度和TNM分期明显无关(P＞0.05).生存分析提示BCAR1高表达组生存时间少于低表达组(P＜0.01);经COX模型多因素生存分析,显示BCAR1表达和淋巴结转移为独立预后因素.结论 食管鳞癌血清和组织中BCAR1水平显著高于正常对照组,并与疾病进展、治疗效果、分化程度和预后相关,可作为食管鳞癌诊断和判断预后重要新的肿瘤分子标记.     

食管鳞状细胞癌干细胞研究的现状及进展

摘要：越来越多的研究表明肿瘤细胞中存在肿瘤干细胞,它与肿瘤的起始、生长、转移及化疗抗性有密切关系。食管鳞癌细胞中也被发现具有干细胞特性的肿瘤细胞,这类细胞具有自我更新、分化潜能、裸鼠成瘤和化疗抗性,这类细胞将在肿瘤靶向治疗中发挥重要的作用。目前培养和分离食管鳞癌干细胞的方法主要有免疫荧光激活细胞分离法、免疫磁珠激活细胞分离法、悬浮培养法、侧群细胞分离法等。本文对当前食管鳞癌干细胞的研究方法、生物学特性及不足进行了综述,并认为食管鳞癌干细胞需要联合多个细胞标记进行研究。     

HIF—1α和COX-2在食管鳞癌发展过程中的表达变化及其意义

目的 探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)在食管鳞癌组织中的表达与肿瘤血管新生及其与肿瘤临床病理特征之间的关系.方法 应用免疫组化方法分别检测50例食管鳞癌组织、30例食管上皮内瘤变组织和35例正常食管上皮组织中HIF-1α、COX-2的表达和微血管密度(MVD)值,分析其间的相关性及其与肿瘤血管新生和肿瘤临床病理特征之间的关系.结果食管鳞癌组织中HIF-1α和COX-2的表达较异型增生组织和正常上皮组织显著增加,MVD值亦显著增高(P<0.01);且HIF-1α和COX-2的表达与病理分级及TNM分期呈正相关,HIF-1α和COX-2的表达与MVD值呈正相关.结论 HIF-1α在食管鳞癌组织中呈高表达,HIF-1α可能通过上调COX-2的表达,促进了食管鳞癌的微血管形成,对食管鳞癌的发生和发展起着重要作用.HIF-1α、COX-2和MVD的过度表达可能成为判断食管鳞癌生物学行为的重要指标.     

胃癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞上皮间质转化的研究进展

胃癌转移是导致胃癌相关死亡的首要原因，循环肿瘤细胞的形成是实现肿瘤血行转移的最初阶段，为最终形成肿瘤转移病灶提供了可能，循环肿瘤细胞检测对于癌症的早期诊断，疗效与预后的评估，个体化治疗的选择等方面具有重要的临床意义，上皮间质转化促进了肿瘤细胞转移的发生，通过综述胃癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞富集检测技术，分析胃癌患者原发灶、循环肿瘤细胞及转移灶发生上皮间质转化及间质上皮转化的上皮间质标志物的表达情况，探究胃癌转移可能的发生途径和模式。     

Hyperbaric Oxygen and N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in L-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

ABSTRACT

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the combined effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. Methods: Experiments were performed in 50 male Wistar rats, which were divided into five groups (N = 10 for each group). The first group received normal saline (0.9% NaCl) intraperitoneal and served as the control group. In the second group, acute pancreatitis was induced by 3.2-g/kg body weight L-arginine intraperitoneal twice at an interval of 1 hr, which has been shown previously to produce severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis. In the third group, NAC treatment (1000 mg/kg) was given after 1 hr of the induction of acute pancreatitis twice 24 hr apart. In the fourth group, animals received HBO, 6 hr after the induction of pancreatitis twice 12 hr apart. In the fifth group, animals received together NAC as in Group 3 and HBO treatment as in Group 4. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were left under normal atmospheric pressures. Twelve hours after last treatment, the animals were killed by exsanguinations. Blood samples were studied for amylase, calcium, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pancreatic histology, pancreatic tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels. Results: Acute pancreatitis is reduced by the treatment of NAC, HBO, NAC + HBO. HBO + NAC groups performed statistically the best in preventing L-arginine-induced acute necrotising pancreatitis. Conclusions: NAC especially combined with HBO, decreases oxidative stress parameters, serum amylase, calcium, and LDH levels, as well as histopathologic score.     

硝普钠阴茎海绵体内注射治疗阳萎的临床研究

本研究选择４２例阳萎患者，采用硝普钠进行阴茎海绵体注射（ＩＣＩ），并选择罂粟碱／酚妥拉明进行对照，结果表明，硝普钠ＩＣＩ后：（１）阴茎外形性状（长度、周径等）明显改变。（２）Ｖｉｒａｇ硬度计点表明硝普钠与罂粟碱／酚妥拉明效果之间无明显差别。（３）所有测试患者无一例出现低血压或局部不适等副反应，与罂粟碱／酚妥拉明相比各有优劣，但总体差异不大，这充分表明，硝普钠作为一种ＮＯ供体可导致阴茎平滑肌松弛，血窦充盈阴茎勃起，其副反应较小，有其临床应用之价值。     

糖皮质激素对肿瘤坏死因子引起的大鼠中性粒细胞粘附的影响

采用中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）与玻璃珠粘附和ＰＭＮ与血管内皮细胞（ＥＣ）粘附两种模型，以肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ），作为ＰＭＮ的刺激因子，研究糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）对ＴＮＦ引起的大鼠ＰＭＮ粘附的影响，同时给予糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）阻断剂ＲＵ３８４８６观察ＧＲ在粘附中的作用。结果发现，ＴＮＦ能明显增强大鼠ＰＭＮ的粘附（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｄｅｘ不能抑制经ＴＮＦ预处理的ＰＭＮ的粘附（Ｐ＞０．０５），但有一定的预防作用；经ＴＮＦ预处理再同时给予Ｄｅｘ和ＲＵ３８４８６的ＰＭＮ粘附同样明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Kelfiprim,a new sulpha-trimethoprim combination,versus cotrimoxazole,in the treatment of urinary tract infections: A multicentre,double-blind trial

Summary A new combination of trimethoprim with a sulphonamide, named Kelfiprim, differs from cotrimoxazole in that: a) the sulpha drug is sulphamethopyrazine instead of sulphamethoxazole; b) the trimethoprim to sulpha ratio is 5:4 instead of 1:5;c) the presence of a long-acting sulphonamide allows the administration of a daily dose of one capsule, following an initial loading dose of two capsules; d) a reduced amount of trimethoprim is given, as compared to cotrimoxazole, without any decrease of efficacy. Kelfiprim [KP] was compared to contrimoxazole [Co] in a multicentre double blind trial. Sixty four patients suffering from acute and chronic infections of the upper and lower urinary tract entered the study. Urine sterilisation and clinical improvement without relapses showed no differences from the two treatment groups. Tolerance was excellent except in two patients, one treated with KP and the other treated with Co, who showed a transient exanthema.     

Time-dependent hexaminolaevulinate induced protoporphyrin IX distribution after topical application in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A fluorescence microscopy study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Compared to the conventional management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) the potential advantage of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of cervical human papilloma virus (HPV)-related disease encompasses a minimal invasive procedure with reduced risk of profuse bleeding as a consequence of conization, and possibly more favorable long-term results avoiding cervical stenosis. At present little is known about the precise time-dependent distribution and histological localization of hexaminolaevulinate (HAL) induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence in healthy tissue and in CIN. The aim of this study was to use ex vivo fluorescence microscopy to determine whether PPIX is selectively induced by neoplastic cells of the cervical epithelium at various times after topical application. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cold cream containing 0.5% HAL was applied by means of cervical cap over various periods of time. We analyzed 52 healthy cervical mucosa and 84 CINs. RESULTS: At time delay 100 (+/-10) minutes, high epithelial fluorescence and a significant selectivity between epithelium and underlying lamina propria was found. By contrast, no significant difference between healthy and neoplastic tissues, or between low and high-grade epithelial dysplasia (P > or = 0.05), was observed at any time point. CONCLUSIONS: Application of HAL 0.5% cream to the cervix induced selective fluorescence in epithelial cells. The optimal ratio with a homogeneous PPIX distribution was obtained after 100 ( +/- 10) minutes cream application, which should be evaluated further for PDT.     

An updated review on the principles of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and the anaesthetic considerations

It is known that any surgery to the nervous system poses risks to neural structures and their surrounding structures. These mechanisms of injury are the result of mechanical manipulations, haemodynamic alterations, chemical or thermal injuries. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), using various modalities, is employed to facilitate the assessment of the functional integrity of neural structures, and it is used to provide a real-time alerting system when changes caused by surgically induced insults are detected. The primary goal of IONM is reducing the risk of postoperative neurological deficits during these surgical procedures. It is used to provide information that allows the surgeon to correct any surgical interventions that may have compromised these systems and this also in turn provides guidance on what neurological deficits to anticipate postoperatively. Apart from being utilized as an alerting system to avoid catastrophic outcomes, IONM also assists as a guidance system using stimulation techniques to map out eloquent areas within the cortex, allowing identification of specific neuronal structures, particularly when landmarks cannot be easily recognized due to infiltration by pathological lesions.In this article, we focus on updating our previous paper published in 2019 and again, to provide attention to the various neurophysiological modalities that are employed in IONM. We will look at the basic underlying physiological principles and their individual indications for use clinically. We will explain the information that each modality provides. Importantly, and the primary reason for this article, we look at the various anaesthetic agents, their effects on each neurophysiological modality and other anaesthetic considerations such as haemodynamic and temperature effects. We will also recommend the use of an alert checklist for the multidisciplinary team should an intraoperative alert be issued during surgical procedures.