不同循环方式对老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植术预后的影响

目的 比较老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者接受不同循环方式下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后围手术期的心肌损伤程度,分析其对预后的影响.方法 2008年7月至2009年6月,我院收治的125例老年冠心病患者分别在非体外循环(A组,70例)、心肺转流(CPB)不停跳(B组,33例)、CPB停跳(C组,22例)下行CABG.分别于术前,术后0、24、72和168 h取静脉血标本,分别测定心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶-MB(CK-MB)的水平,另外记录并发症及病死率.结果 三组术前、术后168 h的cTnI和CK-MB差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后0、24、72 h的cTnI和CK-MB值A组低于B、C组(P<0.05).术后0、24、72 h的cTnI和CK-MB值B组低于C组(P<0.05).A组并发症发生率低于B、C组(P<0.05),A组病死率低于B组(P<0.05),但与C组的差异无统计学意义.B组与C组的并发症发生率和病死率差异无统计学意义.结论 对于老年冠心病患者,非体外循环CABG造成的心肌损伤小于CPB不停跳和CPB停跳.非体外循环CABG能够减少老年冠心病患者围手术期并发症的发生.     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的现状

介绍非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的现状,结合当前的研究现状对该术式的历史、适应证、手术方法、术式评估、基础研究、临床观察、术后随访等方面进行综述。该术式的发展成熟得益于各种手术器械的创制以及心外科医生、麻醉医师丰富的临床经验。若严格掌握适应证,该手术可安全施行。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床应用

目的　总结 36例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者在非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)的临床经验。　方法　采用胸骨正中切口 ,应用心脏表面固定器、头低脚高位、心包深部放置牵引线、冠状动脉内置入分流器和吹雾器行 OPCAB。　结果　所有患者均使用左乳内动脉 (L IMA) ,移植血管 1～ 4根 ,平均 2 .6根 ;平均手术时间 16 1分钟 ;术中平均失血 32 0 ml。 1例在术中改为常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术。术后 2 4小时平均引流量 380ml,平均输血或血液制品 32 0 ml。4例患者手术后在手术室内拔除气管内插管 ,ICU平均机械辅助通气时间 4.2小时 ;ICU平均监护时间 12 .6小时 ,术后平均住院时间 12 .5天。 1例术后 14天死于严重的肺部感染。术后随访 1～ 7个月 ,所有存活患者心绞痛症状消失。　结论　OPCAB创伤小、安全、经济、临床效果好 ,适用于单支、多支冠状动脉病变和具有高危因素的患者。     

非体外循环和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在二次冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的研究对比在二次冠状动脉旁路移植术(re-CABG)患者中分别采用非体外循环和体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump CABG和on-pump CABG)的临床早期结果,探讨通过合理手术方式的选择,提高re-CABG的手术疗效。方法自2000年4月到2006年6月,21例首次CABG后因心绞痛复发患者在阜外心血管病医院接受了re-CABG手术,其中10例行off-pump CABG(off-pump组),11例行on-pump CABG(on-pump组)。两组患者术前性别、年龄、体重、心肺功能、心绞痛程度、左心室舒张期末内径、射血分数、合并高血压、糖尿病等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果 On-pump组中患者术后死亡1例,冠状动脉远端吻合口数多于off-pump组(P<0.05);off-pump组无手术死亡,在手术时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间、胸腔引流液量、输血量和手术后住院时间等方面,均明显少于on-pump组(P<0.05)。结论 Off-pump CABG和on-pump CABG技术在re-CABG中都可以取得满意疗效,off-pump CABG下施行re-CABG安全可靠。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的:总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的临床经验。方法:自2001年3月～2002年10月我院共完成OPCAB9例,在进行旁路移植吻合时,冠状动脉的暴露和制动借助于特制胸骨牵开器和配套的冠状动脉固定器。结果:无手术死亡,无围手术期心肌梗死等严重并发症发生,短期随访临床效果满意。结果:OPCAB安全可行,可减少输血,减轻手术创伤与并发症,近期疗效满意。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在高危冠心病中的应用

目的 探讨用非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的方法，以避免体外循环对冠心病高危因素患者产生的不良影响。方法 对100例冠心病患者行OPCAB，其中69例伴有冠心外科手术的高危因素。血管病变主要涉及左、右冠状动脉各分支。结果 手术死亡1例(1.4％)，手术转换2例(2．9％)，移植血管失功1例(1.4％)，术后非致命性心肌梗死4例(5．8％)，肾功能衰竭1例(1．4％)，胸骨感染1例(1．4％)，24小时内拔除气管内插管68例(98.6％)，接受输血17例(25．O％)。术后随访56例，随访时间1—13个月，死亡2例，心绞痛复发4例，充血性心力衰竭2例。术后无脑血管意外、再次手术止血、室性心律失常、下胶切口感染和呼吸衰竭等并发症发生。随访病例中14例做冠状动脉血管造影术，仅1例移植血管狭窄大于50％。所有乳内动脉血管桥均通畅。结论 对某些具有冠心外科手术高危因素的患者，采用OPCAB可降低并发症发生率和手术死亡率。然而，这种技术较适用于冠状动脉解剖条件较好的病例。远期结果需要长期随访进一步加以证实。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 总结110例非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉旁路移植术经验，探讨其手术适应证、优缺点及手术方法。方法 常温、全身麻醉，胸正中切口，非体外循环心脏跳动下，应用特殊心表固定器行冠状动脉旁路移植术，平均搭桥3．9支，血管桥为乳内动脉、大隐静脉及桡动脉。结果 全组无手术死亡，术后心绞痛症状消失。手术时间平均为210min，术后气管插管时间平均为4．8h。术后住院时间平均为10d，住院费用平均为4．4万元。其中3例术中出现不可逆血压过低、室颤而转为体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术。结论 非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉旁路移植术是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。特别适合于老年及心功能差的患者，可减少体外循环并发症，缩短术后住院时间，降低住院费用，但不能完全替代体外循环旁路移植术。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术术后处理

目的　总结47例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)术后处理的临床经验，并对其进行初步探讨。方法　1999年6月～2000年6月我院共完成OPCAB47例，其中单支血管病变3例，双支病变5例，三支病变39例。采用乳内动脉、桡动脉和／或大隐静脉共移植血管150支，平均每例3.2支。　结果　平均术后辅助呼吸时间6±2.5小时、平均ICU监护治疗时间36小时，31例患者未输血，术后早期发生心律失常15例，出血、二次手术3例，二次气管内插管2例，术后1个月切口感染2例，胸骨骨不连1例，无住院死亡病例。术后平均住院14天。　结论　OPCAB术后早期应适时尽早拔出气管内插管，调整血容量，水、电解质平衡及术前所用药物，预防和及时处理心律失常等并发症。     

体外与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗高危冠心病患者的对比分析

目的对比分析体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）治疗高危冠心病患者的手术效果，并总结其临床经验。方法将欧洲心脏手术风险评估系统（EuroSCORE）≥6分的210例高危冠心病患者，根据采用的术式不同分为两组，CABG组：90例，在体外循环下行CABG；OPCAB组：120例，行OPCAB。比较两组患者的手术死亡率、二次开胸止血、肾功能损害、再血管化指数、移植血管血流量、呼吸机支持时间、胸腔引流量和输血量等。结果两组各死亡1例，分别死于恶性室性心律失常和严重低心排血量综合征，两组在死亡率、冠状动脉内膜剥脱率、心房颤动发生率、脑梗死发生率、二次开胸止血、再血管化指数、移植血管血流量等方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；而OPCAB组患者的肾功能损害（Cr〉100μmol／L）、呼吸机支持时间、胸腔引流量和输血量均少于或低于CABG组（P〈0．05）。结论OPCAB适用于高危冠心病患者，而且在缩短呼吸机支持时间、减少胸腔引流量、输血量和减轻肾功能损害等方面具有一定的优势。     

非体外循环与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植血管中远期通畅率比较

目的 比较非体外循环不停跳与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术后中远期移植血管的通畅率.方法 对同一术者行冠状动脉旁路移植手术后5年以上病例50例.按手术方式分为两组.第1组采用传统体外循环下进行冠状动脉旁路移植(体外循环组,25例);第2组采用非体外循环不停跳技术进行冠状动脉旁路移植(非体外循环组,25例).对所有病例进行冠状动脉造影随访,比较两组移植血管的通畅情况.结果 两组均男21例,女4例.第1组手术年龄(55.4±8.9)岁;随访70～110个月,平均(86.52±12.48)个月;移植血管共83支,其中动脉移植血管41支,静脉移植血管42支,平均移植血管(3.32±0.63)支/例;随访移植血管通畅61支,狭窄6支,闭塞16支,动脉移植物通畅率为78.05%,静脉通畅率69.05%,总通畅率73.49%.第2组手术年龄(58.2±9.09)岁;移植血管共65支,其中动脉移植血管31支,静脉移植血管34支,平均移植血管(2.52±0.71)支/例,随访64～99个月,平均(82.68±12.48)个月;随访移植血管通畅47支,狭窄4支,闭塞14支,动脉移植物通畅率为74.19%,静脉通畅率70.59%,总通畅率72.31%.结论 非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术移植血管中远期通畅率与传统体外循环手术一致,均可达到较好的中远期疗效.

Abstract：

Objective Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is used more widely in recent years in China. However, there is an argument on benefits and risks of off-pump surgery. Many studies shown that OPCAB had more benefits in short-term outcomes than conventional coronary artery bypass grafting(CCABG). But evidences from other studies suggested that OPCAB resulted in less long-term graft patency as compared with on-pump surgery. This study examined the longterm graft patency of OPCAB and CCABG performed by one surgeon. Methods 50 patients who had received surgical revascularization by a surgeon for more than 5 years were reviewed, 25 patients received conventional coronary artery bypass grafting ( group 1 ) and 25 patients received OPCAB ( group 2). All patients had angiograms for compareing the graft patency between the two groups. Results Among 25 patients in group 1,21 were male and 4 were female. The mean age of patients at surgery was (55.4 ±8.9) years. 15 cases had unstable angina, 16 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes.The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.58 ±0.14. The mean number of bypasses per patient was 3.32 ±0.63. Mean duration of operation was (3.58 ± 0. 82) hours. Mean follow-up duration was ( 86.52 ± 12.48) months. 83 grafts were evaluated for patency ( open vs. closed) and were graded by Fitzgibbon as grade A ( excellent graft), B ( impaired graft, with a stenosis of ≥50%, or a diameter less than 50% of the grafted artery), or O ( completely occluded). The graft patency was 73.49%, 61grafts were graded as Fitzgibbon A, 6 grafts as Fitzgibbon B and 16 grafts as Fitzgibbon 0. 25 patients were in group 2, 21males and 4 females. The mean age of patients at procedure was (58.2 ± 9.09) years, 11 patients had unstable angina, 13 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes. The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.59 ± 0. 14. Conclusion No 2011.03.013 difference in long-term graft patency was identified between on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Off-pump oronary artery bypass grafting preformed by an experienced surgeon may gain similar long-term graft patency to that of conventional bypass.     

A comparison of early clinical outcomes of off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in elderly patients

Background: The reply of question of “which coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) technique is superior in elderly patients, off-pump or on-pump CABG surgery?” is controversial. We aimed to compare the early clinical outcomes in elderly patients undergoing off-pump and on-pump CABG.

Methods: From January 2009 to January 2015, 344 elderly patients (aged 70 or older) underwent off-pump (n?=?137) or on-pump (n?=?207) CABG. Patients’ medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and their baseline preoperative characteristics, operative data and postoperative outcomes were analyzed, thereby a comparison of early outcomes between off-pump and on-pump patients was performed.

Results: Mean age of patients was 74.4?±?3.8 years. Both groups were statistically similar in terms of baseline preoperative characteristics. Number of distal bypass was significantly lower in off-pump group than in on-pump group. Postoperative length of intensive care unit and hospital stay were similar between two groups. Amounts of transfused blood products were significantly lower in off-pump CABG group. There were no significant differences in terms of postoperative complications and mortality between two groups.

Conclusions: Our results did not reveal a significant benefit of either surgical technique with respect to early-term clinical outcomes in elderly CABG patients. Further investigations are needed to determine whether off-pump CABG is superior than on-pump CABG in elderly patients.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者术中血糖波动水平与短期预后的关系

目的 评价非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者术中血糖波动水平与短期预后的关系.方法 择期行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者214例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,NYHA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,稳定性心绞痛分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,左室射血分数≥30%.于麻醉诱导后10 min时至关胸骨后10min时,每隔1 h取动脉血样1 ml,测定血糖,计算术中血糖波动水平,即术中血糖最高值与最低值之差.记录预后各指标的发生情况,包括监护室内滞留(在监护室内停留时间≥24 h)、机械通气时间延长(机械通气时间≥12 h)、术后并发症(包括新发的心功能不全、心律失常、心肌梗死、呼吸功能不全、脑卒中、感染、胸腔积液、外科出血,发生其中一项即为发生了并发症)和术后住院时间延长(术后住院时间≥7 d).以术中血糖波动水平400 mg/L作为分界点,将患者分为2组:<400 mg/L组(L组)和≥400 mg/L组(H组).绘制术中血糖波动水平与预后各指标发生率之间的受试者工作特征曲线,计算曲线下面积及其95%可信区间,以此评估术中血糖波动水平预测患者的短期预后的准确性.结果 术中血糖水平波动预测监护室内滞留时间、机械通气时间延长、术后并发症和术后住院时间延长的受试者工作特征曲线下面积及其95%可信区间分别为0.804(0.739～0.869)、0.604(0.415～0.793)、0.801(0.720～0.882)、0.615(0.523～0.707).与L组比较,H组监护室内滞留时间延长,术后并发症和术后住院时间延长的发生率升高(P<0.01),机械通气时间延长发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 术中血糖波动水平可较好地预测非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的短期预后;血糖波动水平≥400 mg/L的患者预后较差.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of intraoperative fluctuation in blood glucose concentration (BGCF) on short-term clinical outcomes in patients after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) .Methods Two hundred and fourteen ASA Ⅰ -Ⅲ patients ( NYHA grade Ⅰ -Ⅲ ) of both sexes aged 18-64 yr with body mass index 23-29 kg/m2 underwent elective off-pump CABG. Their left ventricular ejection fraction was ≥30% .Blood samples were obtained once an hour for determination of blood glucose concentration (BGC) between 10 min after induction of anesthesia and 10 min after closure of sternum. The maximum and minimum BGCs were record-ed . Intraoperative BGCF was defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum BGCs. Other factors which may influence clinical outcome were also recorded, including prolonged ICU stay ( ≥24 h), prolonged me-chanical ventilation ( ≥12 h) , postoperative complications (cardiac insufficiency secondary to operation, arrhyth-mia, myocardial infarction, respiratory insufficiency, stroke, infection, pleural effusion and surgical bleeding) and prolonged postoperative hospital stay ( ≥ 7 d) . The patients were divided into 2 groups using intraoperative BGCF 400 mg/L as cutoff point: group L < 400 mg/L and group H ≥400 mg/L. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was used to evaluate if intraoperative BGCF was a good index of postoperative outcomes. Results The area under the ROC curve of intraoperative BGC against prolonged ICU stay was 0. 804 (0.739-0. 869), against prolonged mechanical ventilation 0. 604 ( 0.415-0.793 ), against postoperative complications 0.801 ( 0.720-0. 882 )and against postoperative hospital stay 0.615 (0.523-0.707). The duration of ICU stay was significantly longer and the incidences of complications and prolonged postoperative hospital stay were higher in group H than in group L (P < 0.01). Conclusion Intraoperative BGCF is closely related to postoperative outcomes in patients after offpump CABG. The patients with the BGC≥400 mg/L has a poor prognosis.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中血液回输对围手术期血浆细胞因子、心肌损伤及肺功能的影响

目的 研究非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)术中血液回输与术后血浆细胞因子水平的关系及对心肌损害、肺功能的影响.方法 将患者分为三组:非体外循环CABG术中回输血量≥600ml为OPCABG 1组(16例),<600ml为OPCABG 2组(15例);心肺转流下CABG作为对照组(13例).分别于术前,术后1、4、24和72 h取静脉血,采用液相芯片法检测细胞因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-10和TNF-α,并记录CK-MB、TnI、AaDO2、PaO2/FiO2的变化.结果 三组患者的一般情况、既往史、射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径(LVED)、冠状动脉旁路数量、术中出血量均无差异.术中回输血量OPCABG1组(800.0±246.3)ml,OPCABG2组(276.0±136.9)ml.三组患者IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平均于术后1 h达到峰值,并于术后72 h恢复到术前水平.术后1 h,CABG组和OPCABG1组IL-6、IL-8的水平均高于OPCABG2组(P<0.05).CABG 组术后4 h的CK-MB、TnI水平及术后24小时TnI水平均高于OPCABG1组和OPCABG2组(P<0.05).三组间同一时间点AaDO2、PaO2/FiO2差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论 OPCABG中的大量血液回输会提高血浆细胞因子IL-6、IL-8的水平,但尚不足以引起显著的心肌损害和影响肺换气功能.     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的近期疗效评价

目的　分析非体外循环 (OPCAB)与常规体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术 (cCABG)后监护特点和近期疗效。　方法　比较OPCAB组 (6 0例 )和cCABG组 (6 2例 )术后引流量和输血量、血管活性药物的使用、一般监护治疗和恢复情况及近期临床疗效。　结果　OPCAB组术后引流量小于 4 0 0ml的例数明显多于cCABG组 (χ2 =7.316 ,P <0 .0 1) ,而大于 80 0ml的例数明显少于cCABG组 (χ2 =13.2 16 ,P <0 0 0 1)。OPCAB组术后未输血例数明显多于cCABG组 (χ2 =37.793,P <0 0 0 1)。OPCAB组使用硝普钠的例数较cCABG组多 (χ2 =12 .0 0 6 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,而使用多巴胺的例数明显少于cCABG组 (χ2 =32 .198,P<0 .0 0 1) ,且未使用多巴酚丁胺。OPCAB组术后辅助通气 (5 .9± 3.3)h ,心电监测 (4.8± 1.7)d ,术后(18 1± 4 .1)h坐起 ,(15 .2± 5 .0 )h开始进食 ,平均 (2 .3± 0 .9)d拔除引流管 ,均明显短于cCABG组 (t =14 .0 2 5 ,5 .4 71,5 .791,8.95 3,5 .80 0 ,P <0 .0 1)。OPCAB组死亡 1例 ,围术期心肌梗死 1例 ,心律失常 4例 ,使用IABP 1例 ,较cCABG组少 ,但差别均无显著性 (χ2 =1.776 ,1.776 ,1.937,1.77,P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　OPCAB术后循环稳定 ,创伤小 ,恢复快 ,体现出微创手术的优越性     

体外循环与非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术患者术中血液动力学的比较

目的比较体外循环(CPB)与非CPB下冠脉搭桥术患者术中血液动力学的变化。方法同期行CPB下冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)与非CPB下冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCAB)患者各70例,分别为CABG组和OPCAB组,分别在麻醉诱导后手术开始前(术前)和术毕用Swan-Ganz导管监测血液动力学指标。结果与术前比较,两组术毕心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、肺动脉平均压(PAMP)、肺毛细血管嵌压(PAWP)、中心静脉压(CVP)及左室作功指数(LVSWI)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)均升高;OPCAB组术毕心搏指数(SVI)升高,体循环阻力指数(SVRI)、肺循环阻力指数(PVRI)降低(P<0.05),CABG组术毕SVI、SVRI、PVRI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与CABG组比较,OPCAB组术毕SVRI、PVRI降低(P<0.05)。结论两组患者术后心功能均得到了改善,OPCAB 组在改善心功能、降低体、肺循环阻力方面,优于CABG组。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者术中血糖波动水平与短期预后的关系

Objective To investigate the effect of intraoperative fluctuation in blood glucose concentration (BGCF) on short-term clinical outcomes in patients after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) .Methods Two hundred and fourteen ASA Ⅰ -Ⅲ patients ( NYHA grade Ⅰ -Ⅲ ) of both sexes aged 18-64 yr with body mass index 23-29 kg/m2 underwent elective off-pump CABG. Their left ventricular ejection fraction was ≥30% .Blood samples were obtained once an hour for determination of blood glucose concentration (BGC) between 10 min after induction of anesthesia and 10 min after closure of sternum. The maximum and minimum BGCs were record-ed . Intraoperative BGCF was defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum BGCs. Other factors which may influence clinical outcome were also recorded, including prolonged ICU stay ( ≥24 h), prolonged me-chanical ventilation ( ≥12 h) , postoperative complications (cardiac insufficiency secondary to operation, arrhyth-mia, myocardial infarction, respiratory insufficiency, stroke, infection, pleural effusion and surgical bleeding) and prolonged postoperative hospital stay ( ≥ 7 d) . The patients were divided into 2 groups using intraoperative BGCF 400 mg/L as cutoff point: group L < 400 mg/L and group H ≥400 mg/L. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was used to evaluate if intraoperative BGCF was a good index of postoperative outcomes. Results The area under the ROC curve of intraoperative BGC against prolonged ICU stay was 0. 804 (0.739-0. 869), against prolonged mechanical ventilation 0. 604 ( 0.415-0.793 ), against postoperative complications 0.801 ( 0.720-0. 882 )and against postoperative hospital stay 0.615 (0.523-0.707). The duration of ICU stay was significantly longer and the incidences of complications and prolonged postoperative hospital stay were higher in group H than in group L (P < 0.01). Conclusion Intraoperative BGCF is closely related to postoperative outcomes in patients after offpump CABG. The patients with the BGC≥400 mg/L has a poor prognosis.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者术中血糖波动水平与短期预后的关系

Objective To investigate the effect of intraoperative fluctuation in blood glucose concentration (BGCF) on short-term clinical outcomes in patients after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) .Methods Two hundred and fourteen ASA Ⅰ -Ⅲ patients ( NYHA grade Ⅰ -Ⅲ ) of both sexes aged 18-64 yr with body mass index 23-29 kg/m2 underwent elective off-pump CABG. Their left ventricular ejection fraction was ≥30% .Blood samples were obtained once an hour for determination of blood glucose concentration (BGC) between 10 min after induction of anesthesia and 10 min after closure of sternum. The maximum and minimum BGCs were record-ed . Intraoperative BGCF was defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum BGCs. Other factors which may influence clinical outcome were also recorded, including prolonged ICU stay ( ≥24 h), prolonged me-chanical ventilation ( ≥12 h) , postoperative complications (cardiac insufficiency secondary to operation, arrhyth-mia, myocardial infarction, respiratory insufficiency, stroke, infection, pleural effusion and surgical bleeding) and prolonged postoperative hospital stay ( ≥ 7 d) . The patients were divided into 2 groups using intraoperative BGCF 400 mg/L as cutoff point: group L < 400 mg/L and group H ≥400 mg/L. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was used to evaluate if intraoperative BGCF was a good index of postoperative outcomes. Results The area under the ROC curve of intraoperative BGC against prolonged ICU stay was 0. 804 (0.739-0. 869), against prolonged mechanical ventilation 0. 604 ( 0.415-0.793 ), against postoperative complications 0.801 ( 0.720-0. 882 )and against postoperative hospital stay 0.615 (0.523-0.707). The duration of ICU stay was significantly longer and the incidences of complications and prolonged postoperative hospital stay were higher in group H than in group L (P < 0.01). Conclusion Intraoperative BGCF is closely related to postoperative outcomes in patients after offpump CABG. The patients with the BGC≥400 mg/L has a poor prognosis.     

Does multi-vessel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting reduce post operative morbidity compared to on-pump CABG?

Background Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may contribute to the complications and it is assumed that eliminating cardiopulmonary bypass has the potential of reducing post operative morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The study was carried out to compare mortality and morbidity in the off-pump and on-pump CABG groups. Methods We prospectively analysed 200 patients undergoing CABG. Group A consists of 100 patients underwent multi-vessel off-pump CABG and group B consists of 100 patients underwent CABG with CPB. The incidence of complications (mortality, re-exploration for bleeding, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, neurological events, new onset renal failure (s. creatinine>1.6 mg/dL) pulmonary complications, length of ICU stay and hospital stay were recorded, analysed and compared. Results OPCAB patients received 2.73±0.61 grafts/patient and on-pump CABG patients received 3.39±0.75 grafts/patient (p value<0.00001). There was no significant statistical difference in mortality, incidence of stroke between OPCAB and CABG with CPB patients. Length of ICU stay was 32.84±4.22 vs 44.85±7.18 hrs (p value<0.00001) and hospital stay was 6.52±0.69 vs 7.94±0.92 days (p value<0.00001) between group A and group B respectively. Incidence of atrial fibrillation was less in OPCAB group 7% vs 12% although it was statistically not significant (p value 0.33). It was observed in our study that there was no significant deference in worsening of existing renal failure between on-pump CABG and OPCAB 6% vs 2% (P value 0.28). Blood utilization was significantly less in OPCAB group (p value<0.001). Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference in terms of mortality, incidence of stroke and new onset renal failure in both groups. But there was lesser incidence of post operative atrial fibrillation, worsening of existing renal failure in off-pump group though statistically not significant. There was significant reduction in blood utilization, length of ICU and hospital stay in OPCAB group.