超声引导下经支气管针吸活检术在肺癌诊断中的应用

目的评价超声引导下经支气管针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)在肺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017-11—2018-10间75例拟诊肺癌并接受EBUS-TBNA的患者的临床资料。EBUS-TBNA未能明确诊断者,根据患者情况行外科手术或随诊6个月。结果影像学怀疑肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大(短径≥1cm)59例,经EBUS-TBNA确诊肺癌51例。8例未能明确诊断,经胸腔镜或开胸手术确诊肺癌2例、肺部炎性病变4例、结核及结节病各1例。大气道旁肺实质内占位16例。经EBUS-TBNA确诊肺癌13例,肺部炎症1例及结核1例,经内科保守治疗并随诊6个月,病变部位明显吸收;左肺下叶气管旁肺占位1例,经胸腔镜手术证实为鳞癌。EBUS-TBNA在本组肺癌诊断中敏感度为95.5%(64/67),特异度为100%(8/8),阳性预测值为100%(64/64),阴性预测值为72.7%(8/11),准确度为96%(72/75)。所有患者检查耐受良好,无任何相关并发症发生。结论对于肺癌的诊断,EBUS-TBNA是一种安全有效的检查技术。     

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术在胸部疾病中的临床应用价值

目的介绍支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needleaspiration,EBUS-TBNA)用于肺癌分期及胸部疾病诊断的新方法,探讨EBUS-TBNA在胸部疾病中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2009年9月至2010年5月106例患者经EBUS-TBNA检查的临床资料,其中男75例,女31例;平均年龄62.3岁。根据适应证的不同,将106例患者分为3种情况行EBUS-TBNA,以进一步明确诊断:(1)已明确诊断或怀疑肺癌(76例),胸部CT示:纵隔淋巴结肿大(≥1.0 cm);(2)不明原因的纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大以及纵隔肿物(22例);(3)大气道旁肺实质内占位(8例)。结果 (1)已明确诊断或怀疑肺癌76例,经EBUS-TBNA检查证实纵隔淋巴结转移58例,未见纵隔淋巴结转移18例。EBUS-TBNA检查阴性者中16例接受胸腔镜或开胸手术,行肺叶切除或肺楔形切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫,术后病理证实12例肺癌纵隔淋巴结未见转移,2例肺癌纵隔淋巴结可见癌转移(EBUS-TBNA检查假阴性),其余2例为肺内良性病变;EBUS-TBNA在肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期中的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为96.66%(58/60),100.00%(12/12)和97.22%(70/72)。(2)不明原因的纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大以及纵隔肿物22例,经EBUS-TBNA检查后明确恶性病变7例,良性病变13例;EBUS-TBNA在纵隔病变良恶性诊断和鉴别诊断方面的敏感性为87.50%(7/8)。(3)大气道旁肺实质内占位8例,经EBUS-TBNA检查后7例明确诊断,其中6例肺癌;EBUS-TBNA在大气道旁肺实质内占位中诊断的敏感性和准确率分别为85.71%(6/7)和87.50%(7/8)。所有患者检查耐受良好,无任何相关并发症发生。结论 EBUS-TBNA是一种安全有效的诊断技术,应成为胸部疾病诊断和分期的常用方法。     

上腔静脉综合征诊断中支气管内超声引导针吸活检术的应用

目的 探讨支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)在诊断上腔静脉阻塞综合征(SVCS)中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析520例中20例SVCS EBUS-TBNA术患者的临床资料,男14例,女6例;年龄35 ～ 77岁,平均(59.1 ±14.6)岁.上腔静脉周围病变短径1.69～9.50cm,平均(3.32±1.79) cm,其中6例隆凸下淋巴结肿大,短径1.73 ～3.01 cm,平均(2.14±0.49) cm.结果 每例穿刺3～5次,平均(4.35±0.75)次.术后病理证实小细胞癌10例,腺癌4例,鳞癌1例,霍奇金淋巴瘤1例.4例穿刺病理未发现恶性证据,其中1例穿刺获取组织量少,2例术前CT显示纵隔占位内有明显钙化考虑良性可能性较大,此3例获取标本抗酸染色及结核分枝杆菌荧光扩增试验阴性,考虑为纵隔炎性病变;另1例因纵隔肿物巨大高度怀疑恶性肿瘤,故而进一步行胸腔镜胸腔活检术,术后病理证实为B细胞源性非霍奇金淋巴瘤.本组EBUS-TBNA对于SVCS病因的诊断率为90.0％ (18/20).结论 EBUS-TBNA是诊断SVCS病因的一种安全有效的方法.     

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术（EBUS-TBNA）临床应用的初步体会

目的探讨支气管内超声引导针吸活检术（endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA）在明确纵隔和肺门肿大淋巴结定性诊断中的应用价值。方法2009年9~11月,对25例胸部CT检查提示纵隔和（或）肺门淋巴结肿大（短径〉1 cm）进行EBUS-TBNA检查,阴性者进一步接受纵隔镜检查或胸腔镜、开胸手术加以确证。结果本组25例共穿刺32组淋巴结。EBUS-TBNA明确淋巴结恶性转移者15例;EBUS-TBNA阴性者10例,其中1例开胸术后证实隆突下淋巴结转移。EBUS-TBNA在纵隔和肺门肿大淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断中的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为94%（15/16）,100%（9/9）和96%（24/25）。所有患者检查耐受良好,无任何相关并发症发生。结论EBUS-TBNA是评价纵隔及肺门淋巴结安全有效的方法。     

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术在非小细胞肺癌术前分期中的临床应用

目的探讨支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)在非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期中的应用价值。 方法2010年9月至2012年9月,北京大学人民医院利用EBUS-TBNA对术前确诊或CT扫描高度怀疑非小细胞肺癌且伴有纵隔淋巴结肿大(N₂站淋巴结短径≥1.0cm,或N₁站淋巴结短径≥1.0cm且N₂多站短径≥0.5cm者),有手术切除可能,术前无放、化疗史的126例患者进行纵隔淋巴结分期。最终入组82例非小细胞肺癌患者。 结果该组82例患者,经EBUS-TBNA检查证实纵隔淋巴结转移(阳性)者54例,未见纵隔淋巴结转移(阴性)者28例。EBUS-TBNA在该组肺癌术前纵隔淋巴结分期中的敏感度、特异度和准确性分别为94.7%(54/57)、100.0%(25/25)和96.3%(79/82),阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为100.0%(54/54)和89.3%(25/28)。而CT对于本组患者纵隔淋巴结分期中的敏感度、特异度和准确性分别为98.2%(55/56)、38.5%(10/26)和79.3%(65/82),阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为77.5%(55/71)和90.9%(10/11)。CT在术前纵隔淋巴结分期中的假阳性率为22.5%(16/71)。全组中,16例(19.5%)肺癌患者因EBUS-TBNA病理结果改变了治疗策略。 结论EBUS-TBNA用于非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期的敏感性、特异性和准确性较高。EBUS-TBNA可以作为非小细胞肺癌术前分期、指导治疗策略的检查手段。     

超声引导下经支气管针吸活检术诊断肺癌术后局部复发的临床价值

目的研究超声引导下经支气管针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)在肺癌术后患者中诊断肺癌局部复发的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2007-01—2019-03间接受手术治疗的83例肺癌患者的临床资料。结果 83例患者EBUS-TBNA诊断肺癌术后局部复发的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和总体准确性分别为100%(50/50)、84.85%(28/33)、90.91%(50/55)、100%(28/28)、93.98%(78/83)。结论 EBUS-TBNA诊断肺癌术后局部复发,具有高准确性。     

超声内镜引导下针吸活检诊断肺癌及纵隔淋巴结转移

目的：探讨超声内镜引导下的针吸活检术（EUS－FNA）诊断肺癌及纵隔淋巴结转移的可行性、准确性和安全性。方法：应用Pentax FG32-UA超声内镜及直径为0．8mm的GIP穿刺针（Medi-Globe),对10例患者（6例肺部肿块伴纵隔淋巴结肿大,1例右肺肿块,1例食管旁肿块,2例纵隔淋巴结广泛肿大）行EUS－FNA。结果：1例患者未能取得足够的标本;US－FNA诊断为恶性肿瘤者7例（小细胞癌5例,鳞癌、腺癌各1例,均经随诊确诊）,良性病变者2例（分别经胸腔镜或纵隔镜及随诊确诊）。未出现任何与穿刺相关的并发症。结论：EUS－FNA在肺癌及纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断中是一准确、安全、实用的检查方法。     

应用支气管内超声引导针吸活检术诊断胸部结节病

目的 探讨支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)诊断胸部结节病的价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年9月至2011年6月接受EBUS-TBNA检查的35例临床拟诊胸部结节病患者的临床资料,所有患者术前胸部CT检查均发现肺门和(或)纵隔淋巴结肿大(≥1.O cm).对于EBUS-TBNA未能明确诊断的患者,进一步接受外科手术活检或至少6个月以上的临床及影像学随访.结果 35例患者,经EBUS-TBNA活检87组淋巴结,其中纵隔淋巴结64组,肺门及叶间淋巴结23组.最终明确诊断胸部结节病28例(80％),其中经EBUS-TBNA明确诊断25例(89.3％).所有患者检查耐受良好,无任何相关并发症发生.结论 EBUS-TBNA 是一种安全有效的诊断方法,对于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胸部结节病有较高的诊断率.     

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术在肺癌分期中的应用

目的 探讨支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)在肺癌分期中的应用价值.方法 回顾性总结2009年9月至2010年2月,52例胸部CT均发现纵隔淋巴结肿大≥1.0 cm肺癌病人经EBUS-TBNA检查的临床资料.结果 经EBUS-TBNA检查证实纵隔淋巴结转移(阳性)者41例,未见纵隔淋巴结转移(阴性)者11例.阳性者放弃手术,予以化疗.阴性者接受胸腔镜或开胸手术,行肺叶切除或肺楔形切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫.术后病理证实,9例纵隔淋巴结确实末见转移,2例纵隔淋巴结可见癌转移,即EBUS-TBNA检查假阴性.EBUS-TBNA的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测价值及阴性预测价值分别为95.3%、100%、96.2%、100%及81.8%.该检查耐受良好,无任何相关并发症发生.结论 EBUS-TBNA是一种安全、有效的肺癌分期方法.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for staging of lung cancer. Methods The study was retrospective, a total of 52 patients underwent EBUSTBNA for known or suspected lung cancer. All patients were detected enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on CT scan ( ≥ 1.0cm). Results Of the 52 patients, 41 patients were found with N2 or N3 disease on EBUS-TBNA. 11 patients with negative EBUS-TBNA underwent thoracoscopy or thoracotomy for pulmonary resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection, 9 patients were confirmed N0 by pathology, whereas 2 patients had metastatic lymph node. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA for the mediastinal staging of lung cancer were 95.3%, 100%, 96.2%, 100%, and 81.8%, respectively. The procedure was uneventful, and there were no postoperative complications. Conclusion EBUS-TBNA is an effective and safe technique for mediastinal staging in lung cancer patients.     

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术诊断胸部疾病

目的 探讨EBUS-TBNA在诊断胸部疾病中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年9月至2011年8月343例经EBUS-TBNA术检查患者资料,男219例,女124例;年龄(59.4±13.6)岁.其中影像学可疑或已明确肺癌,并伴有纵隔或肺门淋巴结肿大208例;不伴有肺内占位的纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大或纵隔占位94例;邻近大气道的肺实质内占位41例.结果 患者胸部病变短径(1.94±1.01) cm,穿刺胸部病变(1.77±0.86)个/例,穿刺(4.71±2.69)次,每处病变平均穿刺2.66次.本组EBUS-TBNA诊断纵隔和(或)肺门良、恶性病变总的敏感性95.6％(238/249例)、特异性100％( 94/94例)、阳性预测值100％(238/238例)、阴性预测值89.5％(94/105例)、准确性96.8％(332/343例).208例明确或可疑肺癌患者中151例经EBUS-TBNA诊断纵隔淋巴结转移,4例为结核,2例为Ⅱ期结节病;51例EBUS-TBNA阴性患者中37例接受进一步手术,32例证实为真阴性.EBUS-TBNA对本组188例肺癌患者纵隔淋巴结分期的敏感性96.8％(151/156例)、特异性100.0％(32/32例)、准确性97.3％(183/188例),阳性预测值100.0％(151/151例)、阴性预测值86.5％(32/37例).94例纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大或纵隔占位患者中22例恶性病变,73例良性病变中有23例诊断为淋巴结反应性增生,其中有13例接受进一步手术,6例为假阴性.EBUS-TBNA诊断本组纵隔病变良、恶性的敏感性88.0％(22/25例)、特异性100％(73/73例)、阴性预测值95.9％(70/73例)准确性97.9％(92/94例).EBUSTBNA对本组纵隔恶性和良性病变诊断的准确率分别为88.0％(22/25例)和95.9％(70/73例).41例邻近大气道的肺实质内占位中恶性33例;8例EBUS-TBNA阴性,其中4例经进一步手术证实为假阴性.EBUS-TBNA诊断大气道旁肺实质内占位中的敏感性89.2％(33/37例)、准确性90.2％(37/41例).全组病例无穿刺相关并发症发生.结论 EBUS-TBNA术对于肺癌的病理分期可靠,诊断邻近大气道的肺门或纵隔占位等胸部疾病安全、有效.     

Intrapulmonary Schwannoma Diagnosed With Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: Case Report

A 47-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for further examination of a lung tumor. CT of the chest revealed a round, well-defined 2.4-cm nodule in S2, adjacent to right superior lobe bronchus. Endobronchial ultrasonography showed a well-defined, hypoechoic tumor with echogenic capsule and posterior acoustic enhancement. Diagnosis of schwannoma was confirmed from the specimen obtained by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. She underwent tumorectomy due to the possibility of obstructive pneumonia. Pathology diagnosis from the surgical specimen was also schwannoma. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration and findings with endobronchial ultrasonography might be helpful in the diagnosis of intrapulmonary schwannoma.     

A Solitary Metastatic Lung Tumor from Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma Diagnosed by Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA): Report of a Case

A solitary metastatic tumor from thyroid papillary carcinoma is rarely diagnosed preoperatively. A 61-year-old woman was referred to us for investigation of a solitary nodule in the right lung field on a chest X-ray, several years after a right hemithyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) of a tumor in the right lower lobe, adjacent to the inferior pulmonary vein, revealed metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemical examination of histological cores obtained from the EBUS-TBNA proved extremely helpful in confirming the diagnosis. We performed right lower lobectomy with lymph node sampling, and the final pathological diagnosis was papillary carcinoma without lymph node metastasis.     

Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration of Undiagnosed Chest Tumors

Background  

A number of patients with radiologically suspicious chest tumors remain undiagnosed despite bronchoscopy or CT-guided fine-needle aspiration (CT-FNA). Such patients are often referred for mediastinoscopy, which is an invasive surgical procedure that poses a small but significant risk to the patient. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS) is a well-established method for mediastinal staging of lung cancer but may also be used as a diagnostic tool in patients with undiagnosed intrathoracic lesions.     

Usefulness of Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration for the Diagnosis of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes

IntroductionTransbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is a bronchoscopic technique that has been shown to be useful for sampling mediastinal lymph nodes. The yield of this technique can be increased by using endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) to guide needle placement. The aim of the present study was to compare the yield of EBUS-guided TBNA to that of conventional TBNA in the analysis of mediastinal lymph nodes.Patients and MethodsAll patients undergoing either EBUS-guided or conventional TBNA for the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph nodes between January 2006 and May 2007 were studied consecutively. Histology results were used as a reference standard in patients treated surgically. In cases in which surgery was not indicated, the results of cytology or of clinical follow-up of at least 6 months duration were used.ResultsTBNA was performed in 117 patients and a total of 143 lymph nodes were punctured (mean shortest [SD] diameter, 17.9 [8] mm). The samples obtained were diagnostic in 58 patients (49.6%) and in 70 lymph nodes (49.0%). For paratracheal and hilar stations, the yield of EBUS-guided TBNA was superior to that of conventional TBNA (59.2% compared to 34.1%, P=.02).ConclusionsRadial EBUS guidance increases the diagnostic yield of TBNA in paratracheal and hilar lymph node stations.     

Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Bone Lesions: Clinical Value

The clinical value of cytological aspiration biopsy in 85 patients with lytic bone lesions was studied. In 71 cases cytology was of diagnostic value, but in 14 cases it was inconclusive or misleading. The method is considered a simple primary diagnostic procedure especially in lytic bone lesions of uncertain nature.     

A Prospective Evaluation of an Algorithm Incorporating Routine Preoperative Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in Suspected Pancreatic Cancer

Background Whether tissue diagnosis is required in the preoperative evaluation of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer remains controversial. We prospectively evaluated the accuracy, safety, and potential impact on surgical intervention of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in the preoperative evaluation of suspected pancreatic cancer. Methods All patients who underwent EUS-FNA at our institution (n = 547) over a 4.5-year period were enrolled. Patients underwent surgical exploration and resection based on their comorbidity status, evidence of resectability based on spiral computed tomography (CT) and EUS imaging reviewed in a multidisciplinary approach. Results Of 547 patients enrolled (median age 64 years, 60% male), 49% presented with obstructive jaundice. The operating characteristics of EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic masses were: sensitivity 95% (95% CI: 93.2–95.4), specificity 92% (95% CI: 86.6–95.7), positive predictive value 98% (95% CI: 97–99), negative predictive value 80% (95% CI: 74.9–82.7). The overall accuracy of EUS-FNA was 94.1% (95% CI: 92.0–94). Of the 414 true positive patients by EUS-FNA, 138 (33%) were explored. Of patients deemed operable by combined imaging, 42% had surgical resection. Eighty-two percent of true positive patients were ultimately found inoperable and received palliative therapy or chemotherapy. Of the 94 patients with true negative cytology based on extended follow-up, only 7 (7%) underwent surgical resection. Of those with false negative diagnoses (n = 24), 5 patients underwent exploration/resection based on detection of mass lesions by EUS. The remaining patients had unresectable disease. Mild self-limiting pancreatitis occurred in (0.91%). Conclusions EUS-FNA is a safe and highly accurate method for tissue diagnosis in suspected pancreatic cancer. This approach allows for preoperative counseling of patients, minimizing surgeon’s operative time in cases of unresectable disease, and avoids surgical biopsies in the majority of patients with inoperable disease. In addition, it allows for conservative management of patients with benign biopsies. We still, however, recommend exploration of patients with clinical scenario suspicious for pancreatic cancer, a mass found on EUS or CT, but inconclusive or negative cytology. Received a Poster of Distinction Award at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract held May 20 to 24, 2006 in Los Angeles, California.