完全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗早期肺癌的近期疗效评价

目的 探讨完全电视胸腔镜（VATS）肺叶切除术治疗早期肺癌的可行性、安全性及近期疗效。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年5月济宁市第一人民医院连续138例早期肺癌施行肺叶切除术患者的临床资料,其中完全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术组 （VATS组） 71例,男39例,女32例 ;年龄 （57.9±10.6） 岁;传统开胸肺叶切除术组 （开胸组） 67例,男36例,女31例;年龄 （60.3±8.2） 岁。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、清扫淋巴结组数及个数、带胸腔引流管时间、术后住院时间、术后第1 d、3 d、30 d疼痛视觉模拟评分 （vision analogue score,VAS）以及术后并发症发生情况。 结果 两组患者均顺利完成手术。VATS组患者术中出血量 ［（147±113） ml vs. （146±91） ml］、清扫淋巴结个数 ［（9.9±3.6） 枚 vs. （10.0±3.6） 枚］ 及组数 ［（3.1±1.3） 组 vs. （3.4±1.3） 组］、术后第1 d、第3 d VAS评分与开胸组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;VATS组手术时间 ［（119±27） min vs. （135±29） min］、术后带胸腔引流管时间 ［（3.0±0.9） d vs. （3.8±1.2） d］、术后住院时间 ［（8.0±2.1） d vs. （10.2±5.4） d］、术后第30 d VAS评分 ［（2.6±0.7）分vs. （3.2±1.1） 分］ 及术后并发症发生率均短于或少于开胸组（P＜0.05）。VATS组术后随访59例,开胸组术后随访58例,随访时间2～18个月,两组均无死亡,其中脑转移1例,肝转移1例,骨转移2例。 结论对于早期肺癌的治疗,采用完全胸腔镜肺叶切除术安全可行,它具有创伤小、并发症少,术后恢复快、慢性胸痛轻微等优势。同时能够达到与常规开胸手术相同的规范化淋巴结清扫。     

全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术156例报告

目的探讨全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗肺部疾病的价值。方法 2008年1月～2011年1月,通过胸部3个微小切口行全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术156例,无须放置肋骨撑开器,不牵开肋骨,基本操作顺序与常规开胸肺叶切除相同。肺癌病人均清扫淋巴结。结果本组手术顺利,无围手术期严重并发症及死亡,手术时间(166±58)min,术中出血(210±108)ml,术后住院时间(8.3±3.0)d。术后病理诊断:肺部良性病变28例(17.9%),其中隐球菌感染16例,结核球7例,肺不张5例;肺部恶性肿瘤128例(82.1%),其中细支气管肺泡癌72例,腺癌26例,细支气管肺泡癌合并腺癌17例,鳞癌13例。156例术后随访3～36个月,平均13个月:28例良性疾病无远期感染性并发症;128例恶性肿瘤中,术后3年内发生远处转移6例,主要为脑、肾上腺转移;无死亡病例。结论全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术安全、有效。     

胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗I期肺癌

目的：探讨胸腔镜肺叶切除术的疗效。方法：对30例术前诊断为I期肺癌的患行胸腔镜肺叶切除术，男19例，女11例，年龄36岁－78岁，平均63．1岁。结果：无手术死亡。2例（6．67％）术后输血，发生并发症4例（13．3％）。随访时间12月－45月，平均28．7月，生存率83．3％（25／30），其中I期患生存率为90．9％（20／22）。结论：对于I期肺癌，胸腔镜肺叶切除术长期疗效与常规开胸手术相仿，而且具有安全性高，手术创伤小，术后恢复快等优点。     

单操作孔电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗早期肺癌的临床研究

目的探讨单操作孔电视胸腔镜(single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery,single utility portVATS)肺叶切除术治疗早期肺癌的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2009年9月至2011年10月解放军总医院胸外科采用单操作孔VATS肺叶切除术治疗162例早期肺癌患者的临床病例资料(单操作孔组),用同期胸腔镜辅助小切口(video-assisted mini-thoracotomy,VAMT)肺叶切除术221例早期肺癌患者做对照(小切口组),比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数、术后下床时间、拔除胸腔引流管时间及术后并发症等。结果两组患者手术过程均顺利,无围手术期死亡。单操作孔组与小切口组患者术中出血量(162.8±75.6)ml vs.(231.4±62.8)ml、术后下床时间(2.2±0.3)d vs.(3.7±0.5)d、拔除胸腔引流管时间(3.5±0.2)d vs.(4.6±0.4)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);单操作孔组与小切口组患者的手术时间(133.7±22.0)min vs.(124.9±25.7)min、淋巴结清扫数(11.7±1.9)枚vs.(12.5±2.7)枚、并发症发生率7.4%vs.8.1%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单操作孔VATS肺叶切除并淋巴结清扫治疗早期肺癌安全、可靠,较VAMT创伤更小、恢复更快。     

完全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术23例报告

目的探讨完全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术的可行性。方法2008年1月-2010年1月我院行完全胸腔镜肺叶切除术23例（右上叶9例、右下叶9例、左下叶3例、左上叶2例;肺癌21例,肺隐球菌病2例）,采用标准完全胸腔镜肺叶切除切口,按照解剖学肺叶切除分别处理肺静脉、动脉及支气管等,肺癌同时进行肺门和纵隔淋巴结清扫。结果3例中转开胸,其中2例为右上肺癌后升支动脉出血,1例为右下肺癌切除术中误伤中间干支气管。手术时间120-300rain,平均202rain;术中出血50-500ml,平均210ml。清扫淋巴结2-33枚,平均17枚。无手术死亡及严重并发症,胸腔引流时间3-16d,平均5d。术后住院4-17d,平均6d。23例随访3—24个月,平均12个月,21例肺癌中除1例Ⅲa期术后9个月出现骨转移外,余20例无复发。结论完全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术安全可行。     

全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术

目的总结探讨全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除的安全手术方法。方法在自2008年7月至2010年3月以来共完成全电胸腔镜下肺叶切除57例,男34例,女23例,年龄45～78岁。临床诊断支气管扩张症3例,肺曲菌球病2例,肺硬化性血管瘤2例,慢性肺部炎症1例,肺癌49例。腋中线第7或第8肋间作镜孔（1.5～2cm）,肩胛下角线第7或第8肋间作操作孔（1.5～2cm）,腋前线与锁骨中线间第4肋间（上中叶切除）或第5肋间（下叶切除）作一长约4～6cm辅助切口,便于游离肺门血管和取出被切肺叶。术中应用血管切割缝合器处理血管、支气管。结果切除左肺上叶12例,左肺下叶13例,右肺上叶11例,右肺中叶5例,右肺下叶16例。术后平均胸管引流量50～150ml/d。平均住院时间10.5d。全组无死亡病例。结论全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除具有出血少、疼痛小、住院时间短和病程恢复快等优点。胸外科医师经过相关训练完全能掌握这项微创技术进行安全手术。     

胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术治疗早期肺癌

目的探讨胸腔镜根治性肺癌切除的可行性. 方法 2000年1月～2003年6月我们应用胸腔镜辅助小切口对31例早期肺癌行肺叶切除淋巴结扩清术,其中右肺上叶8例,中叶4例,下叶5例,左肺上叶8例,下叶6例,29例根治性切除. 结果全组均行肺叶切除.手术时间2～4 h,平均2.5 h.术中出血量50～150 ml,均未输血.切除淋巴结5～12枚,平均8枚.术后胸腔闭式引流平均3 d(1.5～28 d),术后住院平均7.5 d(5～30 d).无手术死亡及并发症发生.29例随访2～40个月,1例术后6个月因心肌梗塞死亡,2例分别于术后6、15个月出现脑、肝、肺等远处转移. 结论胸腔镜辅助小切口对较早期肺癌行根治性手术治疗可行.     

电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术63例报告

目的探讨电视胸腔镜（video—assisted thoracoscopic surgery，VATS）辅助小切口肺叶切除术在肺部疾病和非小细胞肺癌治疗中的适应证、安全性。方法1996年5月～2007年4月，VATS辅助小切口行肺叶切除术63例，其中术前诊断肺良性病变18例，肺实质性占位或恶性病变45例，行右肺上叶切除术12例，右肺中叶切除8例，右肺下叶切除27例，左肺上叶切除5例，左肺下叶切除11例。结果63例均成功行胸腔镜肺叶切除术（其中延长切口6例）。无围手术死亡。胸腔闭式引流时间4～7d，平均4．5d。术后病理诊断：原发性非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）37例（58．7％），转移癌1例（1．6％），类癌1例（1．6％）；良性病变24例（38．1％）。37例NSCLC中术后病理临床分期：Ⅰa期8例，Ⅰb期13例，Ⅱa期4例，Ⅱb期3例，Ⅲa期6例，Ⅲb期1例，Ⅳ期2例。恶性肿瘤随访34例（87．2％），其中2～12个月7例，13～24个月10例，25～36个月6例，37～48个月6例，49～60个月3例，2例生存11年。因肿瘤复发或转移死亡5例（14．7％），带瘤生存1例（2．9％），无瘤生存28例（82．4％）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ期肺癌1年和3年生存率为100％（19／19）、90％（9／10）；Ⅲ期肺癌随访5例，3例死于肿瘤复发或转移；Ⅳ期2例中1例死于转移。结论VATS辅助小切口肺叶切除术安全，可达到彻底切除目的，其适应证为肺良性疾病和Ⅰ、Ⅱ期周边型非小细胞肺癌，可作为其常规手术之一。     

电视胸腔镜与传统开胸肺叶切除术治疗原发性非小细胞肺癌

目的 为了使电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)在临床中得到更好地应用,探讨电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术(VATS lobectomy)治疗原发性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床价值.方法 2007年9月至2008年12月我科手术治疗NSCLC患者76例,其中37例接受电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术(VATS组),男21例,女16例;平均年龄60.4岁;采用胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术20例,全胸腔镜肺叶切除术17例.39例接受传统开胸肺叶切除术(传统开胸组),男32例,女7例; 平均年龄58.7岁.比较分析两组患者围手术期相关临床和实验室指标的变化.结果 两组患者均无严重并发症和围手术期死亡.VATS组与传统开胸组比较,在切口长度(7.6±1.9 cm vs. 28.5±3.6 cm, t=-31.390,P=0.000),术后杜冷丁用量(160±125 mg vs.232±101 mg,t=-2.789,P=0.007),术后胸腔引流量多于100 ml的天数(4.8±2.5 d vs. 8.1±3.2 d,t=-4.944,P=0.000)和术后住院时间(12.1±3.0 d vs. 15.7±4.7d,t=-3.945,P=0.000)等方面差异有统计学意义;两组在手术时间(t=1.732,P=0.087)、术中出血量(t=-1.645,P=0.105),淋巴结清扫数量(t=-0.088,P=0.930)等方面差异无统计学意义,VATS组的住院总费用略高于传统开胸组,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.303,P=0.197);VATS组术后第1 d血糖(7.2±1.2 mmol/L vs. 8.4±2.2 mmol/L,t=5.603,P=0.000)和白细胞总数(12.7±3.8×109/L vs. 15.1±5.9×109/L, t=5.082,P=0.004)均显著低于传统开胸组,前白蛋白值显著高于传统开胸组(215.0±45.5 mg/L vs.147.3±50.8 mg/L,t=-7.931,P=0.000).结论 电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术可彻底清扫淋巴结,术后创伤较小、急性期反应较低、疼痛轻、恢复较快、住院时间短且不明显增加患者经济负担,在严格选择患者的条件下,可以作为治疗早期NSCLC的一种手术途径.     

全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术51例

目的探讨全电视胸腔镜（VATS）下肺叶切除治疗肺部疾病的手术适应证、方法与可行性。方法对2008年8月至2012年12月,51例全胸腔镜下肺叶切除病例进行资料分析。结果全组共51例患者,均为全电视胸腔镜下完成肺叶切除,无死亡及中转开胸病例。结论全胸腔镜下肺叶切除治疗肺部疾病具有微创、安全、并发症少、恢复快的特点,值得更广泛推广。     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer

Objective|The objective of this study was to confirm the safety and feasibility of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for primary lung cancer and to compare prognoses with that of conventional procedures, and then to examine whether VATS would supplant a conventional thoracotomy for stage I lung cancer. Methods: From September 1995 through March 2002, 144 patients with primary lung cancer, included 118 patients with postoperative state I, underwent VATS lobectomy. We reviewed the previous cases whether they could be candidates for VATS lobectomy according to present indications. 166 cases were supposed to be candidates for VATS, and 121 cases of postoperative stage I disease were recruited into the “conventional thoracotomy” group. Results: There was no mortality or major complication except one case, and mean follow-up was 31.8 months in VATS. The number of removed lymph nodes was not significantly less than the number by conventional thoractomy (p=0.061). Five-year survival for patients with pathological stage IA adenocarcinoma was 92.4% (n=66) in VATS and 86.9% (n=50) in conventional thoracotomy, and a statistical significance could not be recognized (p=0.980). The length of hospital stay was significantly short in VATS lobectomy (p<0.0001). Conclusions: VATS lobectomy for stage I lung cancer can be performed safely with minimal morbidity, satisfying survival comparable with that of lobectomy through conventional thoractomy. VATS approach is a feasible surgical technique for patients with stage I lung cancer.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy reduces the morbidity after surgery for stage I non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: We conducted this study to evaluate the surgical invasiveness and the safety of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for stage I lung cancer. Methods: Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomies were performed on 43 patients with clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer. We compared the surgical invasiveness parameters with 42 patients who underwent lobectomy by conventional thoracotomy. Results: Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less than that in the conventional thoracotomy group (151±149 vs. 362±321 g, p<0.01). Chest tube duration (3.0±2.1 vs. 3.9±1.9 days) was significantly shorter than those in the conventional thoracotomy group (p<0.05). The visual analog scale which was evaluated as postoperative pain level on postoperative day 7, maximum white blood count and C-reactive protein level were significantly lower than those in the conventional thoracotomy group (p<0.05). The morbidity rate was significantly lower than that in the conventional thoracotomy group (25.6% vs. 47.6%, p<0.05). Sputum retention and arrhythmia were significantly less frequent than in the conventional thoracotomy group (p<0.05). We experienced no operative deaths in both groups. Conclusion: We conclude that video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients is a less invasive and safer procedure with a lower morbidity rate compared with lobectomy by thoracotomy.     

Video-assisted lobectomy in elderly lung cancer patients

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the pre-, intra- and postoperative outcome of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy in elderly lung cancer patients to determine what factors may be disadvantageous. METHODS: From June 1982 to May 2000, 707 patients underwent pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer. Of these, 87 patients with t1-2 peripheral lung cancer underwent lobectomy and postoperative pulmonary function tests and postoperative conditions at an average of 2.3 months postoperatively. Of these, 52 underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy since 1994 and 35 lobectomy by standard thoracotomy. RESULTS: Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy offered advantages in blood loss, chest wall damage, and minimal performance deterioration status. The percent vital capacity, percent forced expiratory in 1 second, and percent maximum ventilatory volume were well preserved in patients who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified operation duration as an independent risk factor in morbidity and operative procedure as an independent risk factor in performance deterioration. In stage IA and IB patients, 3-year-survival was 92.9% and 5-year survival 53.8% in those undergoing lobectomy by standard thoracotomy and 84.2% at 3 years and 60.1% at 5-years in those undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy. CONCLUSION: We thus consider video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy in this age group to be an effective procedure, but the long surgical duration is a risk factor in a poor clinical outcome.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery for left lung cancer in a patient with a right aortic arch

We report a rare case of left lung cancer in a patient with a right aortic arch. A 65-year-old woman was diagnosed to have an adenocarcinoma in the left upper lobe (S3) in addition to a right aortic arch (type II), with the left subclavian artery originating from the descending aorta. Left upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection was performed by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). For the mediastinal dissection, the upper mediastinal lymph nodes were easily resected after verifying the location of the arterial ligament and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). This is the first report of using VATS to remove a lung cancer from a patient with a right aortic arch.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for typical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors

Background: Indications for the use of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy are a controversial matter. This study aims to provide a retrospective evaluation of VATS lobectomy in typical bronchopulmonary carcinoids. Methods: Patient selection criteria for VATS lobectomy were as follows: (a) typical carcinoids with clear diagnosis; (b) centrally located lung tumors not amenable to bronchial resection with bronchoplastic procedures, or tumors located in peripheral lung tissues; (c) no hilar or mediastinal lymph node enlargement; and (d) normal respiratory function. Between January 1995 and December 1999, 12 patients (eight men and four women with a mean age of 57 years) were treated, seven with a peripheral and five with a centrally located tumor. Preoperative examination included chest roentgenograms, computed tomography (CT) of the chest, bronchoscopy, and spirometry; diagnosis was established by direct bronchoscopy in five cases, transbronchial biopsy in two cases, transthoracic biopsy in two cases, and videothorascopic wedge resection in three cases. Eleven VATS lobectomies and one VATS bilobectomy were performed. All patients underwent hilar lymphadenectomy and mediastinal sampling. Results: There were no intraoperative complications. The only postoperative complication, hematothorax (8.3%), required VATS reoperation. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.33 days. Pathological examination of the resected specimens confirmed that the procedure was radical in all 12 patients and revealed eight T1N0 and four T2N0. At a mean follow-up of 30 months, no signs of recurrence were recorded. Conclusion: VATS lobectomy in the treatment of selected typical carcinoids, both central and peripheral, seems to yield favorable results and is therefore preferable to thoracotomy since it is less invasive. Received: 21 January 2000/Accepted: 11 May 2000/Online publication: 5 October 2000     

电视胸腔镜下治疗肺叶切除术后支气管胸膜瘘

本文报道 2例肺癌患者行肺叶切除分别于术后第 4、7天出现支气管胸膜瘘。再次手术经VATS直接以无损伤编织线缝合封闭瘘口 ,外用医用合成胶或生物蛋白胶。 2例支气管膜瘘均治愈出院。     

胸腔镜袖式肺叶切除研究进展

20世纪90年代初,电视辅助胸腔镜手术(VATS)开始被用于非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的外科治疗,经过20多年的发展,VATS技术日趋成熟,其在早期肺癌治疗中的安全性和有效性得到公认,并被作为一种标准手术方式写进指南。然而,目前对于复杂VATS,如VATS袖式切除仍存在争议,相关研究和报道还相对较少,且多为个案报道或小样本回顾性研究。该文拟对这一领域的相关研究和技术进展作一综述。     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for right middle lobectomy in children

This case-control study was designed to evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for right middle lobectomy in children. Ten children (6.1±3.0 yr, mean±SD) who underwent right middle lobectomy under videoscopy were compared with 10 controls matched for age (6.8±3.5 yr) and operated by thoracotomy (muscle-sparing technique) during the same period by the same surgeon. Operating time was significantly longer in the videoscopy group than in the thoracotomy group (146±28 mn vs 100±27 mn, P<0.001). Minimum oxygen saturation values were significantly higher in the videoscopy group whereas oxygen requirements did not differ between groups. Incidence of postoperative respiratory complications (mainly atelectasis) was similar in the two groups. No difference in postoperative analgesic requirements in the postoperative period was demonstrated. No real benefit or disadvantage of videoscopy over standard thoracotomy could be observed in this retrospective case-control study.     

Video-assisted lobectomy for a lung cancer patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objectives: This retrospective study was conducted to see whether a video-assisted lobectomy is beneficial in lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease regarding preservation of pulmonary function compared to lobectomy by standard thoracotomy.Subjects and Methods: Between 1982 and 2002, 67 patients who underwent lobectomy for primary lung cancer showed 55% or less of preoperative forced expiratory, volume in one second/vital capacity. Among them, 25 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The remaining 42 patients were excluded because of no presence of a postoperative pulmonary function test. Nine of 25 patients underwent a video-assisted lobectomy between 1994 and 2002 and the remaining 16 patients who underwent a lobectomy by standard thoractomy between 1982 and 1994 were employed as a historical control. Perioperative conditions and changes in pulmonary function were compared between two groups.Results: A parameter of chest wall damage was minor in video-assisted lobectomy compared to that in lobectomy by standard thoracotomy. Changes between pre- and postoperative percent of vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and maximal ventilatory volume showed significantly minor deterioration or even improvement in video-assisted lobectomy patients. Predicted postoperative pulmonary function tended to be underestimated for postoperative values in video-assisted lobectomy patientsConclusions: Video-assisted lobectomy seemed to be profitable in preservation of pulmonary function in lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Prediction of postoperative pulmonary function should be revised due to the underestimation for postoperative values in video-assisted lobectomy, which could offer profitable surgical treatment for lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.